hermes-agent/cron/lifecycle_guard.py

445 lines
18 KiB
Python

"""Gateway lifecycle guard for cron job creation (#30719).
An agent running inside a gateway can schedule a cron job that calls
``hermes gateway restart`` (or ``launchctl kickstart ai.hermes.gateway``
or ``systemctl restart hermes-gateway``). When the cron fires, the
gateway dies, the supervisor (launchd KeepAlive / systemd Restart=)
revives it, auto-resume picks up the offending session, and the resumed
turn re-runs the same logic — a SIGTERM-respawn loop every ~10 seconds
until manually broken.
This module rejects cron job specs whose prompt or script contains a
direct shell-level gateway-lifecycle command. It is enforced at
``cron.jobs.create_job`` so it fires on every job-creation path: the
``hermes cron create`` CLI subcommand AND the agent's ``cronjob`` model
tool (which calls ``create_job`` directly, bypassing the CLI layer).
The pattern is intentionally command-shaped: it anchors on a concrete
command identifier (``hermes gateway``, ``launchctl ... hermes-gateway``,
``systemctl ... hermes-gateway``, ``pkill`` against the gateway) so it
cannot fire on prose. A cron ``prompt`` is fed to a future LLM, not a
shell, so an over-broad substring match on English ("Kong API gateway
autoscaling and restart behavior") would produce a high false-positive
rate without preventing the actual foot-gun, which requires a real
command shape.
This is a defence-in-depth layer. ``tools/terminal_tool.py`` blocks direct
commands and shell scripts they reference when ``_HERMES_GATEWAY=1``. It also
rejects ``launchctl submit`` in gateway sessions because launchd treats that
primitive as a persistent KeepAlive job, not a one-shot task. ``hermes gateway
stop|restart`` separately refuse to self-target from inside the gateway.
Blocking cron specs at creation time as well means the agent gets an immediate,
informative rejection instead of scheduling a job that will only fail
(silently) when it fires.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import os
import re
import shlex
import stat
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Callable, Iterator, Optional
class GatewayLifecycleBlocked(ValueError):
"""Raised when a cron job spec contains a gateway-lifecycle command."""
# Shell-level command shapes that target the gateway lifecycle. Each branch
# is anchored on a concrete command identifier so a match can only fire on
# actual shell-command-shaped strings, not on prose.
_GATEWAY_LIFECYCLE_PATTERN = re.compile(
r"(?i)"
# Branch A: `hermes gateway restart|stop` — the canonical foot-gun.
# `start` is intentionally excluded: starting a gateway from inside a
# gateway is benign (a no-op or "already running" error), and a
# legitimate cron job might start a sibling profile's gateway.
r"(?:hermes\s+gateway\s+(?:restart|stop))"
# Branch B: launchctl ops on a hermes-gateway label. macOS launchd
# labels look like `ai.hermes.gateway` / `hermes-gateway`. Requiring the
# gateway identifier prevents blocking unrelated hermes services (e.g.
# `launchctl unload ai.hermes.update-checker.plist`).
# `submit` and `bootstrap` are included alongside the direct verbs
# (kickstart/etc.): `launchctl submit -l ai.hermes.gateway-<suffix> --
# <helper-script>` (or `launchctl bootstrap gui/<uid> <plist>`) creates
# a NEW keepalive job wrapping an arbitrary helper, which is how a
# blocked direct restart/kill gets laundered into a persistent restart
# loop instead (#62891) — same foot-gun, indirect shape. Neutral-label
# submissions that dodge this text anchor are caught separately by
# `contains_launchctl_submit_command` (execution-aware, label-independent).
r"|(?:launchctl\s+(?:kickstart|unload|load|stop|restart|submit|bootstrap)\b[^\n]*\bhermes[.\-]?gateway)"
# Branch C: systemctl ops on a hermes-gateway unit.
r"|(?:systemctl\s+(?:-\S+\s+)*(?:restart|stop|start)\b[^\n]*\bhermes[.\-]?gateway)"
# Branch D: pkill / kill targeting the hermes gateway process. Both
# token orders because real reproductions show both.
r"|(?:p?kill\b[^\n]*\bhermes\b[^\n]*\bgateway)"
r"|(?:p?kill\b[^\n]*\bgateway\b[^\n]*\bhermes)"
)
# A backslash immediately followed by a newline is a POSIX shell line
# continuation — the shell joins the two lines before parsing. Every branch
# above uses `[^\n]*` between its verb and the gateway identifier so the
# match can't span unrelated lines of a longer cron prompt/script, but that
# also means a real multi-line shell invocation split across continuation
# lines (e.g. `launchctl submit \` / ` -l ai.hermes.gateway-... \` / ` -- ...`,
# the exact reported shape in #62891) would otherwise slip past. Collapse
# continuations to a single space before matching, mirroring what the shell
# itself does, rather than loosening `[^\n]*` and risking false positives
# across genuinely separate lines.
_SHELL_LINE_CONTINUATION = re.compile(r"\\\r?\n[ \t]*")
def contains_gateway_lifecycle_command(text: str) -> bool:
"""Return True if *text* contains a gateway lifecycle command pattern."""
if not text:
return False
normalized = _SHELL_LINE_CONTINUATION.sub(" ", text)
return bool(_GATEWAY_LIFECYCLE_PATTERN.search(normalized))
_SHELL_EXECUTABLES = frozenset({"sh", "bash", "dash", "ksh", "zsh"})
_SHELL_OPTIONS_WITH_VALUES = frozenset({"-O", "+O", "-o", "+o"})
_MAX_REFERENCED_SCRIPT_BYTES = 1024 * 1024
_MAX_REFERENCED_SCRIPT_DEPTH = 8
_CONTROL_CHARS = frozenset(";&|()")
_ReadRemoteScriptFn = Callable[[str], Optional[str]]
def _iter_command_segments(command: str) -> Iterator[list[str]]:
"""Yield shell-tokenized command segments, honoring quotes and comments."""
normalized = command.replace("\\\n", "")
for line in normalized.splitlines() or [normalized]:
try:
lexer = shlex.shlex(
line,
posix=True,
punctuation_chars=";&|()",
)
lexer.whitespace_split = True
lexer.commenters = "#"
tokens = list(lexer)
except ValueError:
continue
segment: list[str] = []
for token in tokens:
if token and set(token) <= _CONTROL_CHARS:
if segment:
yield segment
segment = []
continue
segment.append(token)
if segment:
yield segment
def _command_token_index(segment: list[str]) -> Optional[int]:
"""Return the executable token index after simple env assignments."""
for index, token in enumerate(segment):
if re.match(r"^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*=", token):
continue
return index
return None
def contains_launchctl_submit_command(command: str) -> bool:
"""Detect an executed ``launchctl submit``/``bootstrap``, not quoted text.
Label-independent by design: the label of a submitted/bootstrapped job is
chosen by whoever writes it, so a neutral name (``ai.hermes.svc-reload-tmp``)
defeats any label-anchored regex (#62891, second reproduction). Both verbs
register a NEW persistent launchd job (``submit`` jobs get KeepAlive
semantics; ``bootstrap`` loads an arbitrary plist), which is never safe to
do from inside the gateway process.
"""
for segment in _iter_command_segments(command):
index = _command_token_index(segment)
if index is None:
continue
if Path(segment[index]).name == "launchctl":
arguments = segment[index + 1 :]
if arguments and arguments[0].lower() in {"submit", "bootstrap"}:
return True
return False
def _resolve_terminal_script_path(candidate: str, cwd: Optional[str]) -> Path:
path = Path(candidate).expanduser()
if not path.is_absolute():
path = Path(cwd or Path.cwd()) / path
return path
def _iter_referenced_shell_scripts(
command: str,
*,
cwd: Optional[str] = None,
) -> Iterator[Path]:
"""Yield scripts executed directly or through a POSIX shell."""
for segment in _iter_command_segments(command):
index = _command_token_index(segment)
if index is None:
continue
executable = segment[index]
executable_name = Path(executable).name
if executable_name in {".", "source"}:
if len(segment) > index + 1:
yield _resolve_terminal_script_path(segment[index + 1], cwd)
continue
if executable_name in _SHELL_EXECUTABLES:
arguments = segment[index + 1 :]
arg_index = 0
while arg_index < len(arguments):
argument = arguments[arg_index]
if argument == "--":
arg_index += 1
break
if argument in {"-c", "--command"}:
break
if argument in _SHELL_OPTIONS_WITH_VALUES:
arg_index += 2
continue
if argument.startswith("-"):
arg_index += 1
continue
break
if arg_index < len(arguments) and arguments[arg_index] not in {
"-c",
"--command",
}:
yield _resolve_terminal_script_path(arguments[arg_index], cwd)
continue
# A bare "/" token is pathlib's division operator in Python sources
# (e.g. `Path.home() / ".hermes"`), not an executable reference.
# Resolving it walks to the filesystem root and fails the
# regular-file check below, hard-blocking innocent .py scripts
# (#77131). Skip pure-separator tokens.
if executable.strip("/"):
if "/" in executable or executable.endswith((".sh", ".bash", ".zsh")):
yield _resolve_terminal_script_path(executable, cwd)
def _iter_shell_command_payloads(command: str) -> Iterator[str]:
"""Yield code passed through ``sh|bash|... -c`` for recursive scanning."""
for segment in _iter_command_segments(command):
index = _command_token_index(segment)
if index is None or Path(segment[index]).name not in _SHELL_EXECUTABLES:
continue
arguments = segment[index + 1 :]
for arg_index, argument in enumerate(arguments[:-1]):
if argument in {"-c", "--command"}:
yield arguments[arg_index + 1]
break
def _resolve_script_directory(script_path: str) -> Optional[str]:
"""Return the directory *script_path* resolves to, handling relative names."""
try:
path = _resolve_script_path(script_path)
if path.is_absolute():
return str(path.parent)
except Exception:
pass
return None
def _read_referenced_script(path: Path) -> tuple[Optional[str], bool]:
"""Return ``(text, unsafe)`` using bounded, regular-file-only reads."""
flags = os.O_RDONLY | getattr(os, "O_NONBLOCK", 0)
try:
descriptor = os.open(path, flags)
except OSError:
return None, False
try:
metadata = os.fstat(descriptor)
if not stat.S_ISREG(metadata.st_mode):
return None, True
# Read a bounded chunk first — even for oversized files, the first
# chunk tells us if this is a binary (NUL bytes) that should be
# skipped as "nothing to scan" rather than failing closed (#76762).
data = os.read(descriptor, _MAX_REFERENCED_SCRIPT_BYTES + 1)
except OSError:
return None, False
finally:
os.close(descriptor)
# A NUL byte in the first chunk means this is a binary (ELF/Mach-O/
# PE), not a shell script — scanning its decoded contents would
# tokenize machine code and feed junk paths into the recursion
# (including a `ValueError: embedded null byte` from Path.resolve,
# #76762). Treat it as "nothing to scan" rather than unsafe: a binary
# executed by the user is not a referenced *shell script*.
if b"\x00" in data:
return None, False
if len(data) > _MAX_REFERENCED_SCRIPT_BYTES:
return None, True
return data.decode("utf-8", errors="replace"), False
def _contains_unsafe_gateway_action(
command: str,
*,
cwd: Optional[str],
depth: int,
visited: set[Path],
read_remote_script: Optional[_ReadRemoteScriptFn] = None,
) -> bool:
if contains_gateway_lifecycle_command(command) or contains_launchctl_submit_command(
command
):
return True
if depth >= _MAX_REFERENCED_SCRIPT_DEPTH:
return True
for payload in _iter_shell_command_payloads(command):
if _contains_unsafe_gateway_action(
payload,
cwd=cwd,
depth=depth + 1,
visited=visited,
read_remote_script=read_remote_script,
):
return True
for script_path in _iter_referenced_shell_scripts(command, cwd=cwd):
try:
resolved = script_path.resolve(strict=False)
except (OSError, ValueError):
# OSError: unreadable/long paths. ValueError: embedded NUL byte
# from a binary's decoded contents tokenized as a path — a
# guarded path must never crash the guard (#76762).
resolved = script_path
if resolved in visited:
continue
visited.add(resolved)
script_text, unsafe = _read_referenced_script(script_path)
if unsafe:
return True
if script_text is None and read_remote_script is not None:
# Local path missing; try the remote backend if one is available.
script_text = read_remote_script(str(script_path))
if not script_text:
continue
# Relative references inside a script resolve against that script's
# directory, not the original command's cwd.
script_dir = _resolve_script_directory(str(resolved)) or cwd
if script_text and _contains_unsafe_gateway_action(
script_text,
cwd=script_dir,
depth=depth + 1,
visited=visited,
read_remote_script=read_remote_script,
):
return True
return False
def contains_gateway_lifecycle_command_or_referenced_script(
command: str,
*,
cwd: Optional[str] = None,
read_remote_script: Optional[_ReadRemoteScriptFn] = None,
) -> bool:
"""Detect lifecycle/submit commands, including bounded nested scripts."""
return _contains_unsafe_gateway_action(
command,
cwd=cwd,
depth=0,
visited=set(),
read_remote_script=read_remote_script,
)
def _resolve_script_path(script_path: str) -> Path:
"""Resolve a cron ``script`` value the same way the scheduler does.
The scheduler (``cron.scheduler``) resolves a bare/relative script path
under ``<HERMES_HOME>/scripts/`` and only accepts absolute paths as-is.
We MUST mirror that here so the guard scans the file that will actually
run — otherwise a job whose script lives at the scheduler's real location
(``~/.hermes/scripts/restart.sh``) but is passed as the bare name
``restart.sh`` would read as a nonexistent relative path and silently
scan prompt-only content, letting the command through.
"""
from hermes_constants import get_hermes_home
raw = Path(script_path).expanduser()
if raw.is_absolute():
return raw
return get_hermes_home() / "scripts" / raw
def _read_script_for_scanning(script_path: str) -> str:
"""Read a cron script with the bounded terminal-script scanner.
Non-regular or oversized inputs fail closed by returning a lifecycle-shaped
sentinel, while missing/unreadable paths remain empty so ordinary scheduler
path validation can report them.
"""
script_text, unsafe = _read_referenced_script(_resolve_script_path(script_path))
if unsafe:
return "hermes gateway restart"
return script_text or ""
def check_gateway_lifecycle(
prompt: Optional[str],
script: Optional[str] = None,
) -> None:
"""Raise ``GatewayLifecycleBlocked`` if *prompt* or *script* contains a
gateway-lifecycle command pattern.
``prompt`` is scanned directly. ``script``, when supplied, is read from
disk and concatenated for the scan. Both are considered together so a
job cannot slip through by splitting the command across the prompt and
the script.
Callers should let the exception propagate when they want the create to
fail with a ``ValueError``-shaped error (the agent's ``cronjob`` tool
surfaces this as a tool error; the CLI prints it in red and exits 1).
"""
combined = prompt or ""
python_script = False
if script:
python_script = _resolve_script_path(script).suffix == ".py"
script_text = _read_script_for_scanning(script)
if script_text:
combined = f"{combined}\n{script_text}"
if python_script:
# Python is executed by the interpreter, never through a POSIX
# shell: the shell-script reference walk is a false-positive
# generator on Python sources (pathlib's "/" operator resolves to
# the filesystem root and trips the regular-file check, blocking
# every innocent .py cron script, #77131). The direct command
# regex below still scans the full text, so a literal
# `hermes gateway restart` embedded in a .py script is still
# blocked. Non-regular/oversized script files still fail closed
# via the lifecycle-shaped sentinel in _read_script_for_scanning.
unsafe = contains_gateway_lifecycle_command(combined)
else:
script_dir = _resolve_script_directory(script) if script else None
unsafe = contains_gateway_lifecycle_command_or_referenced_script(
combined,
cwd=script_dir,
)
if unsafe:
raise GatewayLifecycleBlocked(
"Blocked: cron job contains a gateway lifecycle command or persistent "
"launchctl submit operation. This is blocked to prevent agent-driven "
"SIGTERM-respawn loops under launchd/systemd supervision "
"(#30719). Run `hermes gateway restart` from a shell outside "
"the running gateway instead."
)