diff --git a/direct/src/actor/Actor.py b/direct/src/actor/Actor.py
index cfff9860d7..74cb07937f 100644
--- a/direct/src/actor/Actor.py
+++ b/direct/src/actor/Actor.py
@@ -2058,7 +2058,7 @@ class Actor(DirectObject, NodePath):
                 if otherPartName != partName and otherPartDef.truePartName == parent:
                     joints = self.getOverlappingJoints(partName, otherPartName)
                     if joints:
-                        raise StandardError, 'Overlapping joints: %s and %s' % (partName, otherPartName)
+                        raise Exception('Overlapping joints: %s and %s' % (partName, otherPartName))
 
     def setSubpartsComplete(self, flag):
 
diff --git a/direct/src/directdevices/DirectRadamec.py b/direct/src/directdevices/DirectRadamec.py
index 65880be00f..2f9a2495f1 100644
--- a/direct/src/directdevices/DirectRadamec.py
+++ b/direct/src/directdevices/DirectRadamec.py
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class DirectRadamec(DirectObject):
             maxRange = self.maxRange[chan]
             minRange = self.minRange[chan]
         except IndexError:
-            raise RuntimeError, "can't normalize this channel (chanel %d)" % chan
+            raise RuntimeError("can't normalize this channel (channel %d)" % chan)
         range = maxRange - minRange
         clampedVal = CLAMP(self.aList[chan], minRange, maxRange)
         return ((maxVal - minVal) * (clampedVal - minRange) / range) + minVal
diff --git a/direct/src/directnotify/Notifier.py b/direct/src/directnotify/Notifier.py
index a49bbf0d03..a0dcc511ad 100644
--- a/direct/src/directnotify/Notifier.py
+++ b/direct/src/directnotify/Notifier.py
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class Notifier:
             return NSError
 
     # error funcs
-    def error(self, errorString, exception=StandardError):
+    def error(self, errorString, exception=Exception):
         """
         Raise an exception with given string and optional type:
         Exception: error
diff --git a/direct/src/directscripts/gendocs.py b/direct/src/directscripts/gendocs.py
index edf402382c..7770203de4 100644
--- a/direct/src/directscripts/gendocs.py
+++ b/direct/src/directscripts/gendocs.py
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ def findFiles(dirlist, ext, ign, list):
     for dir in dirlist:
         for file in os.listdir(dir):
             full = dir + "/" + file
-            if (ign.has_key(full)==0) and (ign.has_key(file)==0):
+            if full not in ign and file not in ign:
                 if (os.path.isfile(full)):
                     if (file.endswith(ext)):
                         list.append(full)
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ def textToHTML(comment, sep, delsection=None):
             sec = sec.replace("  "," ")
             if (delsection != None) and (delsection.match(sec)):
                 included[sec] = 1
-            if (included.has_key(sec)==0):
+            if sec not in included:
                 included[sec] = 1
                 total = total + sec + "<br>\n"
     return total
@@ -341,14 +341,14 @@ class InterrogateDatabase:
 def printTree(tree, indent):
     spacing = "                                                        "[:indent]
     if isinstance(tree, types.TupleType) and isinstance(tree[0], types.IntType):
-        if symbol.sym_name.has_key(tree[0]):
+        if tree[0] in symbol.sym_name:
             for i in range(len(tree)):
                 if (i==0):
                     print spacing + "(symbol." + symbol.sym_name[tree[0]] + ","
                 else:
                     printTree(tree[i], indent+1)
             print spacing + "),"
-        elif token.tok_name.has_key(tree[0]):
+        elif tree[0] in token.tok_name:
             print spacing + "(token." + token.tok_name[tree[0]] + ", '" + tree[1] + "'),"
         else:
             print spacing + str(tree)
@@ -535,10 +535,10 @@ class ParseTreeInfo:
 
     def extract_tokens(self, str, tree):
         if (isinstance(tree, types.TupleType)):
-            if (token.tok_name.has_key(tree[0])):
+            if tree[0] in token.tok_name:
                 str = str + tree[1]
                 if (tree[1]==","): str=str+" "
-            elif (symbol.sym_name.has_key(tree[0])):
+            elif tree[0] in symbol.sym_name:
                 for sub in tree[1:]:
                     str = self.extract_tokens(str, sub)
         return str
@@ -569,7 +569,7 @@ class CodeDatabase:
             tokzr = InterrogateTokenizer(cxx)
             idb = InterrogateDatabase(tokzr)
             for type in idb.types.values():
-                if (type.flags & 8192) or (self.types.has_key(type.scopedname)==0):
+                if (type.flags & 8192) or type.scopedname not in self.types:
                     self.types[type.scopedname] = type
                 if (type.flags & 8192) and (type.atomictype == 0) and (type.scopedname.count(" ")==0) and (type.scopedname.count(":")==0):
                     self.goodtypes[type.scopedname] = type
@@ -706,7 +706,7 @@ class CodeDatabase:
     def getFunctionPrototype(self, fn, urlprefix, urlsuffix):
         func = self.funcs.get(fn)
         if (isinstance(func, InterrogateFunction)):
-            if self.formattedprotos.has_key(fn):
+            if fn in self.formattedprotos:
                 proto = self.formattedprotos[fn]
             else:
                 proto = func.prototype
@@ -864,7 +864,7 @@ def generate(pversion, indirlist, directdirlist, docdir, header, footer, urlpref
                 body = body + generateFunctionDocs(code, method, urlprefix, urlsuffix)
         body = header + body + footer
         writeFile(docdir + "/" + type + ".html", body)
-        if (CLASS_RENAME_DICT.has_key(type)):
+        if type in CLASS_RENAME_DICT:
             modtype = CLASS_RENAME_DICT[type]
             writeFile(docdir + "/" + modtype + ".html", body)
             xclasses.append(modtype)
@@ -892,8 +892,10 @@ def generate(pversion, indirlist, directdirlist, docdir, header, footer, urlpref
         for method in code.getClassMethods(type)[:]:
             name = code.getFunctionName(method)
             prefix = name[0].upper()
-            if (table.has_key(prefix)==0): table[prefix] = {}
-            if (table[prefix].has_key(name)==0): table[prefix][name] = []
+            if prefix not in table:
+                table[prefix] = {}
+            if name not in table[prefix]:
+                table[prefix][name] = []
             table[prefix][name].append(type)
 
     index = "<h1>List of Methods - Panda " + pversion + "</h1>\n"
@@ -971,13 +973,13 @@ def expandImports(indirlist, directdirlist, fixdirlist):
                     print fixfile+" : "+module+" : repairing"
                     for x in funcExports:
                         fn = code.getFunctionName(x)
-                        if (used.has_key(fn)):
+                        if fn in used:
                             result.append("from "+module+" import "+fn)
                     for x in typeExports:
-                        if (used.has_key(x)):
+                        if x in used:
                             result.append("from "+module+" import "+x)
                     for x in varExports:
-                        if (used.has_key(x)):
+                        if x in used:
                             result.append("from "+module+" import "+x)
             else:
                 result.append(line)
diff --git a/direct/src/distributed/ConnectionRepository.py b/direct/src/distributed/ConnectionRepository.py
index 3ff327a5b4..8af690357a 100644
--- a/direct/src/distributed/ConnectionRepository.py
+++ b/direct/src/distributed/ConnectionRepository.py
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ class ConnectionRepository(
                 if hasattr(module, symbolName):
                     dcImports[symbolName] = getattr(module, symbolName)
                 else:
-                    raise StandardError, 'Symbol %s not defined in module %s.' % (symbolName, moduleName)
+                    raise Exception('Symbol %s not defined in module %s.' % (symbolName, moduleName))
         else:
             # "import moduleName"
 
diff --git a/direct/src/distributed/ServerRepository.py b/direct/src/distributed/ServerRepository.py
index 613b88788f..7dcd5add72 100644
--- a/direct/src/distributed/ServerRepository.py
+++ b/direct/src/distributed/ServerRepository.py
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ class ServerRepository:
                     dcImports[symbolName] = getattr(module, symbolName)
 
                 else:
-                    raise StandardError, 'Symbol %s not defined in module %s.' % (symbolName, moduleName)
+                    raise Exception('Symbol %s not defined in module %s.' % (symbolName, moduleName))
 
         else:
             # "import moduleName"
diff --git a/direct/src/extensions_native/extension_native_helpers.py b/direct/src/extensions_native/extension_native_helpers.py
index c6747e7272..d248f1f193 100644
--- a/direct/src/extensions_native/extension_native_helpers.py
+++ b/direct/src/extensions_native/extension_native_helpers.py
@@ -11,8 +11,10 @@ def Dtool_funcToMethod(func, cls, method_name=None):
     The new method is accessible to any instance immediately."""
     if sys.version_info < (3, 0):
         func.im_class = cls
-    func.im_func = func
-    func.im_self = None
+        func.im_func = func
+        func.im_self = None
+    func.__func__ = func
+    func.__self__ = None
     if not method_name:
         method_name = func.__name__
     cls.DtoolClassDict[method_name] = func
diff --git a/direct/src/fsm/FSM.py b/direct/src/fsm/FSM.py
index 1c0465b74d..2f9967783e 100644
--- a/direct/src/fsm/FSM.py
+++ b/direct/src/fsm/FSM.py
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ class FSM(DirectObject):
     def getCurrentFilter(self):
         if not self.state:
             error = "FSM cannot determine current filter while in transition (%s -> %s)." % (self.oldState, self.newState)
-            raise AlreadyInTransition, error
+            raise AlreadyInTransition(error)
 
         filter = getattr(self, "filter" + self.state, None)
         if not filter:
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ class FSM(DirectObject):
                 return
 
             if not self.request(request, *args):
-                raise RequestDenied, "%s (from state: %s)" % (request, self.state)
+                raise RequestDenied("%s (from state: %s)" % (request, self.state))
         finally:
             self.fsmLock.release()
 
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ class FSM(DirectObject):
                 self.name, request, str(args)[1:]))
 
             filter = self.getCurrentFilter()
-            result = filter(request, args)
+            result = list(filter(request, args))
             if result:
                 if isinstance(result, types.StringTypes):
                     # If the return value is a string, it's just the name
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ class FSM(DirectObject):
             # request) not listed in defaultTransitions and not
             # handled by an earlier filter.
             if request[0].isupper():
-                raise RequestDenied, "%s (from state: %s)" % (request, self.state)
+                raise RequestDenied("%s (from state: %s)" % (request, self.state))
 
         # In either case, we quietly ignore unhandled command
         # (lowercase) requests.
diff --git a/direct/src/fsm/State.py b/direct/src/fsm/State.py
index 3be6501002..44a17080f8 100644
--- a/direct/src/fsm/State.py
+++ b/direct/src/fsm/State.py
@@ -30,18 +30,18 @@ class State(DirectObject):
                 exitFunc = state.getExitFunc()
                 # print 'testing: ', state, enterFunc, exitFunc, oldFunction
                 if type(enterFunc) == types.MethodType:
-                    if (enterFunc.im_func == oldFunction):
+                    if enterFunc.__func__ == oldFunction:
                         # print 'found: ', enterFunc, oldFunction
                         state.setEnterFunc(types.MethodType(newFunction,
-                                                            enterFunc.im_self,
-                                                            enterFunc.im_class))
+                                                            enterFunc.__self__,
+                                                            enterFunc.__self__.__class__))
                         count += 1
                 if type(exitFunc) == types.MethodType:
-                    if (exitFunc.im_func == oldFunction):
+                    if exitFunc.__func__ == oldFunction:
                         # print 'found: ', exitFunc, oldFunction
                         state.setExitFunc(types.MethodType(newFunction,
-                                                           exitFunc.im_self,
-                                                           exitFunc.im_class))
+                                                           exitFunc.__self__,
+                                                           exitFunc.__self__.__class__))
                         count += 1
             return count
 
diff --git a/direct/src/gui/DirectGuiBase.py b/direct/src/gui/DirectGuiBase.py
index 41322bcdff..2c67136535 100644
--- a/direct/src/gui/DirectGuiBase.py
+++ b/direct/src/gui/DirectGuiBase.py
@@ -258,8 +258,8 @@ class DirectGuiBase(DirectObject.DirectObject):
                     text = 'Unknown option "'
                 else:
                     text = 'Unknown options "'
-                raise KeyError, text + ', '.join(unusedOptions) + \
-                        '" for ' + myClass.__name__
+                raise KeyError(text + ', '.join(unusedOptions) + \
+                        '" for ' + myClass.__name__)
             # Can now call post init func
             self.postInitialiseFunc()
 
@@ -399,8 +399,8 @@ class DirectGuiBase(DirectObject.DirectObject):
 
                         if len(componentConfigFuncs) == 0 and \
                                 component not in self._dynamicGroups:
-                            raise KeyError, 'Unknown option "' + option + \
-                                    '" for ' + self.__class__.__name__
+                            raise KeyError('Unknown option "' + option + \
+                                    '" for ' + self.__class__.__name__)
 
                     # Add the configure method(s) (may be more than
                     # one if this is configuring a component group)
@@ -413,8 +413,8 @@ class DirectGuiBase(DirectObject.DirectObject):
                         indirectOptions[componentConfigFunc][componentOption] \
                                 = value
                 else:
-                    raise KeyError, 'Unknown option "' + option + \
-                            '" for ' + self.__class__.__name__
+                    raise KeyError('Unknown option "' + option + \
+                            '" for ' + self.__class__.__name__)
 
         # Call the configure methods for any components.
         # Pass in the dictionary of keyword/values created above
@@ -468,8 +468,8 @@ class DirectGuiBase(DirectObject.DirectObject):
                             return componentCget(componentOption)
 
         # Option not found
-        raise KeyError, 'Unknown option "' + option + \
-                '" for ' + self.__class__.__name__
+        raise KeyError('Unknown option "' + option + \
+                '" for ' + self.__class__.__name__)
 
     # Allow index style refererences
     __getitem__ = cget
@@ -481,8 +481,7 @@ class DirectGuiBase(DirectObject.DirectObject):
         """
         # Check for invalid component name
         if '_' in componentName:
-            raise ValueError, \
-                    'Component name "%s" must not contain "_"' % componentName
+            raise ValueError('Component name "%s" must not contain "_"' % componentName)
 
         # Get construction keywords
         if hasattr(self, '_constructorKeywords'):
diff --git a/direct/src/gui/DirectScrollBar.py b/direct/src/gui/DirectScrollBar.py
index a2a6f70ab2..acdc0a9c95 100644
--- a/direct/src/gui/DirectScrollBar.py
+++ b/direct/src/gui/DirectScrollBar.py
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ class DirectScrollBar(DirectFrame):
         elif self['orientation'] == DGG.VERTICAL_INVERTED:
             self.guiItem.setAxis(Vec3(0, 0, 1))
         else:
-            raise ValueError, 'Invalid value for orientation: %s' % (self['orientation'])
+            raise ValueError('Invalid value for orientation: %s' % (self['orientation']))
 
     def setManageButtons(self):
         self.guiItem.setManagePieces(self['manageButtons'])
diff --git a/direct/src/gui/DirectSlider.py b/direct/src/gui/DirectSlider.py
index 40737e6c9f..4fdc0588c8 100644
--- a/direct/src/gui/DirectSlider.py
+++ b/direct/src/gui/DirectSlider.py
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ class DirectSlider(DirectFrame):
         elif self['orientation'] == DGG.VERTICAL:
             self.guiItem.setAxis(Vec3(0, 0, 1))
         else:
-            raise ValueError, 'Invalid value for orientation: %s' % (self['orientation'])
+            raise ValueError('Invalid value for orientation: %s' % (self['orientation']))
 
     def destroy(self):
         if (hasattr(self, 'thumb')):
diff --git a/direct/src/interval/FunctionInterval.py b/direct/src/interval/FunctionInterval.py
index 2dc2d7686a..a730373916 100644
--- a/direct/src/interval/FunctionInterval.py
+++ b/direct/src/interval/FunctionInterval.py
@@ -34,11 +34,11 @@ class FunctionInterval(Interval.Interval):
                 # print 'testing: ', ival.function, oldFunction
                 # Note: you can only replace methods currently
                 if type(ival.function) == types.MethodType:
-                    if (ival.function.im_func == oldFunction):
+                    if ival.function.__func__ == oldFunction:
                         # print 'found: ', ival.function, oldFunction
                         ival.function = types.MethodType(newFunction,
-                                                         ival.function.im_self,
-                                                         ival.function.im_class)
+                                                         ival.function.__self__,
+                                                         ival.function.__self__.__class__)
                         count += 1
             return count
 
diff --git a/direct/src/interval/ProjectileInterval.py b/direct/src/interval/ProjectileInterval.py
index d87253a5ad..9b8942d5ab 100755
--- a/direct/src/interval/ProjectileInterval.py
+++ b/direct/src/interval/ProjectileInterval.py
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ class ProjectileInterval(Interval):
     def testTrajectory(self):
         try:
             self.__calcTrajectory(*self.trajectoryArgs)
-        except StandardError:
+        except Exception:
             assert self.notify.error('invalid projectile parameters')
             return False
         return True
diff --git a/direct/src/p3d/AppRunner.py b/direct/src/p3d/AppRunner.py
index 9c6c15631a..0fd46de469 100644
--- a/direct/src/p3d/AppRunner.py
+++ b/direct/src/p3d/AppRunner.py
@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ class AppRunner(DirectObject):
             if not host.hasContentsFile:
                 # This is weird.  How did we launch without having
                 # this file at all?
-                raise OSError, message
+                raise OSError(message)
 
             # Just make it a warning and continue.
             self.notify.warning(message)
@@ -819,20 +819,20 @@ class AppRunner(DirectObject):
                     return self.addPackageInfo(name, platform, version, hostUrl, hostDir = hostDir, recurse = True)
 
             message = "Couldn't find %s %s on %s" % (name, version, hostUrl)
-            raise OSError, message
+            raise OSError(message)
 
         package.checkStatus()
         if not package.downloadDescFile(self.http):
             message = "Couldn't get desc file for %s" % (name)
-            raise OSError, message
+            raise OSError(message)
 
         if not package.downloadPackage(self.http):
             message = "Couldn't download %s" % (name)
-            raise OSError, message
+            raise OSError(message)
 
         if not package.installPackage(self):
             message = "Couldn't install %s" % (name)
-            raise OSError, message
+            raise OSError(message)
 
         if package.guiApp:
             self.guiApp = True
@@ -877,17 +877,17 @@ class AppRunner(DirectObject):
         vfs = VirtualFileSystem.getGlobalPtr()
 
         if not vfs.exists(fname):
-            raise ArgumentError, "No such file: %s" % (p3dFilename)
+            raise ArgumentError("No such file: %s" % (p3dFilename))
 
         fname.makeAbsolute()
         fname.setBinary()
         mf = Multifile()
         if p3dOffset == 0:
             if not mf.openRead(fname):
-                raise ArgumentError, "Not a Panda3D application: %s" % (p3dFilename)
+                raise ArgumentError("Not a Panda3D application: %s" % (p3dFilename))
         else:
             if not mf.openRead(fname, p3dOffset):
-                raise ArgumentError, "Not a Panda3D application: %s at offset: %s" % (p3dFilename, p3dOffset)
+                raise ArgumentError("Not a Panda3D application: %s at offset: %s" % (p3dFilename, p3dOffset))
 
         # Now load the p3dInfo file.
         self.p3dInfo = None
@@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ class AppRunner(DirectObject):
         # The interactiveConsole flag can only be set true if the
         # application has allow_python_dev set.
         if not self.allowPythonDev and interactiveConsole:
-            raise StandardError, "Impossible, interactive_console set without allow_python_dev."
+            raise Exception("Impossible, interactive_console set without allow_python_dev.")
         self.interactiveConsole = interactiveConsole
 
         if self.allowPythonDev:
diff --git a/direct/src/p3d/JavaScript.py b/direct/src/p3d/JavaScript.py
index 3b6d295032..3208b7d7ba 100644
--- a/direct/src/p3d/JavaScript.py
+++ b/direct/src/p3d/JavaScript.py
@@ -13,9 +13,11 @@ class UndefinedObject:
     attributes, similar to None, but it is a slightly different
     concept in JavaScript. """
 
-    def __nonzero__(self):
+    def __bool__(self):
         return False
 
+    __nonzero__ = __bool__ # Python 2
+
     def __str__(self):
         return "Undefined"
 
@@ -83,16 +85,18 @@ class BrowserObject:
     def __str__(self):
         return self.toString()
 
-    def __nonzero__(self):
+    def __bool__(self):
         return True
 
+    __nonzero__ = __bool__ # Python 2
+
     def __call__(self, *args, **kw):
         needsResponse = True
         if 'needsResponse' in kw:
             needsResponse = kw['needsResponse']
             del kw['needsResponse']
         if kw:
-            raise ArgumentError, 'Keyword arguments not supported'
+            raise ArgumentError('Keyword arguments not supported')
 
         try:
             parentObj, attribName = self.__childObject
@@ -242,16 +246,18 @@ class MethodWrapper:
         parentObj, attribName = self.__childObject
         return "%s.%s" % (parentObj, attribName)
 
-    def __nonzero__(self):
+    def __bool__(self):
         return True
 
+    __nonzero__ = __bool__ # Python 2
+
     def __call__(self, *args, **kw):
         needsResponse = True
         if 'needsResponse' in kw:
             needsResponse = kw['needsResponse']
             del kw['needsResponse']
         if kw:
-            raise ArgumentError, 'Keyword arguments not supported'
+            raise ArgumentError('Keyword arguments not supported')
 
         try:
             parentObj, attribName = self.__childObject
diff --git a/direct/src/p3d/PackageInstaller.py b/direct/src/p3d/PackageInstaller.py
index 33527ef94e..cec1e07b11 100644
--- a/direct/src/p3d/PackageInstaller.py
+++ b/direct/src/p3d/PackageInstaller.py
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ class PackageInstaller(DirectObject):
         downloaded.  Call donePackages() to finish the list. """
 
         if self.state != self.S_initial:
-            raise ValueError, 'addPackage called after donePackages'
+            raise ValueError('addPackage called after donePackages')
 
         host = self.appRunner.getHostWithAlt(hostUrl)
         pp = self.PendingPackage(packageName, version, host)
diff --git a/direct/src/p3d/PackageMerger.py b/direct/src/p3d/PackageMerger.py
index a00a3f7d35..9c2e1ac499 100644
--- a/direct/src/p3d/PackageMerger.py
+++ b/direct/src/p3d/PackageMerger.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from panda3d.core import *
 import shutil
 import os
 
-class PackageMergerError(StandardError):
+class PackageMergerError(Exception):
     pass
 
 class PackageMerger:
@@ -102,12 +102,12 @@ class PackageMerger:
             doc = TiXmlDocument(packageDescFullpath.toOsSpecific())
             if not doc.LoadFile():
                 message = "Could not read XML file: %s" % (self.descFile.filename)
-                raise OSError, message
+                raise OSError(message)
 
             xpackage = doc.FirstChildElement('package')
             if not xpackage:
                 message = "No package definition: %s" % (self.descFile.filename)
-                raise OSError, message
+                raise OSError(message)
 
             xcompressed = xpackage.FirstChildElement('compressed_archive')
             if xcompressed:
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ class PackageMerger:
 
         if not self.__readContentsFile(sourceDir, packageNames):
             message = "Couldn't read %s" % (sourceDir)
-            raise PackageMergerError, message
+            raise PackageMergerError(message)
 
     def close(self):
         """ Finalizes the results of all of the previous calls to
diff --git a/direct/src/p3d/Packager.py b/direct/src/p3d/Packager.py
index f7d6855a90..2f1e6a36e1 100644
--- a/direct/src/p3d/Packager.py
+++ b/direct/src/p3d/Packager.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ from direct.directnotify.DirectNotifyGlobal import *
 
 vfs = VirtualFileSystem.getGlobalPtr()
 
-class PackagerError(StandardError):
+class PackagerError(Exception):
     pass
 
 class OutsideOfPackageError(PackagerError):
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ class Packager:
 
             if not self.p3dApplication and not self.packager.allowPackages:
                 message = 'Cannot generate packages without an installDir; use -i'
-                raise PackagerError, message
+                raise PackagerError(message)
 
             if self.ignoredDirFiles:
                 exts = sorted(self.ignoredDirFiles.keys())
@@ -429,11 +429,11 @@ class Packager:
 
                 if self.version != PandaSystem.getPackageVersionString():
                     message = 'mismatched Panda3D version: requested %s, but Panda3D is built as %s' % (self.version, PandaSystem.getPackageVersionString())
-                    raise PackagerError, message
+                    raise PackagerError(message)
 
                 if self.host != PandaSystem.getPackageHostUrl():
                     message = 'mismatched Panda3D host: requested %s, but Panda3D is built as %s' % (self.host, PandaSystem.getPackageHostUrl())
-                    raise PackagerError, message
+                    raise PackagerError(message)
 
             if self.p3dApplication:
                 # Default compression level for an app.
@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ class Packager:
             # Add the main module, if any.
             if not self.mainModule and self.p3dApplication:
                 message = 'No main_module specified for application %s' % (self.packageName)
-                raise PackagerError, message
+                raise PackagerError(message)
             if self.mainModule:
                 moduleName, newName = self.mainModule
                 if newName not in self.freezer.modules:
@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ class Packager:
 
             if not self.packager.allowPackages:
                 message = 'Cannot generate packages without an installDir; use -i'
-                raise PackagerError, message
+                raise PackagerError(message)
 
             installPath = Filename(self.packager.installDir, packageDir)
             # Remove any files already in the installPath.
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@ class Packager:
                 return
 
             if len(files) != 1:
-                raise PackagerError, 'Multiple files in "solo" package %s' % (self.packageName)
+                raise PackagerError('Multiple files in "solo" package %s' % (self.packageName))
 
             Filename(installPath, '').makeDir()
 
@@ -1535,7 +1535,7 @@ class Packager:
             compressedPath = Filename(self.packager.installDir, newCompressedFilename)
             if not compressFile(self.packageFullpath, compressedPath, 6):
                 message = 'Unable to write %s' % (compressedPath)
-                raise PackagerError, message
+                raise PackagerError(message)
 
         def readDescFile(self):
             """ Reads the existing package.xml file before rewriting
@@ -1838,7 +1838,7 @@ class Packager:
                 if parentName not in self.freezer.modules:
                     message = 'Cannot add Python file %s; not in package' % (file.newName)
                     if file.required or file.explicit:
-                        raise StandardError, message
+                        raise Exception(message)
                     else:
                         self.notify.warning(message)
                     return
@@ -1852,7 +1852,7 @@ class Packager:
             # Precompile egg files to bam's.
             np = self.packager.loader.loadModel(file.filename)
             if not np:
-                raise StandardError, 'Could not read egg file %s' % (file.filename)
+                raise Exception('Could not read egg file %s' % (file.filename))
 
             bamName = Filename(file.newName)
             bamName.setExtension('bam')
@@ -1862,14 +1862,14 @@ class Packager:
             # Load the bam file so we can massage its textures.
             bamFile = BamFile()
             if not bamFile.openRead(file.filename):
-                raise StandardError, 'Could not read bam file %s' % (file.filename)
+                raise Exception('Could not read bam file %s' % (file.filename))
 
             if not bamFile.resolve():
-                raise StandardError, 'Could not resolve bam file %s' % (file.filename)
+                raise Exception('Could not resolve bam file %s' % (file.filename))
 
             node = bamFile.readNode()
             if not node:
-                raise StandardError, 'Not a model file: %s' % (file.filename)
+                raise Exception('Not a model file: %s' % (file.filename))
 
             self.addNode(node, file.filename, file.newName)
 
@@ -2703,7 +2703,7 @@ class Packager:
             self.allowPackages = False
 
         if not PandaSystem.getPackageVersionString() or not PandaSystem.getPackageHostUrl():
-            raise PackagerError, 'This script must be run using a version of Panda3D that has been built\nfor distribution.  Try using ppackage.p3d or packp3d.p3d instead.\nIf you are running this script for development purposes, you may also\nset the Config variable panda-package-host-url to the URL you expect\nto download these contents from (for instance, a file:// URL).'
+            raise PackagerError('This script must be run using a version of Panda3D that has been built\nfor distribution.  Try using ppackage.p3d or packp3d.p3d instead.\nIf you are running this script for development purposes, you may also\nset the Config variable panda-package-host-url to the URL you expect\nto download these contents from (for instance, a file:// URL).')
 
         self.readContentsFile()
 
@@ -2804,7 +2804,7 @@ class Packager:
                             self.notify.info("No files added to %s" % (name))
                         for (lineno, stype, sname, args, kw) in statements:
                             if stype == 'class':
-                                raise PackagerError, 'Nested classes not allowed'
+                                raise PackagerError('Nested classes not allowed')
                             self.__evalFunc(sname, args, kw)
                         package = self.endPackage()
                         if package is not None:
@@ -2812,7 +2812,7 @@ class Packager:
                         elif packageNames is not None:
                             # If the name is explicitly specified, this means
                             # we should abort if the package faild to construct.
-                            raise PackagerError, 'Failed to construct %s' % name
+                            raise PackagerError('Failed to construct %s' % name)
                 else:
                     self.__evalFunc(name, args, kw)
         except PackagerError:
@@ -2838,7 +2838,7 @@ class Packager:
             func(*args, **kw)
         except OutsideOfPackageError:
             message = '%s encountered outside of package definition' % (name)
-            raise OutsideOfPackageError, message
+            raise OutsideOfPackageError(message)
 
     def __expandTabs(self, line, tabWidth = 8):
         """ Expands tab characters in the line to 8 spaces. """
@@ -2883,10 +2883,10 @@ class Packager:
             value = value.strip()
             if parameter not in argList:
                 message = 'Unknown parameter %s' % (parameter)
-                raise PackagerError, message
+                raise PackagerError(message)
             if parameter in args:
                 message = 'Duplicate parameter %s' % (parameter)
-                raise PackagerError, message
+                raise PackagerError(message)
 
             args[parameter] = value
 
@@ -2900,7 +2900,7 @@ class Packager:
         to file() etc., and close the package with endPackage(). """
 
         if self.currentPackage:
-            raise PackagerError, 'unclosed endPackage %s' % (self.currentPackage.packageName)
+            raise PackagerError('unclosed endPackage %s' % (self.currentPackage.packageName))
 
         package = self.Package(packageName, self)
         self.currentPackage = package
@@ -2910,7 +2910,7 @@ class Packager:
 
         if not package.p3dApplication and not self.allowPackages:
             message = 'Cannot generate packages without an installDir; use -i'
-            raise PackagerError, message
+            raise PackagerError(message)
 
 
     def endPackage(self):
@@ -2919,7 +2919,7 @@ class Packager:
         or None if the package failed to close (e.g. missing files). """
 
         if not self.currentPackage:
-            raise PackagerError, 'unmatched endPackage'
+            raise PackagerError('unmatched endPackage')
 
         package = self.currentPackage
         package.signParams += self.signParams[:]
@@ -3310,7 +3310,7 @@ class Packager:
             raise OutsideOfPackageError
 
         if (newName or filename) and len(moduleNames) != 1:
-            raise PackagerError, 'Cannot specify newName with multiple modules'
+            raise PackagerError('Cannot specify newName with multiple modules')
 
         if required:
             self.currentPackage.requiredModules += moduleNames
@@ -3469,7 +3469,7 @@ class Packager:
             package.mainModule = None
         if not package.mainModule and compileToExe:
             message = "No main_module specified for exe %s" % (filename)
-            raise PackagerError, message
+            raise PackagerError(message)
 
         if package.mainModule:
             moduleName, newName = package.mainModule
@@ -3641,12 +3641,12 @@ class Packager:
         if newName:
             if len(files) != 1:
                 message = 'Cannot install multiple files on target filename %s' % (newName)
-                raise PackagerError, message
+                raise PackagerError(message)
 
         if text:
             if len(files) != 1:
                 message = 'Cannot install text to multiple files'
-                raise PackagerError, message
+                raise PackagerError(message)
             if not newName:
                 newName = str(filenames[0])
 
diff --git a/direct/src/p3d/PatchMaker.py b/direct/src/p3d/PatchMaker.py
index 7055f5eb3e..485ad0d0e9 100644
--- a/direct/src/p3d/PatchMaker.py
+++ b/direct/src/p3d/PatchMaker.py
@@ -765,7 +765,7 @@ class PatchMaker:
             filename = Filename(package.currentFile.filename + '.%s.patch' % (package.patchVersion))
             assert filename not in self.patchFilenames
             if not self.buildPatch(topPv, currentPv, package, filename):
-                raise StandardError, "Couldn't build patch."
+                raise Exception("Couldn't build patch.")
 
     def buildPatch(self, v1, v2, package, patchFilename):
         """ Builds a patch from PackageVersion v1 to PackageVersion
@@ -780,7 +780,7 @@ class PatchMaker:
         compressedPathname = Filename(pathname + '.pz')
         compressedPathname.unlink()
         if not compressFile(pathname, compressedPathname, 9):
-            raise StandardError, "Couldn't compress patch."
+            raise Exception("Couldn't compress patch.")
         pathname.unlink()
 
         patchfile = self.Patchfile(package)
diff --git a/direct/src/p3d/SeqValue.py b/direct/src/p3d/SeqValue.py
index c146944dfa..d41cfd250b 100644
--- a/direct/src/p3d/SeqValue.py
+++ b/direct/src/p3d/SeqValue.py
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class SeqValue:
         elif isinstance(value, types.StringTypes):
             self.setFromString(value)
         else:
-            raise TypeError, 'Invalid sequence type: %s' % (value,)
+            raise TypeError('Invalid sequence type: %s' % (value,))
 
     def setFromTuple(self, value):
         """ Sets the seq from the indicated tuple of integers. """
diff --git a/direct/src/p3d/packp3d.py b/direct/src/p3d/packp3d.py
index e1cebf2137..a33a49e2d4 100755
--- a/direct/src/p3d/packp3d.py
+++ b/direct/src/p3d/packp3d.py
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ from panda3d.core import *
 # Temp hack for debugging.
 #from direct.p3d.AppRunner import dummyAppRunner; dummyAppRunner()
 
-class ArgumentError(StandardError):
+class ArgumentError(Exception):
     pass
 
 def makePackedApp(args):
@@ -167,13 +167,13 @@ def makePackedApp(args):
             sys.exit(0)
 
     if not appFilename:
-        raise ArgumentError, "No target app specified.  Use:\n  %s -o app.p3d\nUse -h to get more usage information." % (os.path.split(sys.argv[0])[1])
+        raise ArgumentError("No target app specified.  Use:\n  %s -o app.p3d\nUse -h to get more usage information." % (os.path.split(sys.argv[0])[1]))
 
     if args:
-        raise ArgumentError, "Extra arguments on command line."
+        raise ArgumentError("Extra arguments on command line.")
 
     if appFilename.getExtension() != 'p3d':
-        raise ArgumentError, 'Application filename must end in ".p3d".'
+        raise ArgumentError('Application filename must end in ".p3d".')
 
     appDir = Filename(appFilename.getDirname())
     if not appDir:
@@ -188,9 +188,9 @@ def makePackedApp(args):
         if not main.exists():
             main = glob.glob(os.path.join(root.toOsSpecific(), '*.py'))
             if len(main) == 0:
-                raise ArgumentError, 'No Python files in root directory.'
+                raise ArgumentError('No Python files in root directory.')
             elif len(main) > 1:
-                raise ArgumentError, 'Multiple Python files in root directory; specify the main application with -m "main".'
+                raise ArgumentError('Multiple Python files in root directory; specify the main application with -m "main".')
 
             main = Filename.fromOsSpecific(os.path.split(main[0])[1])
             main.makeAbsolute(root)
diff --git a/direct/src/p3d/runp3d.py b/direct/src/p3d/runp3d.py
index e561e73a0f..167f8d0d2f 100644
--- a/direct/src/p3d/runp3d.py
+++ b/direct/src/p3d/runp3d.py
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def parseSysArgs():
             sys.exit(1)
 
     if not args or not args[0]:
-        raise ArgumentError, "No Panda app specified.  Use:\nrunp3d.py app.p3d"
+        raise ArgumentError("No Panda app specified.  Use:\nrunp3d.py app.p3d")
 
     arg0 = args[0]
     p3dFilename = Filename.fromOsSpecific(arg0)
diff --git a/direct/src/plugin_npapi/make_osx_bundle.py b/direct/src/plugin_npapi/make_osx_bundle.py
index 8d83b35310..e4b9f365a6 100755
--- a/direct/src/plugin_npapi/make_osx_bundle.py
+++ b/direct/src/plugin_npapi/make_osx_bundle.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def makeBundle(startDir):
         path.appendPath(os.environ['DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH'])
     nppanda3d = path.findFile('nppanda3d')
     if not nppanda3d:
-        raise StandardError, "Couldn't find nppanda3d on path."
+        raise Exception("Couldn't find nppanda3d on path.")
 
     # Generate the bundle directory structure
     rootFilename = Filename(fstartDir, 'bundle')
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ def makeBundle(startDir):
         resourceFilename.toOsSpecific(), Filename(fstartDir, "nppanda3d.r").toOsSpecific()))
 
     if not resourceFilename.exists():
-        raise IOError, 'Unable to run Rez'
+        raise IOError('Unable to run Rez')
 
     # Copy in Info.plist and the compiled executable.
     shutil.copyfile(Filename(fstartDir, "nppanda3d.plist").toOsSpecific(), plistFilename.toOsSpecific())
diff --git a/direct/src/plugin_standalone/make_osx_bundle.py b/direct/src/plugin_standalone/make_osx_bundle.py
index 20807f6974..2fe846a3c3 100755
--- a/direct/src/plugin_standalone/make_osx_bundle.py
+++ b/direct/src/plugin_standalone/make_osx_bundle.py
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def makeBundle(startDir):
     path.appendPath(os.defpath)
     panda3d_mac = path.findFile('panda3d_mac')
     if not panda3d_mac:
-        raise StandardError, "Couldn't find panda3d_mac on path."
+        raise Exception("Couldn't find panda3d_mac on path.")
 
     # Construct a search path to look for the images.
     search = DSearchPath()
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ def makeBundle(startDir):
     # Now find the icon file on the above search path.
     icons = search.findFile('panda3d.icns')
     if not icons:
-        raise StandardError, "Couldn't find panda3d.icns on model-path."
+        raise Exception("Couldn't find panda3d.icns on model-path.")
 
     # Generate the bundle directory structure
     rootFilename = Filename(fstartDir)
diff --git a/direct/src/showbase/Audio3DManager.py b/direct/src/showbase/Audio3DManager.py
index 270a7e56c4..5a4fdc295b 100644
--- a/direct/src/showbase/Audio3DManager.py
+++ b/direct/src/showbase/Audio3DManager.py
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ class Audio3DManager:
         Default: VBase3(0, 0, 0)
         """
         if not isinstance(velocity, VBase3):
-            raise TypeError, "Invalid argument 1, expected <VBase3>"
+            raise TypeError("Invalid argument 1, expected <VBase3>")
         self.vel_dict[sound]=velocity
 
     def setSoundVelocityAuto(self, sound):
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class Audio3DManager:
         Default: VBase3(0, 0, 0)
         """
         if not isinstance(velocity, VBase3):
-            raise TypeError, "Invalid argument 0, expected <VBase3>"
+            raise TypeError("Invalid argument 0, expected <VBase3>")
         self.listener_vel=velocity
 
     def setListenerVelocityAuto(self):
diff --git a/direct/src/showbase/Loader.py b/direct/src/showbase/Loader.py
index 94bc5d4e14..9521df23ef 100644
--- a/direct/src/showbase/Loader.py
+++ b/direct/src/showbase/Loader.py
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ class Loader(DirectObject):
                 nodeList[i] = nodeList[i].node()
 
         # From here on, we deal with a list of (filename, node) pairs.
-        modelList = zip(modelList, nodeList)
+        modelList = list(zip(modelList, nodeList))
 
         if callback is None:
             # We got no callback, so it's a synchronous save.
diff --git a/direct/src/showbase/Messenger.py b/direct/src/showbase/Messenger.py
index aba83d7d3a..e9f9241646 100644
--- a/direct/src/showbase/Messenger.py
+++ b/direct/src/showbase/Messenger.py
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class Messenger:
 
         # Make sure extraArgs is a list or tuple
         if not (isinstance(extraArgs, list) or isinstance(extraArgs, tuple) or isinstance(extraArgs, set)):
-            raise TypeError, "A list is required as extraArgs argument"
+            raise TypeError("A list is required as extraArgs argument")
 
         self.lock.acquire()
         try:
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ class Messenger:
                 object, params = objectEntry
                 method = params[0]
                 if (type(method) == types.MethodType):
-                    function = method.im_func
+                    function = method.__func__
                 else:
                     function = method
                 #print ('function: ' + repr(function) + '\n' +
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ class Messenger:
                 #       'newFunction: ' + repr(newFunction) + '\n')
                 if (function == oldMethod):
                     newMethod = types.MethodType(
-                        newFunction, method.im_self, method.im_class)
+                        newFunction, method.__self__, method.__self__.__class__)
                     params[0] = newMethod
                     # Found it retrun true
                     retFlag += 1
@@ -560,8 +560,8 @@ class Messenger:
         return string version of class.method or method.
         """
         if (type(method) == types.MethodType):
-            functionName = method.im_class.__name__ + '.' + \
-                method.im_func.__name__
+            functionName = method.__self__.__class__.__name__ + '.' + \
+                method.__func__.__name__
         else:
             if hasattr(method, "__name__"):
                 functionName = method.__name__
@@ -629,7 +629,7 @@ class Messenger:
                 if (type(function) == types.MethodType):
                     str = (str + '\t' +
                            'Method:       ' + repr(function) + '\n\t' +
-                           'Function:     ' + repr(function.im_func) + '\n')
+                           'Function:     ' + repr(function.__func__) + '\n')
                 else:
                     str = (str + '\t' +
                            'Function:     ' + repr(function) + '\n')
diff --git a/direct/src/showbase/PythonUtil.py b/direct/src/showbase/PythonUtil.py
index 3e8e8aa581..e1750cf21f 100644
--- a/direct/src/showbase/PythonUtil.py
+++ b/direct/src/showbase/PythonUtil.py
@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@ if __debug__:
 
         def profileDecorator(f):
             def _profiled(*args, **kArgs):
-                name = '(%s) %s from %s' % (category, f.func_name, f.__module__)
+                name = '(%s) %s from %s' % (category, f.__name__, f.__module__)
 
                 # showbase might not be loaded yet, so don't use
                 # base.config.  Instead, query the ConfigVariableBool.
@@ -1265,12 +1265,12 @@ class Enum:
             invalidChars = invalidChars.replace('_','')
             invalidFirstChars = invalidChars+string.digits
             if item[0] in invalidFirstChars:
-                raise SyntaxError, ("Enum '%s' contains invalid first char" %
+                raise SyntaxError("Enum '%s' contains invalid first char" %
                                     item)
             if not disjoint(item, invalidChars):
                 for char in item:
                     if char in invalidChars:
-                        raise SyntaxError, (
+                        raise SyntaxError(
                             "Enum\n'%s'\ncontains illegal char '%s'" %
                             (item, char))
             return 1
@@ -2070,7 +2070,7 @@ def report(types = [], prefix = '', xform = None, notifyFunc = None, dConfigPara
                 rArgs = '(' + reduce(str.__add__,rArgs)[:-2] + ')'
 
 
-            outStr = '%s%s' % (f.func_name, rArgs)
+            outStr = '%s%s' % (f.__name__, rArgs)
 
             # Insert prefix place holder, if needed
             if prefixes:
@@ -2127,9 +2127,9 @@ def report(types = [], prefix = '', xform = None, notifyFunc = None, dConfigPara
                 pass
             return rVal
 
-        wrap.func_name = f.func_name
-        wrap.func_dict = f.func_dict
-        wrap.func_doc = f.func_doc
+        wrap.__name__ = f.__name__
+        wrap.__dict__ = f.__dict__
+        wrap.__doc__ = f.__doc__
         wrap.__module__ = f.__module__
         return wrap
     return decorator
@@ -2179,7 +2179,7 @@ if __debug__:
                     return f(*args, **kArgs)
                 except Exception, e:
                     try:
-                        s = '%s(' % f.func_name
+                        s = '%s(' % f.__name__
                         for arg in args:
                             s += '%s, ' % arg
                         for key, value in kArgs.items():
@@ -2193,7 +2193,7 @@ if __debug__:
                             exceptionLoggedNotify.info(s)
                     except:
                         exceptionLoggedNotify.info(
-                            '%s: ERROR IN PRINTING' % f.func_name)
+                            '%s: ERROR IN PRINTING' % f.__name__)
                     raise
             _exceptionLogged.__doc__ = f.__doc__
             return _exceptionLogged
diff --git a/direct/src/showbase/RandomNumGen.py b/direct/src/showbase/RandomNumGen.py
index 0b6df19d2b..da95bbabee 100644
--- a/direct/src/showbase/RandomNumGen.py
+++ b/direct/src/showbase/RandomNumGen.py
@@ -96,30 +96,30 @@ class RandomNumGen:
         # common case while still doing adequate error checking
         istart = int(start)
         if istart != start:
-            raise ValueError, "non-integer arg 1 for randrange()"
+            raise ValueError("non-integer arg 1 for randrange()")
         if stop is None:
             if istart > 0:
                 return self.__rand(istart)
-            raise ValueError, "empty range for randrange()"
+            raise ValueError("empty range for randrange()")
         istop = int(stop)
         if istop != stop:
-            raise ValueError, "non-integer stop for randrange()"
+            raise ValueError("non-integer stop for randrange()")
         if step == 1:
             if istart < istop:
                 return istart + self.__rand(istop - istart)
-            raise ValueError, "empty range for randrange()"
+            raise ValueError("empty range for randrange()")
         istep = int(step)
         if istep != step:
-            raise ValueError, "non-integer step for randrange()"
+            raise ValueError("non-integer step for randrange()")
         if istep > 0:
             n = (istop - istart + istep - 1) / istep
         elif istep < 0:
             n = (istop - istart + istep + 1) / istep
         else:
-            raise ValueError, "zero step for randrange()"
+            raise ValueError("zero step for randrange()")
 
         if n <= 0:
-            raise ValueError, "empty range for randrange()"
+            raise ValueError("empty range for randrange()")
         return istart + istep*int(self.__rand(n))
 
     def randint(self, a, b):
diff --git a/direct/src/showbase/ShowBase.py b/direct/src/showbase/ShowBase.py
index 28aa140e8e..f9f8068683 100644
--- a/direct/src/showbase/ShowBase.py
+++ b/direct/src/showbase/ShowBase.py
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ class ShowBase(DirectObject.DirectObject):
 
         # Make sure we're not making more than one ShowBase.
         if hasattr(builtins, 'base'):
-            raise StandardError, "Attempt to spawn multiple ShowBase instances!"
+            raise Exception("Attempt to spawn multiple ShowBase instances!")
 
         # DO NOT ADD TO THIS LIST.  We're trying to phase out the use of
         # built-in variables by ShowBase.  Use a Global module if necessary.
@@ -695,7 +695,7 @@ class ShowBase(DirectObject.DirectObject):
             if requireWindow:
                 # Unless require-window is set to false, it is an
                 # error not to open a window.
-                raise StandardError, 'Could not open window.'
+                raise Exception('Could not open window.')
         else:
             self.notify.info("Successfully opened window of type %s (%s)" % (
                 win.getType(), win.getPipe().getInterfaceName()))
@@ -2519,7 +2519,7 @@ class ShowBase(DirectObject.DirectObject):
         rig = NodePath(namePrefix)
         buffer = source.makeCubeMap(namePrefix, size, rig, cameraMask, 1)
         if buffer == None:
-            raise StandardError, "Could not make cube map."
+            raise Exception("Could not make cube map.")
 
         # Set the near and far planes from the default lens.
         lens = rig.find('**/+Camera').node().getLens()
@@ -2589,7 +2589,7 @@ class ShowBase(DirectObject.DirectObject):
         buffer = toSphere.makeCubeMap(namePrefix, size, rig, cameraMask, 0)
         if buffer == None:
             self.graphicsEngine.removeWindow(toSphere)
-            raise StandardError, "Could not make cube map."
+            raise Exception("Could not make cube map.")
 
         # Set the near and far planes from the default lens.
         lens = rig.find('**/+Camera').node().getLens()
diff --git a/direct/src/showutil/FreezeTool.py b/direct/src/showutil/FreezeTool.py
index 286e56ba9d..9862e1c764 100644
--- a/direct/src/showutil/FreezeTool.py
+++ b/direct/src/showutil/FreezeTool.py
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ class CompilationEnvironment:
             }
         print >> sys.stderr, compile
         if os.system(compile) != 0:
-            raise StandardError, 'failed to compile %s.' % basename
+            raise Exception('failed to compile %s.' % basename)
 
         link = self.linkExe % {
             'python' : self.Python,
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ class CompilationEnvironment:
             }
         print >> sys.stderr, link
         if os.system(link) != 0:
-            raise StandardError, 'failed to link %s.' % basename
+            raise Exception('failed to link %s.' % basename)
 
     def compileDll(self, filename, basename):
         compile = self.compileObj % {
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ class CompilationEnvironment:
             }
         print >> sys.stderr, compile
         if os.system(compile) != 0:
-            raise StandardError, 'failed to compile %s.' % basename
+            raise Exception('failed to compile %s.' % basename)
 
         link = self.linkDll % {
             'python' : self.Python,
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ class CompilationEnvironment:
             }
         print >> sys.stderr, link
         if os.system(link) != 0:
-            raise StandardError, 'failed to link %s.' % basename
+            raise Exception('failed to link %s.' % basename)
 
 # The code from frozenmain.c in the Python source repository.
 frozenMainCode = """
@@ -1207,7 +1207,7 @@ class Freezer:
         Filename(mfname).unlink()
         multifile = Multifile()
         if not multifile.openReadWrite(mfname):
-            raise StandardError
+            raise Exception
 
         self.addToMultifile(multifile)
 
@@ -1284,7 +1284,7 @@ class Freezer:
             # We must have a __main__ module to make an exe file.
             if not self.__writingModule('__main__'):
                 message = "Can't generate an executable without a __main__ module."
-                raise StandardError, message
+                raise Exception(message)
 
         filename = basename + self.sourceExtension
 
@@ -1407,9 +1407,11 @@ class PandaModuleFinder(modulefinder.ModuleFinder):
                 return (None, name, ('', '', imp.PY_FROZEN))
 
         message = "DLL loader cannot find %s." % (name)
-        raise ImportError, message
+        raise ImportError(message)
+
+    def load_module(self, fqname, fp, pathname, file_info):
+        suffix, mode, type = file_info
 
-    def load_module(self, fqname, fp, pathname, (suffix, mode, type)):
         if type == imp.PY_FROZEN:
             # It's a frozen module.
             co, isPackage = p3extend_frozen.get_frozen_module_code(pathname)
diff --git a/direct/src/stdpy/glob.py b/direct/src/stdpy/glob.py
index 3d1cce60f4..6f825a4561 100755
--- a/direct/src/stdpy/glob.py
+++ b/direct/src/stdpy/glob.py
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def glob1(dirname, pattern):
     except os.error:
         return []
     if pattern[0] != '.':
-        names = filter(lambda x: x[0] != '.', names)
+        names = [x for x in names if x[0] != '.']
     return fnmatch.filter(names, pattern)
 
 def glob0(dirname, basename):
diff --git a/direct/src/stdpy/thread.py b/direct/src/stdpy/thread.py
index f8291488d1..ccbc141b5b 100644
--- a/direct/src/stdpy/thread.py
+++ b/direct/src/stdpy/thread.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ from panda3d import core
 forceYield = core.Thread.forceYield
 considerYield = core.Thread.considerYield
 
-class error(StandardError):
+class error(Exception):
     pass
 
 class LockType:
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class LockType:
         self.__lock.acquire()
         try:
             if not self.__locked:
-                raise error, 'Releasing unheld lock.'
+                raise error('Releasing unheld lock.')
 
             self.__locked = False
             self.__cvar.notify()
diff --git a/direct/src/stdpy/threading2.py b/direct/src/stdpy/threading2.py
index d03ac01c3c..b9df97ca97 100644
--- a/direct/src/stdpy/threading2.py
+++ b/direct/src/stdpy/threading2.py
@@ -139,10 +139,9 @@ class _RLock(_Verbose):
 
     # Internal methods used by condition variables
 
-    def _acquire_restore(self, (count, owner)):
+    def _acquire_restore(self, state):
         self.__block.acquire()
-        self.__count = count
-        self.__owner = owner
+        self.__count, self.__owner = state
         if __debug__:
             self._note("%s._acquire_restore()", self)
 
@@ -334,7 +333,7 @@ class _BoundedSemaphore(_Semaphore):
 
     def release(self):
         if self._Semaphore__value >= self._initial_value:
-            raise ValueError, "Semaphore released too many times"
+            raise ValueError("Semaphore released too many times")
         return _Semaphore.release(self)
 
 
diff --git a/direct/src/task/Task.py b/direct/src/task/Task.py
index 5d4a831f32..bce3b127e1 100644
--- a/direct/src/task/Task.py
+++ b/direct/src/task/Task.py
@@ -571,13 +571,13 @@ class TaskManager:
 
         method = task.getFunction()
         if (type(method) == types.MethodType):
-            function = method.im_func
+            function = method.__func__
         else:
             function = method
         if (function == oldMethod):
             newMethod = types.MethodType(newFunction,
-                                         method.im_self,
-                                         method.im_class)
+                                         method.__self__,
+                                         method.__self__.__class__)
             task.setFunction(newMethod)
             # Found a match
             return 1
diff --git a/direct/src/tkpanels/FSMInspector.py b/direct/src/tkpanels/FSMInspector.py
index 398cd1583f..f6c5cc258e 100644
--- a/direct/src/tkpanels/FSMInspector.py
+++ b/direct/src/tkpanels/FSMInspector.py
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ class FSMInspector(AppShell):
                       toCenter,
                       self.computePoint(toState.radius,
                                          angle - DELTA))
-        return newFromPt + newToPt
+        return list(newFromPt) + list(newToPt)
 
     def computePoint(self, radius, angle):
         x = radius * math.cos(angle)
diff --git a/direct/src/tkpanels/Inspector.py b/direct/src/tkpanels/Inspector.py
index 47d3b4f6a6..98e4378e30 100644
--- a/direct/src/tkpanels/Inspector.py
+++ b/direct/src/tkpanels/Inspector.py
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ class FunctionInspector(Inspector):
 
 class InstanceMethodInspector(Inspector):
     def title(self):
-        return str(self.object.im_class) + "." + self.object.__name__ + "()"
+        return str(self.object.__self__.__class__) + "." + self.object.__name__ + "()"
 
 class CodeInspector(Inspector):
     def title(self):
@@ -391,10 +391,10 @@ class InspectorWindow:
 
     #Private
     def selectedIndex(self):
-        indicies = map(int, self.listWidget.curselection())
-        if len(indicies) == 0:
+        indices = list(map(int, self.listWidget.curselection()))
+        if len(indices) == 0:
             return None
-        partNumber = indicies[0]
+        partNumber = indices[0]
         return partNumber
 
     def inspectorForSelectedPart(self):
diff --git a/direct/src/tkwidgets/Tree.py b/direct/src/tkwidgets/Tree.py
index 7e864aaad3..88d3918386 100644
--- a/direct/src/tkwidgets/Tree.py
+++ b/direct/src/tkwidgets/Tree.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ from panda3d.core import *
 # Initialize icon directory
 ICONDIR = ConfigVariableSearchPath('model-path').findFile(Filename('icons')).toOsSpecific()
 if not os.path.isdir(ICONDIR):
-    raise RuntimeError, "can't find DIRECT icon directory (%s)" % repr(ICONDIR)
+    raise RuntimeError("can't find DIRECT icon directory (%s)" % repr(ICONDIR))
 
 class TreeNode:
 
diff --git a/direct/src/wxwidgets/ViewPort.py b/direct/src/wxwidgets/ViewPort.py
index b0d03d88c9..19ed102330 100755
--- a/direct/src/wxwidgets/ViewPort.py
+++ b/direct/src/wxwidgets/ViewPort.py
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ class Viewport(WxPandaWindow, DirectObject):
     if vpType == VPFRONT: return Viewport.makeFront(parent)
     if vpType == VPTOP:   return Viewport.makeTop(parent)
     if vpType == VPPERSPECTIVE:  return Viewport.makePerspective(parent)
-    raise TypeError, "Unknown viewport type: %s" % vpType
+    raise TypeError("Unknown viewport type: %s" % vpType)
 
   @staticmethod
   def makeOrthographic(parent, name, campos):
diff --git a/direct/src/wxwidgets/WxPandaWindow.py b/direct/src/wxwidgets/WxPandaWindow.py
index 6d4ccd335b..79a4ebc68d 100644
--- a/direct/src/wxwidgets/WxPandaWindow.py
+++ b/direct/src/wxwidgets/WxPandaWindow.py
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ else:
                         break
 
             if pipe.getInterfaceName() != 'OpenGL':
-                raise StandardError, "Couldn't get an OpenGL pipe."
+                raise Exception("Couldn't get an OpenGL pipe.")
 
             self.win = base.openWindow(callbackWindowDict = callbackWindowDict, pipe = pipe, gsg = gsg, type = 'onscreen')
             self.hasCapture = False
diff --git a/makepanda/makepanda.py b/makepanda/makepanda.py
index 46554539d7..71845db7b8 100755
--- a/makepanda/makepanda.py
+++ b/makepanda/makepanda.py
@@ -2621,7 +2621,26 @@ CreatePandaVersionFiles()
 ##########################################################################################
 
 if (PkgSkip("DIRECT")==0):
-    CopyPythonTree(GetOutputDir() + '/direct', 'direct/src', lib2to3_fixers=['all'])
+    fixers = [
+        'apply',
+        'callable',
+        'dict',
+        'except',
+        'execfile',
+        'import',
+        'imports',
+        'long',
+        'metaclass',
+        'next',
+        'numliterals',
+        'print',
+        'types',
+        'unicode',
+        'xrange',
+        'xreadlines',
+    ]
+
+    CopyPythonTree(GetOutputDir() + '/direct', 'direct/src', lib2to3_fixers=fixers, threads=THREADCOUNT)
     ConditionalWriteFile(GetOutputDir() + '/direct/__init__.py', "")
 
     # This file used to be copied, but would nowadays cause conflicts.
diff --git a/makepanda/makepandacore.py b/makepanda/makepandacore.py
index f395693c3f..05b6053053 100644
--- a/makepanda/makepandacore.py
+++ b/makepanda/makepandacore.py
@@ -2640,18 +2640,25 @@ def CopyTree(dstdir, srcdir, omitVCS=True):
         if omitVCS:
             DeleteVCS(dstdir)
 
-def CopyPythonTree(dstdir, srcdir, lib2to3_fixers=[]):
+def CopyPythonTree(dstdir, srcdir, lib2to3_fixers=[], threads=0):
     if (not os.path.isdir(dstdir)):
         os.mkdir(dstdir)
 
     lib2to3 = None
+    lib2to3_args = ['-w', '-n', '--no-diffs']
+
     if len(lib2to3_fixers) > 0 and sys.version_info >= (3, 0):
         from lib2to3.main import main as lib2to3
-        lib2to3_args = ['-w', '-n', '--no-diffs', '-x', 'buffer', '-x', 'idioms', '-x', 'set_literal', '-x', 'ws_comma']
-        if lib2to3_fixers != ['all']:
+
+        if lib2to3_fixers == ['all']:
+            lib2to3_args += ['-x', 'buffer', '-x', 'idioms', '-x', 'set_literal', '-x', 'ws_comma']
+        else:
             for fixer in lib2to3_fixers:
                 lib2to3_args += ['-f', fixer]
 
+    if threads:
+        lib2to3_args += ['-j', str(threads)]
+
     exclude_files = set(VCS_FILES)
     exclude_files.add('panda3d.py')
 
@@ -2667,20 +2674,23 @@ def CopyPythonTree(dstdir, srcdir, lib2to3_fixers=[]):
 
                     if ext == '.py' and not entry.endswith('-extensions.py'):
                         refactor.append((dstpth, srcpth))
+                        lib2to3_args.append(dstpth)
                     else:
                         JustBuilt([dstpth], [srcpth])
 
         elif entry not in VCS_DIRS:
-            CopyPythonTree(dstpth, srcpth, lib2to3_fixers)
+            CopyPythonTree(dstpth, srcpth, lib2to3_fixers, threads=threads)
 
-    for dstpth, srcpth in refactor:
-        if lib2to3 is not None:
-            ret = lib2to3("lib2to3.fixes", lib2to3_args + [dstpth])
-            if ret != 0:
+    if refactor and lib2to3 is not None:
+        ret = lib2to3("lib2to3.fixes", lib2to3_args)
+
+        if ret != 0:
+            for dstpth, srcpth in refactor:
                 os.remove(dstpth)
                 exit("Error in lib2to3.")
-        JustBuilt([dstpth], [srcpth])
-
+        else:
+            for dstpth, srcpth in refactor:
+                JustBuilt([dstpth], [srcpth])
 
 ########################################################################
 ##