diff --git a/apps/web/src/graphics/index.ts b/apps/web/src/graphics/index.ts
index 3f277d40..7f5ac08b 100644
--- a/apps/web/src/graphics/index.ts
+++ b/apps/web/src/graphics/index.ts
@@ -1,149 +1,149 @@
-import { resolveGraphicParamsAtTime } from "@/animation";
-import type { ElementAnimations } from "@/animation/types";
-import { buildDefaultParamValues } from "@/params/registry";
-import type { ParamValues } from "@/params";
-import { graphicsRegistry } from "./registry";
-import {
-	registerDefaultGraphics,
-	ellipseGraphicDefinition,
-	polygonGraphicDefinition,
-	rectangleGraphicDefinition,
-	starGraphicDefinition,
-} from "./definitions";
-import {
-	DEFAULT_GRAPHIC_SOURCE_SIZE,
-	type GraphicInstance,
-	type GraphicDefinition,
-} from "./types";
-
-const graphicPreviewUrlCache = new Map<string, string>();
-
-const FALLBACK_CORNER_RADIUS_RATIO = 0.2;
-const FALLBACK_FILL_OPACITY = 0.08;
-const FALLBACK_MIN_FONT_SIZE = 12;
-const FALLBACK_FONT_SIZE_RATIO = 0.15;
-
-function buildFallbackPreviewUrl({
-	name,
-	size,
-}: {
-	name: string;
-	size: number;
-}): string {
-	const svg = `
-		<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="${size}" height="${size}" viewBox="0 0 ${size} ${size}">
-			<rect width="${size}" height="${size}" rx="${size * FALLBACK_CORNER_RADIUS_RATIO}" fill="white" fill-opacity="${FALLBACK_FILL_OPACITY}" />
-			<text x="50%" y="50%" dominant-baseline="middle" text-anchor="middle" fill="white" font-size="${Math.max(FALLBACK_MIN_FONT_SIZE, size * FALLBACK_FONT_SIZE_RATIO)}" font-family="sans-serif">${name}</text>
-		</svg>
-	`;
-	return `data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,${encodeURIComponent(svg)}`;
-}
-
-export function getGraphicDefinition({
-	definitionId,
-}: {
-	definitionId: string;
-}): GraphicDefinition {
-	registerDefaultGraphics();
-	return graphicsRegistry.get(definitionId);
-}
-
-export function buildDefaultGraphicInstance({
-	definitionId,
-}: {
-	definitionId: string;
-}): GraphicInstance {
-	const definition = getGraphicDefinition({ definitionId });
-	return {
-		definitionId,
-		params: buildDefaultParamValues(definition.params),
-	};
-}
-
-export function resolveGraphicParams(
-	definition: GraphicDefinition,
-	params?: ParamValues,
-): ParamValues {
-	return {
-		...buildDefaultParamValues(definition.params),
-		...(params ?? {}),
-	};
-}
-
-export function resolveGraphicElementParamsAtTime({
-	element,
-	localTime,
-}: {
-	element: {
-		definitionId: string;
-		params: ParamValues;
-		animations?: ElementAnimations;
-	};
-	localTime: number;
-}): ParamValues {
-	const definition = getGraphicDefinition({
-		definitionId: element.definitionId,
-	});
-	return resolveGraphicParamsAtTime({
-		params: resolveGraphicParams(definition, element.params),
-		definitions: definition.params,
-		animations: element.animations,
-		localTime,
-	});
-}
-
-export function buildGraphicPreviewUrl({
-	definitionId,
-	params,
-	size = DEFAULT_GRAPHIC_SOURCE_SIZE,
-}: {
-	definitionId: string;
-	params?: ParamValues;
-	size?: number;
-}): string {
-	const definition = getGraphicDefinition({ definitionId });
-	const resolvedParams = resolveGraphicParams(definition, params);
-	const cacheKey = JSON.stringify({ definitionId, resolvedParams, size });
-	const cachedUrl = graphicPreviewUrlCache.get(cacheKey);
-	if (cachedUrl) {
-		return cachedUrl;
-	}
-
-	if (typeof document === "undefined") {
-		return buildFallbackPreviewUrl({ name: definition.name, size });
-	}
-
-	const canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
-	canvas.width = size;
-	canvas.height = size;
-	const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
-	if (!ctx) {
-		return buildFallbackPreviewUrl({ name: definition.name, size });
-	}
-
-	definition.render({
-		ctx,
-		params: resolvedParams,
-		width: size,
-		height: size,
-	});
-
-	const previewUrl = canvas.toDataURL("image/png");
-	graphicPreviewUrlCache.set(cacheKey, previewUrl);
-	return previewUrl;
-}
-
-export {
-	DEFAULT_GRAPHIC_SOURCE_SIZE,
-	ellipseGraphicDefinition,
-	graphicsRegistry,
-	polygonGraphicDefinition,
-	rectangleGraphicDefinition,
-	registerDefaultGraphics,
-	starGraphicDefinition,
-};
-export type {
-	GraphicDefinition,
-	GraphicInstance,
-	GraphicRenderContext,
-} from "./types";
+import { resolveGraphicParamsAtTime } from "@/animation";
+import type { ElementAnimations } from "@/animation/types";
+import { buildDefaultParamValues } from "@/params/registry";
+import type { ParamValues } from "@/params";
+import { graphicsRegistry } from "./registry";
+import {
+	registerDefaultGraphics,
+	ellipseGraphicDefinition,
+	polygonGraphicDefinition,
+	rectangleGraphicDefinition,
+	starGraphicDefinition,
+} from "./definitions";
+import {
+	DEFAULT_GRAPHIC_SOURCE_SIZE,
+	type GraphicInstance,
+	type GraphicDefinition,
+} from "./types";
+
+const graphicPreviewUrlCache = new Map<string, string>();
+
+const FALLBACK_CORNER_RADIUS_RATIO = 0.2;
+const FALLBACK_FILL_OPACITY = 0.08;
+const FALLBACK_MIN_FONT_SIZE = 12;
+const FALLBACK_FONT_SIZE_RATIO = 0.15;
+
+function buildFallbackPreviewUrl({
+	name,
+	size,
+}: {
+	name: string;
+	size: number;
+}): string {
+	const svg = `
+		<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="${size}" height="${size}" viewBox="0 0 ${size} ${size}">
+			<rect width="${size}" height="${size}" rx="${size * FALLBACK_CORNER_RADIUS_RATIO}" fill="white" fill-opacity="${FALLBACK_FILL_OPACITY}" />
+			<text x="50%" y="50%" dominant-baseline="middle" text-anchor="middle" fill="white" font-size="${Math.max(FALLBACK_MIN_FONT_SIZE, size * FALLBACK_FONT_SIZE_RATIO)}" font-family="sans-serif">${name}</text>
+		</svg>
+	`;
+	return `data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,${encodeURIComponent(svg)}`;
+}
+
+export function getGraphicDefinition({
+	definitionId,
+}: {
+	definitionId: string;
+}): GraphicDefinition {
+	registerDefaultGraphics();
+	return graphicsRegistry.get(definitionId);
+}
+
+export function buildDefaultGraphicInstance({
+	definitionId,
+}: {
+	definitionId: string;
+}): GraphicInstance {
+	const definition = getGraphicDefinition({ definitionId });
+	return {
+		definitionId,
+		params: buildDefaultParamValues(definition.params),
+	};
+}
+
+export function resolveGraphicParams(
+	definition: GraphicDefinition,
+	params?: ParamValues,
+): ParamValues {
+	return {
+		...buildDefaultParamValues(definition.params),
+		...(params ?? {}),
+	};
+}
+
+export function resolveGraphicElementParamsAtTime({
+	element,
+	localTime,
+}: {
+	element: {
+		definitionId: string;
+		params: ParamValues;
+		animations?: ElementAnimations;
+	};
+	localTime: number;
+}): ParamValues {
+	const definition = getGraphicDefinition({
+		definitionId: element.definitionId,
+	});
+	return resolveGraphicParamsAtTime({
+		params: resolveGraphicParams(definition, element.params),
+		definitions: definition.params,
+		animations: element.animations,
+		localTime,
+	});
+}
+
+export function buildGraphicPreviewUrl({
+	definitionId,
+	params,
+	size = DEFAULT_GRAPHIC_SOURCE_SIZE,
+}: {
+	definitionId: string;
+	params?: ParamValues;
+	size?: number;
+}): string {
+	const definition = getGraphicDefinition({ definitionId });
+	const resolvedParams = resolveGraphicParams(definition, params);
+	const cacheKey = JSON.stringify({ definitionId, resolvedParams, size });
+	const cachedUrl = graphicPreviewUrlCache.get(cacheKey);
+	if (cachedUrl) {
+		return cachedUrl;
+	}
+
+	if (typeof document === "undefined") {
+		return buildFallbackPreviewUrl({ name: definition.name, size });
+	}
+
+	const canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
+	canvas.width = size;
+	canvas.height = size;
+	const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
+	if (!ctx) {
+		return buildFallbackPreviewUrl({ name: definition.name, size });
+	}
+
+	definition.render({
+		ctx,
+		params: resolvedParams,
+		width: size,
+		height: size,
+	});
+
+	const previewUrl = canvas.toDataURL("image/png");
+	graphicPreviewUrlCache.set(cacheKey, previewUrl);
+	return previewUrl;
+}
+
+export {
+	DEFAULT_GRAPHIC_SOURCE_SIZE,
+	ellipseGraphicDefinition,
+	graphicsRegistry,
+	polygonGraphicDefinition,
+	rectangleGraphicDefinition,
+	registerDefaultGraphics,
+	starGraphicDefinition,
+};
+export type {
+	GraphicDefinition,
+	GraphicInstance,
+	GraphicRenderContext,
+} from "./types";
diff --git a/apps/web/src/rendering/NOTES.md b/apps/web/src/rendering/NOTES.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 38055c14..00000000
--- a/apps/web/src/rendering/NOTES.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-# Notes
-
-## `Transform` is misplaced
-
-`Transform` is currently defined in `apps/web/src/rendering/index.ts`. It's
-exported from the rendering domain because rendering happens to be one of its
-consumers — but every other domain that touches scene geometry consumes it too
-(`@/timeline`, `@/preview`, `@/animation/values`, `@/text`, etc.). It's not
-"of" rendering any more than `Vector2` would be "of" math.
-
-`Transform` is closer to a primitive than a domain concept. It's infrastructure:
-a small value type with no behavior, no dependencies, no domain-specific
-invariants. Anything that wants to position something on a 2D canvas needs it.
-
-The codebase should be refactored so it's defined lower-level, rather than
-sitting in a domain. Candidate homes:
-
-- `apps/web/src/primitives/transform.ts` (new dir for these value types)
-- `apps/web/src/geometry/transform.ts` if `Vector2` and friends end up there
-- `apps/web/src/rendering/transform.ts` is acceptable only if `@/rendering`
-becomes a primitives folder rather than a domain (it's borderline today —
-it also exports `BlendMode`, which has the same problem).
-
-Side effect of fixing this: `@/rendering/animation-values.ts` (which exists
-only because `Transform` lives next to it) can move into `@/animation/values.ts`
-alongside the other resolve-at-time helpers, since `Transform` would no longer
-pull in a domain dependency.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/notes/primitives-vs-domains.md b/notes/primitives-vs-domains.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6708246c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/notes/primitives-vs-domains.md
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# Primitives vs domains
+
+The codebase has a recurring smell: **primitive value types defined inside
+domain folders**. The clearest current example is `Transform`, which lives in
+`apps/web/src/rendering/index.ts`. Rendering happens to consume it — but so do
+`@/timeline`, `@/preview`, `@/animation`, `@/text`, and anything else that
+positions things on a 2D canvas. It's not "of" rendering; rendering just owns
+the file.
+
+## The test
+
+If a type can be described without mentioning clips, tracks, effects, layers,
+keyframes, or any other product concept — and it has no behavior beyond shape
+— it's a **primitive**. The moment a type needs to know what a clip is, it
+has crossed into domain territory.
+
+Primitives have:
+
+- No domain-specific invariants (a 2D position doesn't care that it's a clip's
+position; it's just `{ x, y }`).
+- No dependencies on other parts of the app — they're leaves.
+- Multiple unrelated consumers across domains.
+- A name that would make sense in any 2D editor / video tool / graphics lib.
+
+Domains, in contrast, can name things that only make sense given the rest of
+the product (`TimelineElement`, `Effect`, `GraphicDefinition`, `MediaAsset`).
+
+## Why it matters
+
+When a primitive lives in a domain folder, every other domain that consumes it
+takes a misleading dependency — `@/timeline` ends up importing from
+`@/rendering` not because timeline needs rendering, but because that's where
+`Transform` happens to sit. The dependency graph lies, and pieces that should
+move freely become anchored to the wrong layer.
+
+## The refactor
+
+Move primitives out of domain folders into a primitives location (somewhere
+like `apps/web/src/primitives/`, or split by concern — `geometry/`, `time/`,
+`color/`, etc.). Whatever the bucket, the rule is "no product concepts, no
+behavior, no upward dependencies".
+
+Don't bulk-move. Each move is deliberate — the right destination depends on
+what other primitives already exist and what naming convention has emerged.
+
+## Side effects to watch for
+
+Files often end up parked next to misplaced primitives because they had nowhere
+better to live. Example: `apps/web/src/rendering/animation-values.ts` exists
+only because `Transform` lives next door. Once `Transform` moves to a primitive
+location, that file collapses back into `apps/web/src/animation/values.ts`
+alongside the other resolve-at-time helpers — there's no remaining reason to
+split them.
+
+When moving a primitive, look at what *else* in its current folder only exists
+because of that primitive. Those usually want to move too (or merge somewhere
+else once the anchor is gone).
\ No newline at end of file