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android-reverse-engineering.../plugins/android-reverse-engineering/skills/sdk-neutralizer/scripts/merge-splits.sh

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#!/usr/bin/env bash
# merge-splits.sh — Merge XAPK split APKs into the decoded base APK directory
#
# Produces a single-APK-ready directory by merging native libraries,
# resources (best-effort), and cleaning the manifest of split-related attributes.
#
# Exit codes:
# 0 — success (splits merged)
# 1 — error (invalid input, missing files)
# 2 — not an XAPK (no .xapk-origin/ found)
set -euo pipefail
usage() {
cat <<EOF
Usage: merge-splits.sh <decoded-dir> [OPTIONS]
Merge XAPK split APK contents into the decoded base APK directory,
producing a directory ready to rebuild as a single merged APK.
Arguments:
<decoded-dir> Path to the apktool-decoded APK directory (must contain .xapk-origin/)
Options:
--abi <abi> Merge only this ABI (e.g., arm64-v8a, armeabi-v7a, x86_64, x86)
--all-abis Merge all ABIs found in splits (larger but universal)
--skip-resources Skip merging resource splits (locale, density)
-h, --help Show this help message
Output (machine-readable):
MERGE_ABI:<abi> (<count> native libraries)
MERGE_RESOURCES:<split> (<count> files)
SKIPPED_RESOURCES:<split>:<reason>
FEATURE_SPLIT_WARNING:<split> (feature modules cannot be merged)
MANIFEST_CLEANED:<attribute>
MERGE_COMPLETE:<decoded-dir>
EOF
exit 0
}
# =====================================================================
# Argument parsing
# =====================================================================
DECODED_DIR=""
TARGET_ABI=""
ALL_ABIS=false
SKIP_RESOURCES=false
while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
case "$1" in
--abi)
shift
if [[ $# -eq 0 ]]; then echo "Error: --abi requires an argument" >&2; exit 1; fi
TARGET_ABI="$1"; shift ;;
--all-abis) ALL_ABIS=true; shift ;;
--skip-resources) SKIP_RESOURCES=true; shift ;;
-h|--help) usage ;;
-*) echo "Error: Unknown option $1" >&2; usage ;;
*) DECODED_DIR="$1"; shift ;;
esac
done
if [[ -z "$DECODED_DIR" ]]; then
echo "Error: No decoded directory specified." >&2
usage
fi
if [[ ! -d "$DECODED_DIR" ]]; then
echo "Error: Directory not found: $DECODED_DIR" >&2
exit 1
fi
# =====================================================================
# Validate XAPK origin
# =====================================================================
info() { echo "[INFO] $*"; }
ok() { echo "[OK] $*"; }
fail() { echo "[FAIL] $*" >&2; }
XAPK_ORIGIN_DIR="$DECODED_DIR/.xapk-origin"
if [[ ! -f "$XAPK_ORIGIN_DIR/metadata.json" ]]; then
info "Not an XAPK — no .xapk-origin/metadata.json found. Nothing to merge."
exit 2
fi
if [[ ! -d "$XAPK_ORIGIN_DIR/splits" ]]; then
info "No splits directory found in .xapk-origin/. Nothing to merge."
exit 2
fi
# Count split APKs
split_count=0
for f in "$XAPK_ORIGIN_DIR/splits/"*.apk; do
[[ -f "$f" ]] && (( split_count++ )) || true
done
if (( split_count == 0 )); then
info "No split APKs found in .xapk-origin/splits/. Nothing to merge."
exit 2
fi
echo "=== Merging XAPK Splits ==="
echo "Decoded dir: $DECODED_DIR"
echo "Split APKs found: $split_count"
echo
# =====================================================================
# Step 0: Classify splits (ABI, resource, feature)
# =====================================================================
declare -a abi_splits=()
declare -a resource_splits=()
declare -a feature_splits=()
for split_apk in "$XAPK_ORIGIN_DIR/splits/"*.apk; do
[[ -f "$split_apk" ]] || continue
split_name=$(basename "$split_apk")
# Check if it's an ABI split by looking for lib/ inside
if unzip -l "$split_apk" 2>/dev/null | grep -q "lib/[^/]*/"; then
abi_splits+=("$split_apk")
# Check if it's a feature split (contains classes.dex or AndroidManifest.xml with split name)
elif unzip -l "$split_apk" 2>/dev/null | grep -qE "(classes[0-9]*\.dex|^.*AndroidManifest\.xml)" && \
! [[ "$split_name" == config.* ]]; then
feature_splits+=("$split_apk")
else
# Config split (locale, density, etc.)
resource_splits+=("$split_apk")
fi
done
info "ABI splits: ${#abi_splits[@]}"
info "Resource splits: ${#resource_splits[@]}"
info "Feature splits: ${#feature_splits[@]}"
echo
# Warn about feature splits — cannot be merged
if (( ${#feature_splits[@]} > 0 )); then
for fs in "${feature_splits[@]}"; do
fname=$(basename "$fs")
echo "FEATURE_SPLIT_WARNING:$fname (feature modules cannot be merged — contains DEX code and own manifest)"
done
echo
fi
# =====================================================================
# Step 1: Merge native libraries (ABI splits)
# =====================================================================
echo "=== Step 1: Merge Native Libraries ==="
if (( ${#abi_splits[@]} == 0 )); then
info "No ABI splits found — skipping native library merge."
else
# Detect available ABIs
declare -A abi_to_split=()
for split_apk in "${abi_splits[@]}"; do
# Extract ABI name from the lib/ structure inside the APK
while IFS= read -r abi_name; do
abi_to_split["$abi_name"]="$split_apk"
done < <(unzip -l "$split_apk" 2>/dev/null | grep -oP 'lib/\K[^/]+(?=/)' | sort -u)
done
info "Available ABIs: ${!abi_to_split[*]}"
# Determine which ABIs to merge
declare -a abis_to_merge=()
if [[ -n "$TARGET_ABI" ]]; then
# User specified a specific ABI
if [[ -z "${abi_to_split[$TARGET_ABI]:-}" ]]; then
fail "Requested ABI '$TARGET_ABI' not found in splits. Available: ${!abi_to_split[*]}"
exit 1
fi
abis_to_merge=("$TARGET_ABI")
elif [[ "$ALL_ABIS" == true ]]; then
# Merge all ABIs
abis_to_merge=("${!abi_to_split[@]}")
else
# Default: pick most common ABI by priority
for preferred in arm64-v8a armeabi-v7a x86_64 x86; do
if [[ -n "${abi_to_split[$preferred]:-}" ]]; then
abis_to_merge=("$preferred")
break
fi
done
# Fallback: pick the first available
if (( ${#abis_to_merge[@]} == 0 )); then
for abi in "${!abi_to_split[@]}"; do
abis_to_merge=("$abi")
break
done
fi
fi
info "Merging ABIs: ${abis_to_merge[*]}"
# Create lib/ directory in decoded dir if it doesn't exist
mkdir -p "$DECODED_DIR/lib"
TMPDIR_NATIVE=$(mktemp -d "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/merge-native-XXXXXX")
cleanup_native() { rm -rf "$TMPDIR_NATIVE"; }
trap cleanup_native EXIT
for abi in "${abis_to_merge[@]}"; do
split_apk="${abi_to_split[$abi]}"
split_name=$(basename "$split_apk")
info "Extracting native libs from $split_name (ABI: $abi)..."
# Extract lib/ contents
rm -rf "$TMPDIR_NATIVE/"*
unzip -qo "$split_apk" "lib/*" -d "$TMPDIR_NATIVE" 2>/dev/null || true
if [[ -d "$TMPDIR_NATIVE/lib/$abi" ]]; then
# Copy to decoded dir
mkdir -p "$DECODED_DIR/lib/$abi"
lib_count=0
for so_file in "$TMPDIR_NATIVE/lib/$abi/"*; do
[[ -f "$so_file" ]] || continue
cp "$so_file" "$DECODED_DIR/lib/$abi/"
(( lib_count++ ))
done
ok "Merged $lib_count native libraries for $abi"
echo "MERGE_ABI:$abi ($lib_count native libraries)"
else
info "No native libs found for ABI $abi in $split_name"
fi
done
cleanup_native
trap - EXIT
fi
echo
# =====================================================================
# Step 2: Merge resources (locale/density splits) — best-effort
# =====================================================================
echo "=== Step 2: Merge Resources (best-effort) ==="
if [[ "$SKIP_RESOURCES" == true ]]; then
info "Resource merge skipped (--skip-resources)."
for rs in "${resource_splits[@]}"; do
fname=$(basename "$rs")
echo "SKIPPED_RESOURCES:$fname:user-requested"
done
elif (( ${#resource_splits[@]} == 0 )); then
info "No resource splits found — skipping."
else
TMPDIR_RES=$(mktemp -d "${TMPDIR:-/tmp}/merge-res-XXXXXX")
cleanup_res() { rm -rf "$TMPDIR_RES"; }
trap cleanup_res EXIT
for split_apk in "${resource_splits[@]}"; do
split_name=$(basename "$split_apk")
# Extract everything except META-INF/ and resources.arsc (cannot merge compiled resources)
rm -rf "$TMPDIR_RES/"*
unzip -qo "$split_apk" -d "$TMPDIR_RES" -x "META-INF/*" "resources.arsc" 2>/dev/null || true
# Count extracted files (excluding directories)
file_count=0
while IFS= read -r -d '' f; do
(( file_count++ ))
done < <(find "$TMPDIR_RES" -type f -print0 2>/dev/null)
if (( file_count == 0 )); then
echo "SKIPPED_RESOURCES:$split_name:no-extractable-files"
continue
fi
# Copy res/ contents if present
res_copied=0
if [[ -d "$TMPDIR_RES/res" ]]; then
# Copy resource directories (values-*, drawable-*, etc.)
for res_subdir in "$TMPDIR_RES/res/"*; do
[[ -d "$res_subdir" ]] || continue
subdir_name=$(basename "$res_subdir")
mkdir -p "$DECODED_DIR/res/$subdir_name"
for res_file in "$res_subdir/"*; do
[[ -f "$res_file" ]] || continue
# Don't overwrite existing resources from the base APK
target="$DECODED_DIR/res/$subdir_name/$(basename "$res_file")"
if [[ ! -f "$target" ]]; then
cp "$res_file" "$target"
(( res_copied++ ))
fi
done
done
fi
# Copy assets/ contents if present
assets_copied=0
if [[ -d "$TMPDIR_RES/assets" ]]; then
mkdir -p "$DECODED_DIR/assets"
while IFS= read -r -d '' asset_file; do
rel_path="${asset_file#$TMPDIR_RES/assets/}"
target="$DECODED_DIR/assets/$rel_path"
if [[ ! -f "$target" ]]; then
mkdir -p "$(dirname "$target")"
cp "$asset_file" "$target"
(( assets_copied++ ))
fi
done < <(find "$TMPDIR_RES/assets" -type f -print0 2>/dev/null)
fi
total_copied=$(( res_copied + assets_copied ))
if (( total_copied > 0 )); then
ok "Merged $total_copied files from $split_name"
echo "MERGE_RESOURCES:$split_name ($total_copied files)"
else
echo "SKIPPED_RESOURCES:$split_name:all-files-already-exist-in-base"
fi
done
cleanup_res
trap - EXIT
fi
echo
# =====================================================================
# Step 3: Patch AndroidManifest.xml
# =====================================================================
echo "=== Step 3: Patch AndroidManifest.xml ==="
MANIFEST="$DECODED_DIR/AndroidManifest.xml"
if [[ ! -f "$MANIFEST" ]]; then
fail "AndroidManifest.xml not found in $DECODED_DIR"
exit 1
fi
# 3a: Remove android:isSplitRequired="true" → set to "false"
if grep -q 'android:isSplitRequired="true"' "$MANIFEST"; then
sed -i 's/android:isSplitRequired="true"/android:isSplitRequired="false"/g' "$MANIFEST"
ok "Patched: isSplitRequired=true → false"
echo "MANIFEST_CLEANED:isSplitRequired"
fi
# 3b: Remove split-related <meta-data> elements
# Each pattern removes the entire <meta-data ... /> tag (single-line or multi-line)
declare -a meta_names=(
"com.android.vending.splits.required"
"com.android.vending.splits"
"com.android.vending.derived.apk.id"
"com.android.stamp.source"
"com.android.stamp.type"
)
for meta_name in "${meta_names[@]}"; do
if grep -q "android:name=\"$meta_name\"" "$MANIFEST"; then
# Remove single-line <meta-data ... />
sed -i "/<meta-data[^>]*android:name=\"$meta_name\"[^>]*\/>/d" "$MANIFEST"
# Remove multi-line <meta-data ... > ... </meta-data> (rare but handle it)
# Use a simple approach: remove lines containing the meta-data name within meta-data blocks
sed -i "/<meta-data[^>]*android:name=\"$meta_name\"/,/<\/meta-data>/d" "$MANIFEST"
ok "Removed: <meta-data android:name=\"$meta_name\">"
echo "MANIFEST_CLEANED:$meta_name"
fi
done
# 3c: Remove hasFragileUserData if present (split-related cleanup)
if grep -q 'android:hasFragileUserData' "$MANIFEST"; then
sed -i 's/ *android:hasFragileUserData="[^"]*"//g' "$MANIFEST"
info "Removed: android:hasFragileUserData (split-related)"
fi
# 3d: Fix extractNativeLibs — change false to true when we have merged native libs
if [[ -d "$DECODED_DIR/lib" ]] && [[ -n "$(ls -A "$DECODED_DIR/lib/" 2>/dev/null)" ]]; then
if grep -q 'android:extractNativeLibs="false"' "$MANIFEST"; then
sed -i 's/android:extractNativeLibs="false"/android:extractNativeLibs="true"/g' "$MANIFEST"
ok "Patched: extractNativeLibs=false → true (required for merged native libs)"
echo "MANIFEST_CLEANED:extractNativeLibs→true"
elif ! grep -q 'android:extractNativeLibs' "$MANIFEST"; then
# Add extractNativeLibs="true" to the <application> tag
sed -i 's/<application/<application android:extractNativeLibs="true"/' "$MANIFEST"
ok "Added: extractNativeLibs=true to <application>"
echo "MANIFEST_CLEANED:extractNativeLibs→true (added)"
fi
fi
# 3e: Remove android:splitTypes attribute if present
if grep -q 'android:splitTypes=' "$MANIFEST"; then
sed -i 's/ *android:splitTypes="[^"]*"//g' "$MANIFEST"
ok "Removed: android:splitTypes"
echo "MANIFEST_CLEANED:splitTypes"
fi
# 3f: Remove android:requiredSplitTypes attribute if present
if grep -q 'android:requiredSplitTypes=' "$MANIFEST"; then
sed -i 's/ *android:requiredSplitTypes="[^"]*"//g' "$MANIFEST"
ok "Removed: android:requiredSplitTypes"
echo "MANIFEST_CLEANED:requiredSplitTypes"
fi
echo
# =====================================================================
# Step 4: Create merge marker
# =====================================================================
echo "=== Step 4: Finalize ==="
# Create .merged marker so rebuild-apk.sh knows to produce a single APK
touch "$XAPK_ORIGIN_DIR/.merged"
ok "Created merge marker: $XAPK_ORIGIN_DIR/.merged"
# Write merge metadata
merged_ts=$(date -u +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ" 2>/dev/null || date +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
{
echo "{"
echo " \"merged_timestamp\": \"$merged_ts\","
echo " \"abi_splits_merged\": ${#abi_splits[@]},"
echo " \"resource_splits_merged\": ${#resource_splits[@]},"
echo " \"feature_splits_skipped\": ${#feature_splits[@]},"
echo " \"skip_resources\": $SKIP_RESOURCES"
echo "}"
} > "$XAPK_ORIGIN_DIR/.merged-metadata.json"
echo
echo "=== Merge Complete ==="
# Summary
echo
echo "Merged splits into: $DECODED_DIR"
if (( ${#feature_splits[@]} > 0 )); then
echo
echo "WARNING: ${#feature_splits[@]} feature module split(s) could NOT be merged."
echo " Feature modules contain their own DEX code and manifest entries."
echo " The merged APK may be missing functionality from these modules."
for fs in "${feature_splits[@]}"; do
echo " - $(basename "$fs")"
done
fi
echo
echo "MERGE_COMPLETE:$DECODED_DIR"
echo
echo "Next: rebuild with --single-apk flag or let rebuild-apk.sh auto-detect the .merged marker."
echo " rebuild-apk.sh $DECODED_DIR --auto-keystore"
exit 0
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