paperclip/packages/adapter-utils/src/sandbox-callback-bridge.ts

2725 lines
118 KiB
TypeScript

import { createHash, randomBytes, randomUUID, timingSafeEqual } from "node:crypto";
import { promises as fs } from "node:fs";
import http2 from "node:http2";
import os from "node:os";
import path from "node:path";
import type { Duplex } from "node:stream";
import {
runWithoutActiveStep,
runWithRuntimeParent,
type RuntimeSpanRunner,
type StartupSpanContext,
} from "./acpx-engine/startup-timing.js";
import type { CommandManagedRuntimeRunner } from "./command-managed-runtime.js";
import { preferredShellForSandbox, shellCommandArgs } from "./sandbox-shell.js";
import type { RunProcessResult } from "./server-utils.js";
const DEFAULT_BRIDGE_TOKEN_BYTES = 24;
const DEFAULT_BRIDGE_POLL_INTERVAL_MS = 100;
const DEFAULT_BRIDGE_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT_MS = 30_000;
const DEFAULT_BRIDGE_STOP_TIMEOUT_MS = 2_000;
const DEFAULT_BRIDGE_MAX_QUEUE_DEPTH = 64;
// A `BridgeBodyReservation` owner (`http2-bridge-server.ts`) now bounds the
// process-wide total of live request and response body bytes at
// `HTTP2_BRIDGE_MAX_PROCESS_BODY_BYTES` (1 GiB), so this per-body limit can
// rise to the same ceiling `MAX_ATTACHMENT_BYTES`
// (`server/src/attachment-types.ts`) already accepts, with no unbounded
// growth in process memory.
//
// The attachment upload route carries its file inside a multipart body, so a
// file at the exact `MAX_ATTACHMENT_BYTES` ceiling needs more than
// `MAX_ATTACHMENT_BYTES` raw bytes to cross the bridge: the multipart
// boundary line, each part's `Content-Disposition` and `Content-Type`
// headers, and the small JSON metadata field this route also accepts all add
// bytes on top of the file content the server measures. This headroom
// covers that framing with a wide margin, so a valid maximum-size attachment
// never fails at the bridge before the server ever sees it.
const BRIDGE_MULTIPART_FRAMING_HEADROOM_BYTES = 64 * 1024;
const DEFAULT_BRIDGE_MAX_BODY_BYTES = 10 * 1024 * 1024 + BRIDGE_MULTIPART_FRAMING_HEADROOM_BYTES;
// Per-iteration timeout for one poll-loop client call. A healthy control-plane
// round trip finishes in well under one second, so 10s is far above a normal
// iteration and never false-fires on a slow-but-live call. It is also well
// under the in-sandbox 30s response deadline
// (PAPERCLIP_BRIDGE_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT_MS), so the host loop fails fast and writes
// 503 responses before the in-sandbox client gives up. A silently unresponsive
// sandbox channel makes a client call hang with no reject; this timeout turns
// that hang into a caught error, so the poll loop can back off and retry while
// the watchdog below decides when to fail the queued requests.
const DEFAULT_BRIDGE_ITERATION_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000;
// Watchdog backstop for a hang that the per-iteration timeout does not catch
// (for example many slow-but-under-timeout calls, or a stall outside the awaited
// calls). It is larger than one iteration timeout, so a single slow iteration
// never trips it, and it stays under the in-sandbox 30s response deadline.
const DEFAULT_BRIDGE_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT_MS = 20_000;
// Grace period the recovery path gives an aborted in-flight handler to finalize
// its own response. The recovery path aborts the handler, then waits this long.
// A cooperating handler threads the abort signal into its work, rejects, and
// writes its own response inside the grace, so its accurate result wins. A
// handler that ignores the signal and never settles does not write inside the
// grace; the recovery path then writes a non-retryable 504 backstop, so the
// request never strands with no response. The grace is well under the in-sandbox
// 30s response deadline, so the backstop lands before the in-sandbox client
// gives up.
const DEFAULT_BRIDGE_ABORTED_HANDLER_GRACE_MS = 5_000;
// The recovery path retries the 504 backstop write this many times before it
// gives up. A single transient write failure, or one that exceeds the iteration
// timeout, then does not strand the caller with no terminal response.
const MAX_BACKSTOP_WRITE_ATTEMPTS = 3;
// The delay between two 504 backstop write attempts. It is short, so all retries
// finish well under the in-sandbox 30s response deadline.
const BACKSTOP_WRITE_RETRY_MS = 50;
// Backoff cap between poll-loop retries after a transient iteration failure.
// The cap keeps a recovering loop probing often enough to resume before the
// in-sandbox 30s response deadline strands queued callers, while the
// exponential ramp below it keeps a hard-down channel from burning an exec
// call every poll interval.
const MAX_TRANSIENT_ITERATION_BACKOFF_MS = 5_000;
const REMOTE_WRITE_BASE64_CHUNK_SIZE = 32 * 1024;
export const SANDBOX_CALLBACK_BRIDGE_ENTRYPOINT = "paperclip-bridge-server.mjs";
const SANDBOX_EXEC_CHANNEL_ENV = "PAPERCLIP_SANDBOX_EXEC_CHANNEL";
const SANDBOX_EXEC_CHANNEL_BRIDGE = "bridge";
// The bridge modes the generated gateway supports. The file mode polls a
// request/response queue on disk. The http2 mode runs one Node HTTP/2 client
// session directly on stdin/stdout, after it sends the one READY line the
// host readiness gate expects. The generated `.mjs` selects the mode from
// `PAPERCLIP_API_BRIDGE_MODE`. The generated gateway rejects every other
// value with a fixed startup error, including the retired duplex transport.
// HTTP/2 is the preferred transport. `queue_v1` is the soft-deprecated fallback.
const SANDBOX_CALLBACK_BRIDGE_FILE_MODE = "queue_v1";
/** The active non-file transport mode. */
export const SANDBOX_CALLBACK_BRIDGE_HTTP2_MODE = "http2_v1";
/** Span name that wraps one Paperclip-API callback request — read the request,
* write the response, and remove the request file. */
const CALLBACK_BRIDGE_RELAY_REQUEST_SPAN = "sandbox.callbackBridge.relayRequest";
/** Span name for a failed or hung bridge worker. The worker runs a throwing
* function under this span through `input.runtimeSpan`, so the failure lands in
* the run trace. The run and the orchestrator then see the hang, not only
* stdout. */
const CALLBACK_BRIDGE_WORKER_FAILED_SPAN = "sandbox.callbackBridge.workerFailed";
export const DEFAULT_SANDBOX_CALLBACK_BRIDGE_MAX_BODY_BYTES = DEFAULT_BRIDGE_MAX_BODY_BYTES;
export interface SandboxCallbackBridgeRouteRule {
method: string;
path: RegExp;
}
// Routes the in-sandbox heartbeat skill is documented to call. The server
// still enforces actor-level permissions on top of this allowlist; the list
// exists to bound the surface area a compromised CLI could reach via the
// reverse bridge. Keep this in sync with the Paperclip skill in
// `skills/paperclip/SKILL.md` and `references/api-reference.md`.
export const DEFAULT_SANDBOX_CALLBACK_BRIDGE_ROUTE_ALLOWLIST: readonly SandboxCallbackBridgeRouteRule[] = [
// Runtime capability authentication is independently checked by the controller.
{ method: "POST", path: /^\/runtime-tools\/github\/credentials$/ },
// Identity, inbox, agent self-management
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/agents\/me$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/agents\/me\/inbox-lite$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/agents\/me\/inbox\/mine$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/agents\/[^/]+$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/agents\/[^/]+\/skills$/ },
{ method: "POST", path: /^\/api\/agents\/[^/]+\/skills\/sync$/ },
{ method: "PATCH", path: /^\/api\/agents\/[^/]+\/instructions-path$/ },
// Company-level reads used to discover work and context
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/companies\/[^/]+$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/companies\/[^/]+\/dashboard$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/companies\/[^/]+\/agents$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/companies\/[^/]+\/issues$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/companies\/[^/]+\/projects$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/companies\/[^/]+\/goals$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/companies\/[^/]+\/org$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/companies\/[^/]+\/approvals$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/companies\/[^/]+\/routines$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/companies\/[^/]+\/skills$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/projects\/[^/]+$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/goals\/[^/]+$/ },
// Issue lifecycle: read context, checkout, update, comment, document, release
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/issues\/[^/]+$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/issues\/[^/]+\/heartbeat-context$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/issues\/[^/]+\/comments(?:\/[^/]+)?$/ },
{ method: "POST", path: /^\/api\/issues\/[^/]+\/comments$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/issues\/[^/]+\/documents(?:\/[^/]+)?$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/issues\/[^/]+\/documents\/[^/]+\/revisions$/ },
{ method: "PUT", path: /^\/api\/issues\/[^/]+\/documents\/[^/]+$/ },
{ method: "POST", path: /^\/api\/issues\/[^/]+\/checkout$/ },
{ method: "POST", path: /^\/api\/issues\/[^/]+\/release$/ },
{ method: "PATCH", path: /^\/api\/issues\/[^/]+$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/issues\/[^/]+\/approvals$/ },
// Work products: publish branch/commit/artifact metadata for completed work.
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/issues\/[^/]+\/work-products$/ },
{ method: "POST", path: /^\/api\/issues\/[^/]+\/work-products$/ },
{ method: "PATCH", path: /^\/api\/work-products\/[^/]+$/ },
// Issue-thread interactions (create, resolve, verdict, and withdraw)
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/issues\/[^/]+\/interactions(?:\/[^/]+)?$/ },
{ method: "POST", path: /^\/api\/issues\/[^/]+\/interactions$/ },
{ method: "POST", path: /^\/api\/issues\/[^/]+\/interactions\/[^/]+\/(?:accept|reject|respond|verdicts|withdraw)$/ },
// Subtasks / delegation
{ method: "POST", path: /^\/api\/companies\/[^/]+\/issues$/ },
// Hiring (paperclip-create-agent skill): adapter/icon discovery, comparing
// existing agent configs, submitting the hire request, and linking the
// resulting approval to its source issue. Direct agent creation
// (POST /api/companies/:id/agents) stays denied — hires must go through the
// approval-gated agent-hires endpoint, which the server still permission-checks.
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/llms\/agent-configuration\.txt$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/llms\/agent-configuration\/[^/]+\.txt$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/llms\/agent-icons\.txt$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/companies\/[^/]+\/agent-configurations$/ },
{ method: "POST", path: /^\/api\/companies\/[^/]+\/agent-hires$/ },
{ method: "POST", path: /^\/api\/issues\/[^/]+\/approvals$/ },
// Approvals (request, read, comment)
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/approvals\/[^/]+$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/approvals\/[^/]+\/issues$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/approvals\/[^/]+\/comments$/ },
{ method: "POST", path: /^\/api\/approvals\/[^/]+\/comments$/ },
{ method: "POST", path: /^\/api\/companies\/[^/]+\/approvals$/ },
// Execution workspaces and runtime services (start/stop/restart dev servers)
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/execution-workspaces\/[^/]+$/ },
{ method: "POST", path: /^\/api\/execution-workspaces\/[^/]+\/runtime-services\/(?:start|stop|restart)$/ },
// Routines (agents manage their own routines and triggers)
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/routines\/[^/]+$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/routines\/[^/]+\/runs$/ },
{ method: "POST", path: /^\/api\/companies\/[^/]+\/routines$/ },
{ method: "PATCH", path: /^\/api\/routines\/[^/]+$/ },
{ method: "POST", path: /^\/api\/routines\/[^/]+\/run$/ },
{ method: "POST", path: /^\/api\/routines\/[^/]+\/triggers$/ },
{ method: "PATCH", path: /^\/api\/routine-triggers\/[^/]+$/ },
{ method: "DELETE", path: /^\/api\/routine-triggers\/[^/]+$/ },
] as const;
// The HTTP/2 bridge carries the request body as raw bytes, so it can admit
// the two binary attachment routes. The queue transport keeps
// `DEFAULT_SANDBOX_CALLBACK_BRIDGE_ROUTE_ALLOWLIST`, because its envelope
// carries a string body only.
export const HTTP2_SANDBOX_CALLBACK_BRIDGE_ROUTE_ALLOWLIST: readonly SandboxCallbackBridgeRouteRule[] = [
...DEFAULT_SANDBOX_CALLBACK_BRIDGE_ROUTE_ALLOWLIST,
{ method: "POST", path: /^\/api\/companies\/[^/]+\/issues\/[^/]+\/attachments$/ },
{ method: "GET", path: /^\/api\/attachments\/[^/]+\/content$/ },
] as const;
export const DEFAULT_SANDBOX_CALLBACK_BRIDGE_HEADER_ALLOWLIST = [
"accept",
"content-type",
"if-match",
"if-none-match",
"x-paperclip-github-capability",
] as const;
export interface SandboxCallbackBridgeRequest {
id: string;
method: string;
path: string;
query: string;
headers: Record<string, string>;
/**
* UTF-8 body contents. The bridge rejects non-JSON request bodies; binary
* payloads are intentionally out of scope for this queue protocol.
*/
body: string;
createdAt: string;
}
export interface SandboxCallbackBridgeResponse {
id: string;
status: number;
headers: Record<string, string>;
body: string;
completedAt: string;
}
export interface SandboxCallbackBridgeAsset {
localDir: string;
entrypoint: string;
cleanup(): Promise<void>;
}
export interface SandboxCallbackBridgeDirectories {
rootDir: string;
requestsDir: string;
responsesDir: string;
logsDir: string;
readyFile: string;
pidFile: string;
logFile: string;
}
export interface SandboxCallbackBridgeQueueClient {
makeDir(remotePath: string): Promise<void>;
// Optional batched directory create. The built-in clients create every
// queue directory in one remote exec. A client that predates this method
// omits it; the worker falls back to sequential `makeDir` calls, so an
// external implementation stays compatible without a change.
makeDirs?(remotePaths: string[]): Promise<void>;
listJsonFiles(remotePath: string): Promise<string[]>;
readTextFile(remotePath: string): Promise<string>;
writeTextFile(remotePath: string, body: string): Promise<void>;
writeResponseFile?(
responsePath: string,
body: string,
options?: {
requestPath?: string | null;
},
): Promise<{ wrote: boolean }>;
rename(fromPath: string, toPath: string): Promise<void>;
remove(remotePath: string): Promise<void>;
}
export interface SandboxCallbackBridgeWorkerHandle {
stop(options?: { drainTimeoutMs?: number }): Promise<void>;
}
export interface StartedSandboxCallbackBridgeServer {
baseUrl: string;
host: string;
port: number;
pid: number;
directories: SandboxCallbackBridgeDirectories;
stop(): Promise<void>;
}
function shellQuote(value: string) {
return `'${value.replace(/'/g, `'"'"'`)}'`;
}
function normalizeMethod(value: string | null | undefined): string {
return typeof value === "string" && value.trim().length > 0 ? value.trim().toUpperCase() : "GET";
}
function normalizeTimeoutMs(value: number | null | undefined, fallback: number): number {
return typeof value === "number" && Number.isFinite(value) && value > 0 ? Math.trunc(value) : fallback;
}
/**
* Race a promise against a timeout. On timeout the returned promise rejects with
* a clear error. The helper clears the timer on every settle path, so it leaks
* no `setTimeout`. The wrapped promise is not cancelable; when it never settles,
* it keeps running in the background, but the caller already moved on through
* the reject.
*/
function withTimeout<T>(promise: Promise<T>, timeoutMs: number, label: string): Promise<T> {
let timer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | undefined;
const timeout = new Promise<never>((_resolve, reject) => {
timer = setTimeout(() => {
reject(new Error(`${label} timed out after ${timeoutMs}ms.`));
}, timeoutMs);
});
return Promise.race([promise, timeout]).finally(() => {
if (timer !== undefined) {
clearTimeout(timer);
}
});
}
function toBuffer(bytes: Buffer | Uint8Array | ArrayBuffer): Buffer {
if (Buffer.isBuffer(bytes)) return bytes;
if (bytes instanceof ArrayBuffer) return Buffer.from(bytes);
return Buffer.from(bytes.buffer, bytes.byteOffset, bytes.byteLength);
}
function buildRunnerFailureMessage(action: string, result: RunProcessResult): string {
const stderr = result.stderr.trim();
const stdout = result.stdout.trim();
const detail = stderr || stdout;
if (result.timedOut) {
return `${action} timed out${detail ? `: ${detail}` : ""}`;
}
return `${action} failed with exit code ${result.exitCode ?? "null"}${detail ? `: ${detail}` : ""}`;
}
async function runShell(
runner: CommandManagedRuntimeRunner,
cwd: string,
script: string,
timeoutMs: number,
shellCommand: "bash" | "sh" = "sh",
stdin?: string,
): Promise<RunProcessResult> {
return await runner.execute({
command: shellCommand,
args: shellCommandArgs(script),
cwd,
env: {
[SANDBOX_EXEC_CHANNEL_ENV]: SANDBOX_EXEC_CHANNEL_BRIDGE,
},
timeoutMs,
stdin,
// Every command that rides this helper is bridge control-plane plumbing:
// input delivery, output read, callback relay, and queue/setup bookkeeping.
// It must run concurrently with the agent, so force it off the persistent
// session. In streamed mode the agent holds that single serialized session
// for the whole run; a control write on the same session queues behind the
// agent command that never returns — a permanent deadlock.
bypassSession: true,
});
}
function requireSuccessfulResult(action: string, result: RunProcessResult): RunProcessResult {
if (!result.timedOut && result.exitCode === 0) return result;
throw new Error(buildRunnerFailureMessage(action, result));
}
function base64Chunks(body: string): string[] {
const out: string[] = [];
for (let offset = 0; offset < body.length; offset += REMOTE_WRITE_BASE64_CHUNK_SIZE) {
out.push(body.slice(offset, offset + REMOTE_WRITE_BASE64_CHUNK_SIZE));
}
return out;
}
async function pathExists(filePath: string): Promise<boolean> {
return await fs.stat(filePath).then(() => true).catch(() => false);
}
function buildRemotePidLockAcquireScript(lockDirExpr: string, timeoutMessage: string): string[] {
return [
"attempts=0",
`while ! mkdir ${lockDirExpr} 2>/dev/null; do`,
" holder_pid=\"\"",
` if [ -s ${lockDirExpr}/pid ]; then`,
` holder_pid="$(cat ${lockDirExpr}/pid 2>/dev/null || true)"`,
" fi",
" if [ -n \"$holder_pid\" ] && ! kill -0 \"$holder_pid\" 2>/dev/null; then",
` rm -rf ${lockDirExpr}`,
" continue",
" fi",
" attempts=$((attempts + 1))",
" if [ \"$attempts\" -ge 600 ]; then",
` echo ${shellQuote(timeoutMessage)} >&2`,
" exit 1",
" fi",
" sleep 0.05",
"done",
`printf '%s\\n' "$$" > ${lockDirExpr}/pid`,
];
}
function buildRemotePidLockCleanupScript(lockDirExpr: string, cleanupLines: string[]): string[] {
return [
"cleanup() {",
...cleanupLines.map((line) => ` ${line}`),
` rm -rf ${lockDirExpr}`,
"}",
"trap cleanup EXIT INT TERM",
];
}
export function createSandboxCallbackBridgeToken(bytes = DEFAULT_BRIDGE_TOKEN_BYTES): string {
return randomBytes(bytes).toString("base64url");
}
export function authorizeSandboxCallbackBridgeRequestWithRoutes(
request: Pick<SandboxCallbackBridgeRequest, "method" | "path">,
routes: readonly SandboxCallbackBridgeRouteRule[] = DEFAULT_SANDBOX_CALLBACK_BRIDGE_ROUTE_ALLOWLIST,
): string | null {
const method = normalizeMethod(request.method);
return routes.some((route) => route.method === method && route.path.test(request.path))
? null
: `Route not allowed: ${method} ${request.path}`;
}
export function sanitizeSandboxCallbackBridgeHeaders(
headers: Record<string, string>,
allowlist: readonly string[] = DEFAULT_SANDBOX_CALLBACK_BRIDGE_HEADER_ALLOWLIST,
): Record<string, string> {
const allowed = new Set(allowlist.map((header) => header.toLowerCase()));
return Object.fromEntries(
Object.entries(headers).filter(([key]) => allowed.has(key.toLowerCase())),
);
}
export function sandboxCallbackBridgeDirectories(rootDir: string): SandboxCallbackBridgeDirectories {
return {
rootDir,
requestsDir: path.posix.join(rootDir, "requests"),
responsesDir: path.posix.join(rootDir, "responses"),
logsDir: path.posix.join(rootDir, "logs"),
readyFile: path.posix.join(rootDir, "ready.json"),
pidFile: path.posix.join(rootDir, "server.pid"),
logFile: path.posix.join(rootDir, "logs", "bridge.log"),
};
}
export function buildSandboxCallbackBridgeEnv(input: {
queueDir: string;
bridgeToken: string;
host?: string;
port?: number | null;
pollIntervalMs?: number | null;
responseTimeoutMs?: number | null;
maxQueueDepth?: number | null;
maxBodyBytes?: number | null;
}): Record<string, string> {
return {
PAPERCLIP_API_BRIDGE_MODE: SANDBOX_CALLBACK_BRIDGE_FILE_MODE,
PAPERCLIP_BRIDGE_QUEUE_DIR: input.queueDir,
PAPERCLIP_BRIDGE_TOKEN: input.bridgeToken,
PAPERCLIP_BRIDGE_HOST: input.host?.trim() || "127.0.0.1",
PAPERCLIP_BRIDGE_PORT: String(input.port && input.port > 0 ? Math.trunc(input.port) : 0),
PAPERCLIP_BRIDGE_POLL_INTERVAL_MS: String(
normalizeTimeoutMs(input.pollIntervalMs, DEFAULT_BRIDGE_POLL_INTERVAL_MS),
),
PAPERCLIP_BRIDGE_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT_MS: String(
normalizeTimeoutMs(input.responseTimeoutMs, DEFAULT_BRIDGE_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT_MS),
),
PAPERCLIP_BRIDGE_MAX_QUEUE_DEPTH: String(
normalizeTimeoutMs(input.maxQueueDepth, DEFAULT_BRIDGE_MAX_QUEUE_DEPTH),
),
PAPERCLIP_BRIDGE_MAX_BODY_BYTES: String(
normalizeTimeoutMs(input.maxBodyBytes, DEFAULT_BRIDGE_MAX_BODY_BYTES),
),
};
}
export async function createSandboxCallbackBridgeAsset(): Promise<SandboxCallbackBridgeAsset> {
const localDir = await fs.mkdtemp(path.join(os.tmpdir(), "paperclip-bridge-asset-"));
const entrypoint = path.join(localDir, SANDBOX_CALLBACK_BRIDGE_ENTRYPOINT);
await fs.writeFile(entrypoint, getSandboxCallbackBridgeServerSource(), "utf8");
return {
localDir,
entrypoint,
cleanup: async () => {
await fs.rm(localDir, { recursive: true, force: true }).catch(() => undefined);
},
};
}
export function createFileSystemSandboxCallbackBridgeQueueClient(): SandboxCallbackBridgeQueueClient {
return {
makeDir: async (remotePath) => {
await fs.mkdir(remotePath, { recursive: true });
},
makeDirs: async (remotePaths) => {
for (const remotePath of remotePaths) {
await fs.mkdir(remotePath, { recursive: true });
}
},
listJsonFiles: async (remotePath) => {
const entries = await fs.readdir(remotePath, { withFileTypes: true }).catch(() => []);
return entries
.filter((entry) => entry.isFile() && entry.name.endsWith(".json"))
.map((entry) => entry.name)
.sort((left, right) => left.localeCompare(right));
},
readTextFile: async (remotePath) => await fs.readFile(remotePath, "utf8"),
writeTextFile: async (remotePath, body) => {
await fs.mkdir(path.posix.dirname(remotePath), { recursive: true });
// Write to a temporary path that does NOT end in `.json`, then rename it
// onto the final `.json` path. A direct `writeFile` truncates the final
// path first, so a `.json`-only reader (the stdin poller) can see an
// empty or partial file. The atomic rename never exposes partial content.
const tempPath = `${remotePath}.paperclip-upload.decoded`;
await fs.writeFile(tempPath, body, "utf8");
await fs.rename(tempPath, remotePath);
},
writeResponseFile: async (responsePath, body, options = {}) => {
const responseDir = path.posix.dirname(responsePath);
const tempPath = `${responsePath}.tmp`;
const lockDir = `${responsePath}.paperclip-write.lock`;
const lockPidFile = `${lockDir}/pid`;
if (options.requestPath) {
const requestExists = await pathExists(options.requestPath);
if (!requestExists) {
return { wrote: false };
}
}
await fs.mkdir(responseDir, { recursive: true });
// PID-liveness mkdir-mutex: mirrors the shell-based bridge mutex so a
// crashed holder (SIGKILL / OOM) doesn't deadlock subsequent writers
// for the full timeout window.
let attempts = 0;
while (true) {
try {
await fs.mkdir(lockDir);
await fs.writeFile(lockPidFile, `${process.pid}\n`, "utf8");
break;
} catch (error) {
const code = (error as NodeJS.ErrnoException)?.code;
if (code !== "EEXIST") {
throw error;
}
let holderPid: number | null = null;
try {
const raw = await fs.readFile(lockPidFile, "utf8");
const parsed = Number.parseInt(raw.trim(), 10);
if (Number.isFinite(parsed) && parsed > 0) holderPid = parsed;
} catch {
// pid file missing or unreadable — treat as stale lock
}
let holderAlive = false;
if (holderPid !== null) {
try {
process.kill(holderPid, 0);
holderAlive = true;
} catch {
holderAlive = false;
}
}
if (!holderAlive) {
await fs.rm(lockDir, { recursive: true, force: true }).catch(() => undefined);
continue;
}
attempts += 1;
if (attempts >= 600) {
throw new Error("Timed out acquiring sandbox callback bridge response lock.");
}
await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 50));
}
}
try {
if (options.requestPath) {
const requestExists = await pathExists(options.requestPath);
if (!requestExists) {
return { wrote: false };
}
}
const responseExists = await pathExists(responsePath);
if (responseExists) {
return { wrote: false };
}
await fs.writeFile(tempPath, body, "utf8");
await fs.rename(tempPath, responsePath);
return { wrote: true };
} finally {
await fs.rm(tempPath, { force: true }).catch(() => undefined);
await fs.rm(lockDir, { recursive: true, force: true }).catch(() => undefined);
}
},
rename: async (fromPath, toPath) => {
await fs.mkdir(path.posix.dirname(toPath), { recursive: true });
await fs.rename(fromPath, toPath);
},
remove: async (remotePath) => {
await fs.rm(remotePath, { recursive: true, force: true }).catch(() => undefined);
},
};
}
export function createCommandManagedSandboxCallbackBridgeQueueClient(input: {
runner: CommandManagedRuntimeRunner;
remoteCwd: string;
timeoutMs?: number | null;
shellCommand?: "bash" | "sh" | null;
}): SandboxCallbackBridgeQueueClient {
const timeoutMs = normalizeTimeoutMs(input.timeoutMs, DEFAULT_BRIDGE_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT_MS);
const shellCommand = preferredShellForSandbox(input.shellCommand);
const runChecked = async (action: string, script: string) =>
requireSuccessfulResult(action, await runShell(input.runner, input.remoteCwd, script, timeoutMs, shellCommand));
return {
makeDir: async (remotePath) => {
await runChecked(`mkdir ${remotePath}`, `mkdir -p ${shellQuote(remotePath)}`);
},
makeDirs: async (remotePaths) => {
if (remotePaths.length === 0) {
return;
}
const quoted = remotePaths.map((remotePath) => shellQuote(remotePath));
await runChecked(`mkdir ${remotePaths.join(" ")}`, `mkdir -p ${quoted.join(" ")}`);
},
listJsonFiles: async (remotePath) => {
const result = await runShell(
input.runner,
input.remoteCwd,
[
`if [ -d ${shellQuote(remotePath)} ]; then`,
` for file in ${shellQuote(remotePath)}/*.json; do`,
` [ -f "$file" ] || continue`,
" basename \"$file\"",
" done",
"fi",
].join("\n"),
timeoutMs,
shellCommand,
);
requireSuccessfulResult(`list ${remotePath}`, result);
return result.stdout
.split(/\r?\n/)
.map((line) => line.trim())
.filter((line) => line.length > 0)
.sort((left, right) => left.localeCompare(right));
},
readTextFile: async (remotePath) => {
const result = await runChecked(`read ${remotePath}`, `base64 < ${shellQuote(remotePath)}`);
return Buffer.from(result.stdout.replace(/\s+/g, ""), "base64").toString("utf8");
},
writeTextFile: async (remotePath, body) => {
const remoteDir = path.posix.dirname(remotePath);
// Two temporary paths that do NOT end in `.json`, so a `.json`-only
// reader (the stdin poller) never lists them. The base64 upload lands in
// `tempPath`. The decode result lands in `decodedPath`. An atomic rename
// then moves the complete decoded content onto the final `.json` path.
// A direct `> remotePath` redirect truncates the final path before the
// decode writes it, so a reader can see an empty or partial file.
const tempPath = `${remotePath}.paperclip-upload.b64`;
const decodedPath = `${remotePath}.paperclip-upload.decoded`;
await runChecked(
`prepare upload ${remotePath}`,
`mkdir -p ${shellQuote(remoteDir)} && rm -f ${shellQuote(tempPath)} ${shellQuote(decodedPath)} && : > ${shellQuote(tempPath)}`,
);
const base64Body = toBuffer(Buffer.from(body, "utf8")).toString("base64");
for (const chunk of base64Chunks(base64Body)) {
await runChecked(
`append upload chunk ${remotePath}`,
`printf '%s' ${shellQuote(chunk)} >> ${shellQuote(tempPath)}`,
);
}
await runChecked(
`finalize upload ${remotePath}`,
`base64 -d < ${shellQuote(tempPath)} > ${shellQuote(decodedPath)} && mv ${shellQuote(decodedPath)} ${shellQuote(remotePath)} && rm -f ${shellQuote(tempPath)}`,
);
},
writeResponseFile: async (responsePath, body, options = {}) => {
const responseDir = path.posix.dirname(responsePath);
const tempPath = `${responsePath}.tmp`;
const lockDir = `${responsePath}.paperclip-write.lock`;
const requestPath = options.requestPath?.trim() || "";
const result = await runShell(
input.runner,
input.remoteCwd,
[
"set -eu",
`response_dir=${shellQuote(responseDir)}`,
`response_path=${shellQuote(responsePath)}`,
`temp_path=${shellQuote(tempPath)}`,
`lock_dir=${shellQuote(lockDir)}`,
`request_path=${shellQuote(requestPath)}`,
"mkdir -p \"$response_dir\"",
...buildRemotePidLockAcquireScript("\"$lock_dir\"", "Timed out acquiring sandbox callback bridge response lock."),
...buildRemotePidLockCleanupScript("\"$lock_dir\"", [
"rm -f \"$temp_path\"",
]),
"if [ -n \"$request_path\" ] && [ ! -f \"$request_path\" ]; then",
" printf '{\"wrote\":false}\\n'",
" exit 0",
"fi",
"if [ -f \"$response_path\" ]; then",
" printf '{\"wrote\":false}\\n'",
" exit 0",
"fi",
"cat > \"$temp_path\"",
"mv \"$temp_path\" \"$response_path\"",
"printf '{\"wrote\":true}\\n'",
].join("\n"),
timeoutMs,
shellCommand,
body,
);
requireSuccessfulResult(`write bridge response ${responsePath}`, result);
try {
return {
wrote: JSON.parse(result.stdout.trim())?.wrote === true,
};
} catch (error) {
throw new Error(
`Sandbox callback bridge response write wrote invalid result JSON: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
);
}
},
rename: async (fromPath, toPath) => {
await runChecked(
`rename ${fromPath}`,
`mkdir -p ${shellQuote(path.posix.dirname(toPath))} && mv ${shellQuote(fromPath)} ${shellQuote(toPath)}`,
);
},
remove: async (remotePath) => {
await runChecked(`remove ${remotePath}`, `rm -rf ${shellQuote(remotePath)}`);
},
};
}
async function writeBridgeResponse(
client: SandboxCallbackBridgeQueueClient,
requestPath: string,
responsePath: string,
response: SandboxCallbackBridgeResponse,
options: { requireRequestPath?: boolean } = {},
) {
const body = `${JSON.stringify(response)}\n`;
if (client.writeResponseFile) {
await client.writeResponseFile(responsePath, body, options.requireRequestPath === false ? {} : { requestPath });
return;
}
const tempPath = `${responsePath}.tmp`;
await client.writeTextFile(tempPath, body);
await client.rename(tempPath, responsePath);
}
export async function startSandboxCallbackBridgeWorker(input: {
client: SandboxCallbackBridgeQueueClient;
queueDir: string;
pollIntervalMs?: number | null;
// Per-iteration timeout for one poll-loop client call (the `listJsonFiles`
// poll and one `processRequestFile`). On timeout the loop `catch` runs
// `failPendingRequests`. Defaults to DEFAULT_BRIDGE_ITERATION_TIMEOUT_MS.
iterationTimeoutMs?: number | null;
// Watchdog threshold. When the loop makes no successful iteration within this
// time, the watchdog runs `failPendingRequests` and surfaces a run-level error
// through `runtimeSpan`. Defaults to DEFAULT_BRIDGE_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT_MS.
watchdogTimeoutMs?: number | null;
// Grace the recovery path gives an aborted in-flight handler to finalize its
// own response before the recovery path writes a non-retryable 504 backstop.
// Defaults to DEFAULT_BRIDGE_ABORTED_HANDLER_GRACE_MS.
abortedHandlerGraceMs?: number | null;
authorizeRequest?: (request: SandboxCallbackBridgeRequest) => string | null | Promise<string | null>;
// Handle one bridge request. The worker passes an `AbortSignal` through
// `options.signal`. The per-iteration timeout, the watchdog, and worker
// failure recovery abort it, so a handler that threads the signal into its
// work (for example a `fetch`) stops and rejects instead of running forever.
// The handler then finalizes with its own error response, so the request does
// not strand with no response. A handler that ignores the signal keeps its
// earlier behavior.
handleRequest: (
request: SandboxCallbackBridgeRequest,
options?: { signal: AbortSignal },
) => Promise<{
status: number;
headers?: Record<string, string>;
body?: string;
}>;
maxBodyBytes?: number | null;
// Return the current-run parent-context token. The worker reads it per request
// and runs the request work under it, so the request `sandbox.exec` span
// parents to the live run span (`agent.turn` during the turn, `task.run`
// otherwise). When it is absent, the request work runs with an empty store,
// exactly like the earlier `runWithoutActiveStep` behavior.
getRuntimeParentContext?: () => StartupSpanContext | undefined;
// Wrap each Paperclip-API callback request in a
// `sandbox.callbackBridge.relayRequest` span, so the request's read, write, and
// remove execs group under one named span. When it is absent, the request work
// runs under the run parent with no wrapper span, exactly like the earlier
// behavior.
runtimeSpan?: RuntimeSpanRunner;
}): Promise<SandboxCallbackBridgeWorkerHandle> {
const pollIntervalMs = normalizeTimeoutMs(input.pollIntervalMs, DEFAULT_BRIDGE_POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
const iterationTimeoutMs = normalizeTimeoutMs(input.iterationTimeoutMs, DEFAULT_BRIDGE_ITERATION_TIMEOUT_MS);
const watchdogTimeoutMs = normalizeTimeoutMs(input.watchdogTimeoutMs, DEFAULT_BRIDGE_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT_MS);
const abortedHandlerGraceMs = normalizeTimeoutMs(
input.abortedHandlerGraceMs,
DEFAULT_BRIDGE_ABORTED_HANDLER_GRACE_MS,
);
const maxBodyBytes = normalizeTimeoutMs(input.maxBodyBytes, DEFAULT_BRIDGE_MAX_BODY_BYTES);
const directories = sandboxCallbackBridgeDirectories(input.queueDir);
const queueDirectories = [
directories.rootDir,
directories.requestsDir,
directories.responsesDir,
directories.logsDir,
];
if (input.client.makeDirs) {
await input.client.makeDirs(queueDirectories);
} else {
// Backward-compatible fallback for a queue client that omits the batched
// makeDirs method. Create each queue directory with a single makeDir.
for (const directory of queueDirectories) {
await input.client.makeDir(directory);
}
}
let stopping = false;
let inFlight = 0;
let settled = false;
let stopDeadline = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
let settleResolve: (() => void) | null = null;
const settledPromise = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
settleResolve = resolve;
});
const authorizeRequest = input.authorizeRequest ??
((request: SandboxCallbackBridgeRequest) => authorizeSandboxCallbackBridgeRequestWithRoutes(request));
const buildWorkerFailureMessage = (error: unknown) =>
`Sandbox callback bridge worker failed: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`;
// Per-attempt finalization guard. Each `processRequestFile` call registers one,
// keyed by the request file name. The guard is the completion fence between the
// request handler and the per-iteration timeout or watchdog recovery. Node runs
// one event loop, so a synchronous check-and-set of `claim` is atomic. The
// first path to move `claim` off `unclaimed` wins.
//
// The `claim` value has three states:
// - `unclaimed`: no path owns the request yet.
// - `handler`: the request handler owns finalization. It set this before it
// started the host operation, or when it wrote a 400/403/response. It will
// write the real response.
// - `abandon`: the recovery path owns the request. It writes a 503.
//
// The recovery path must never write a 503 for a request whose handler already
// started. The per-iteration timeout and the watchdog cannot cancel a host
// operation that is in flight. A 503 there makes the caller retry while the
// original mutation still completes, so the mutation applies twice. So the
// recovery path abandons only a request that the handler did not yet claim; the
// handler, when it later reaches the host-operation claim, sees the abandon and
// does not run the mutation. This keeps a retry after the 503 exactly-once.
//
// Each guard also holds an `AbortController`. The recovery path aborts it, so a
// handler that already started (claim `handler`) stops its work and finalizes
// with its own error response. The abort turns a stranded request into a prompt
// error response for a handler that threads the signal into its work.
//
// A worker abort reaches the handler only after the host operation started, so
// the mutation may have committed. The bridge cannot cancel a host operation
// that is in flight. So the handler finalizes a worker-aborted request with a
// non-retryable 504, not a retryable 502. The caller must not retry a 504, so
// it never re-applies a mutation that already committed. A retry-safe 503 comes
// only from the recovery path, and only before the host operation starts.
//
// A handler that ignores the abort signal and never settles would still keep
// the request without a response, because the recovery path must not write a
// competing 503 for an in-flight mutation. So the recovery path also arms a
// backstop timer for each handler-owned request. It aborts the handler, then
// waits `abortedHandlerGraceMs`. A cooperating handler finalizes inside the
// grace, so its own response wins and `finalize` clears the timer. A handler
// that never settles does not finalize inside the grace; the timer then writes
// a non-retryable 504 backstop, so the request never strands. The backstop is
// non-retryable for the same reason the handler's own 504 is: the recovery
// cannot cancel a committed mutation, so the caller must not retry.
//
// The `finalized` flag is the single-writer fence between the handler's own
// `finalize` and the backstop timer. Node runs one event loop, so the
// synchronous check-and-set is atomic. The first path to set it writes the
// terminal response; the other bails.
type RequestFinalizeGuard = {
claim: "unclaimed" | "handler" | "abandon";
controller: AbortController;
finalized: boolean;
backstopTimer?: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>;
};
const inFlightRequestGuards = new Map<string, RequestFinalizeGuard>();
const processRequestFile = async (fileName: string) => {
// Skip a request that already has an active attempt. The guard map holds only
// in-flight attempts; the attempt's finally removes its guard when it ends. A
// file that still has a guard is in flight, or it waits for its aborted-handler
// 504 backstop. A second attempt would register a new guard and re-run the host
// mutation, so the mutation could apply twice.
if (inFlightRequestGuards.has(fileName)) {
return;
}
const requestPath = path.posix.join(directories.requestsDir, fileName);
const responsePath = path.posix.join(directories.responsesDir, fileName);
const guard: RequestFinalizeGuard = {
claim: "unclaimed",
controller: new AbortController(),
finalized: false,
};
inFlightRequestGuards.set(fileName, guard);
// Claim the request for the handler. Return `false` when the recovery path
// already claimed it; the caller must then not run the mutation and must not
// write a response, because the recovery path writes a 503 and the caller
// may retry.
const claimForHandler = (): boolean => {
if (guard.claim === "abandon") {
return false;
}
guard.claim = "handler";
return true;
};
// Finalize the request exactly once. Claim it for the handler first. When the
// recovery path already won the claim, skip both the write and the remove.
// The `finalized` fence stops a double write when the backstop timer already
// wrote a 504 for a handler the recovery path aborted. The handler wins when
// it settles inside the grace; the backstop wins when the handler never
// settles.
const finalize = async (response: SandboxCallbackBridgeResponse) => {
if (!claimForHandler()) {
return;
}
if (guard.finalized) {
return;
}
guard.finalized = true;
// This finalize now owns delivery for the request, so drop a pending
// backstop timer. The handler settled inside the grace, so the backstop no
// longer needs to wait; `finalize` delivers the terminal response itself,
// inline, and never leaves the request file for a detached timer that the
// busy poll loop could starve.
if (guard.backstopTimer !== undefined) {
clearTimeout(guard.backstopTimer);
guard.backstopTimer = undefined;
}
// Write the handler response, bounded by the per-iteration timeout so a
// hung sandbox channel never strands the caller until its own generic
// deadline. Retry a transient write failure, exactly like the 504 backstop
// write.
let lastWriteError = "Sandbox callback bridge could not write the handler response.";
for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= MAX_BACKSTOP_WRITE_ATTEMPTS; attempt += 1) {
try {
await withTimeout(
writeBridgeResponse(input.client, requestPath, responsePath, response),
iterationTimeoutMs,
`Sandbox callback bridge write response for ${response.id}`,
);
await input.client.remove(requestPath).catch(() => undefined);
return;
} catch (error) {
lastWriteError = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
console.warn(
`[paperclip] sandbox callback bridge failed to write response for ${response.id} (attempt ${attempt}/${MAX_BACKSTOP_WRITE_ATTEMPTS}): ${lastWriteError}`,
);
if (attempt < MAX_BACKSTOP_WRITE_ATTEMPTS) {
await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, BACKSTOP_WRITE_RETRY_MS));
}
}
}
// Every handler-response write failed. Deliver a non-retryable 504 backstop
// inline, so the caller gets a terminal response instead of a retryable 503
// that repeats a possibly-committed mutation, or a strand until its own
// deadline. Roll the `finalized` fence back so `writeAbortedHandlerBackstop`
// can proceed; it re-fences, retries the 504 write, and removes the request
// file. Await it, so the request file does not linger for the poll loop
// while the loop still runs.
guard.finalized = false;
await writeAbortedHandlerBackstop(fileName, guard, lastWriteError);
};
try {
let raw: string;
try {
raw = await input.client.readTextFile(requestPath);
} catch (error) {
// The gateway deletes a request file when its caller stops waiting
// (client-side timeout cleanup). A read that fails because the file is
// gone is that benign race, not a channel fault: confirm the file
// vanished and skip quietly instead of escalating into a recovery
// pass. A file that is still listed rethrows, so a real read fault
// keeps its existing handling.
const remaining = await input.client.listJsonFiles(directories.requestsDir).catch(() => null);
if (remaining !== null && !remaining.includes(fileName)) {
return;
}
throw error;
}
let request: SandboxCallbackBridgeRequest;
try {
request = JSON.parse(raw) as SandboxCallbackBridgeRequest;
} catch {
const requestId = fileName.replace(/\.json$/i, "") || randomUUID();
await finalize({
id: requestId,
status: 400,
headers: { "content-type": "application/json" },
body: JSON.stringify({ error: "Invalid bridge request payload." }),
completedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
});
return;
}
const denialReason = await authorizeRequest(request);
if (denialReason) {
await finalize({
id: request.id,
status: 403,
headers: { "content-type": "application/json" },
body: JSON.stringify({ error: denialReason }),
completedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
});
return;
}
// Claim the request for the handler before the host operation starts. When
// the recovery path already claimed it, it writes a 503 and the caller may
// retry, so do not run the mutation; the retry then applies it once. When
// the handler claims first, the recovery path leaves the request alone and
// the handler writes the real response.
if (!claimForHandler()) {
return;
}
// Build the response, then finalize once. The handler already holds the
// claim, so `finalize` writes the real response.
let response: SandboxCallbackBridgeResponse;
try {
const result = await input.handleRequest(request, { signal: guard.controller.signal });
const responseBody = result.body ?? "";
if (Buffer.byteLength(responseBody, "utf8") > maxBodyBytes) {
throw new Error(`Bridge response body exceeded the configured size limit of ${maxBodyBytes} bytes.`);
}
response = {
id: request.id,
status: result.status,
headers: result.headers ?? {},
body: responseBody,
completedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
};
} catch (error) {
console.warn(
`[paperclip] sandbox callback bridge handler failed for ${request.id}: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
);
// Tell a worker abort apart from a normal handler failure. The recovery
// path aborts `guard.controller` when the per-iteration timeout or the
// watchdog fires. The abort reaches this catch only after the handler
// claimed the request and started the host operation. The bridge cannot
// cancel a host operation that is in flight, so the mutation may have
// committed. A 502 (or 503) is a retryable status: the caller retries it
// and applies the mutation twice. So return a non-retryable 504 and mark
// the outcome indeterminate. The caller must not retry a 504 from the
// bridge, unlike the retry-safe 503 that the recovery path writes only
// before the host operation starts.
if (guard.controller.signal.aborted) {
response = {
id: request.id,
status: 504,
headers: {
"content-type": "application/json",
"x-paperclip-bridge-outcome": "indeterminate",
},
body: JSON.stringify({
error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
outcome: "indeterminate",
retryable: false,
}),
completedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
};
} else {
response = {
id: request.id,
status: 502,
headers: { "content-type": "application/json" },
body: JSON.stringify({
error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
}),
completedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
};
}
}
await finalize(response);
} finally {
// Drop the guard only when it still points to this attempt. A retry can
// register a new attempt under the same file name; that new guard must
// stay in the map. Keep the guard when a backstop is still pending: a
// failed terminal write re-arms the backstop and keeps the request file,
// so the guard must stay in the map. The poll loop then skips the file and
// does not re-run a possibly-committed mutation before the backstop writes
// its 504.
if (guard.backstopTimer === undefined && inFlightRequestGuards.get(fileName) === guard) {
inFlightRequestGuards.delete(fileName);
}
}
};
// Write the non-retryable 504 backstop for an aborted handler that did not
// finalize inside the grace. The `finalized` fence makes this a no-op when the
// handler already wrote its own response. The request file name is the request
// id plus `.json`, so derive the id from it without another client read that
// could hang on the same dead channel.
const writeAbortedHandlerBackstop = async (
fileName: string,
guard: RequestFinalizeGuard,
message: string,
) => {
guard.backstopTimer = undefined;
if (guard.finalized) {
return;
}
guard.finalized = true;
const requestPath = path.posix.join(directories.requestsDir, fileName);
const responsePath = path.posix.join(directories.responsesDir, fileName);
const requestId = fileName.replace(/\.json$/i, "") || randomUUID();
for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= MAX_BACKSTOP_WRITE_ATTEMPTS; attempt += 1) {
try {
await withTimeout(
writeBridgeResponse(input.client, requestPath, responsePath, {
id: requestId,
status: 504,
headers: {
"content-type": "application/json",
"x-paperclip-bridge-outcome": "indeterminate",
},
body: JSON.stringify({ error: message, outcome: "indeterminate", retryable: false }),
completedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
}, {
requireRequestPath: false,
}),
iterationTimeoutMs,
`Sandbox callback bridge write 504 backstop for ${requestId}`,
);
// The 504 backstop reached the caller. Remove the request file, so the
// poll loop does not list it again and re-run the mutation.
await input.client.remove(requestPath).catch(() => undefined);
return;
} catch (error) {
console.warn(
`[paperclip] sandbox callback bridge failed to write 504 backstop for ${requestId} (attempt ${attempt}/${MAX_BACKSTOP_WRITE_ATTEMPTS}): ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
);
if (attempt < MAX_BACKSTOP_WRITE_ATTEMPTS) {
await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, BACKSTOP_WRITE_RETRY_MS));
}
}
}
// Every backstop write failed. Keep the request file and clear the fence, so a
// late handler can still finalize its own 504. The guard stays in the map, so
// the poll loop skips the file and does not re-run the mutation. A removed
// file plus a set fence would strand the caller until its own deadline and
// give it a generic 502 instead of the terminal 504.
//
// Re-arm the backstop directly. A stuck handler never settles, so its
// `processRequestFile` never runs the `finally` that drops the guard. The
// poll loop then skips the file on each iteration, so every iteration
// succeeds and the watchdog never trips again. No later recovery pass runs,
// so a re-arm here is the only path that retries the 504 write. Clear the
// fence before the re-arm, because `scheduleAbortedHandlerBackstop` bails on
// a set fence. The re-arm only re-writes the 504 response; it never re-runs
// the mutation, so a retry cannot apply the mutation twice.
guard.finalized = false;
scheduleAbortedHandlerBackstop(fileName, guard, message);
};
// Arm the backstop timer for a handler the recovery path just aborted. It is
// idempotent: a second recovery pass (the watchdog and the loop catch both run
// `failPendingRequests`) does not re-arm a live timer or one that already
// finalized.
const scheduleAbortedHandlerBackstop = (
fileName: string,
guard: RequestFinalizeGuard,
message: string,
) => {
if (guard.finalized || guard.backstopTimer !== undefined) {
return;
}
guard.backstopTimer = setTimeout(() => {
void writeAbortedHandlerBackstop(fileName, guard, message);
}, abortedHandlerGraceMs);
if (typeof guard.backstopTimer.unref === "function") {
guard.backstopTimer.unref();
}
};
// Abort every queued request with a 503. The `abandonInFlight` option controls
// the completion fence for a request a `processRequestFile` attempt still owns.
// The timeout and watchdog recovery pass `true`: the loop already gave up on
// the request. When the handler did not yet start the host operation, claim the
// request so a later handler claim bails, then write the 503. When the handler
// already started, skip the 503; the recovery cannot cancel an in-flight host
// operation, and a 503 there would make the caller retry and apply the mutation
// twice. The stop drain passes `false` (the default): a request the loop
// already picked up keeps its normal completion, so a late handler result still
// wins over the drain 503, exactly like the earlier stop behavior.
const failPendingRequests = async (
message: string,
options: { abandonInFlight?: boolean } = {},
) => {
if (options.abandonInFlight) {
// Abort every in-flight handler first, then arm its 504 backstop. The loop
// already gave up on the request. A handler that threads the signal into
// its work stops, rejects, and finalizes with its own error response inside
// the grace, so the request does not strand. A handler that ignores the
// signal and never settles does not finalize inside the grace; the backstop
// timer then writes a non-retryable 504, so the request still never
// strands. This reads the guard map directly, so it runs even when the
// request listing below fails on the same dead channel. It never writes a
// 503 for a handler-owned request: the recovery cannot cancel a committed
// host mutation, so a retryable status there could apply the mutation twice.
for (const [fileName, guard] of inFlightRequestGuards.entries()) {
if (guard.claim === "handler") {
guard.controller.abort(new Error(message));
scheduleAbortedHandlerBackstop(fileName, guard, message);
}
}
}
// Wrap each client call in the per-iteration timeout. When the sandbox
// channel is unresponsive, a client call hangs with no reject. The timeout
// keeps this recovery path fail-fast, so it never re-hangs on the same dead
// channel that triggered the recovery.
const fileNames = await withTimeout(
input.client.listJsonFiles(directories.requestsDir),
iterationTimeoutMs,
"Sandbox callback bridge list pending requests",
).catch(() => [] as string[]);
for (const fileName of fileNames) {
const guard = inFlightRequestGuards.get(fileName);
if (guard && guard.claim === "handler" && (options.abandonInFlight || guard.controller.signal.aborted)) {
// The handler already started this request's host operation, or it already
// finalized the request. The timeout and watchdog cannot cancel a host
// operation that is in flight. A competing 503 here makes the caller retry
// while the original mutation still completes, so the mutation applies
// twice. Leave the request for the handler to finalize, or for the 504
// backstop to finalize when the handler never settles. The recovery path
// reaches this skip through `abandonInFlight`. The stop drain reaches it
// only when the recovery path already aborted the handler, so a request
// whose 504 backstop write failed and kept its file never gets a competing
// 503 on stop. A normal in-flight handler at a graceful stop is not
// aborted, so it still gets the stop drain 503.
continue;
}
if (options.abandonInFlight && guard) {
// The handler did not start the host operation yet. Claim the request, so
// the handler bails at its host-operation claim instead of running the
// mutation. A retry after the 503 then applies the mutation once.
guard.claim = "abandon";
}
const requestPath = path.posix.join(directories.requestsDir, fileName);
const responsePath = path.posix.join(directories.responsesDir, fileName);
const requestId = fileName.replace(/\.json$/i, "") || randomUUID();
let responseId = requestId;
try {
const raw = await withTimeout(
input.client.readTextFile(requestPath),
iterationTimeoutMs,
`Sandbox callback bridge read pending request ${requestId}`,
);
const parsed = JSON.parse(raw) as Partial<SandboxCallbackBridgeRequest>;
if (typeof parsed.id === "string" && parsed.id.length > 0) {
responseId = parsed.id;
}
} catch (error) {
// The read or the parse failed, most likely on the same dead channel that
// triggered this recovery. Keep the request file, so a later recovery pass
// can still read it and deliver a terminal 503. A remove here drops the
// request and strands the caller until its own deadline.
console.warn(
`[paperclip] sandbox callback bridge could not read pending request ${requestId}: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
);
continue;
}
// Write the 503 first, then remove the request file only after the write
// lands. Retry a transient failure, bounded by the per-iteration timeout,
// exactly like the finalize and 504 backstop writes. When every attempt
// fails, keep the request file. A later recovery pass, or the caller retry,
// then still finds the queued request and delivers a terminal 503, instead
// of a silent drop that strands the caller until its own deadline. The
// request is unclaimed or abandoned, so its host mutation never ran; a later
// 503 stays exactly-once.
let wrote503 = false;
let lastWriteError = "Sandbox callback bridge could not write the recovery 503.";
for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= MAX_BACKSTOP_WRITE_ATTEMPTS; attempt += 1) {
try {
await withTimeout(
writeBridgeResponse(input.client, requestPath, responsePath, {
id: responseId,
status: 503,
headers: { "content-type": "application/json" },
body: JSON.stringify({ error: message }),
completedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
}, {
requireRequestPath: false,
}),
iterationTimeoutMs,
`Sandbox callback bridge write 503 for ${requestId}`,
);
wrote503 = true;
break;
} catch (error) {
lastWriteError = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
console.warn(
`[paperclip] sandbox callback bridge failed to write recovery 503 for ${requestId} (attempt ${attempt}/${MAX_BACKSTOP_WRITE_ATTEMPTS}): ${lastWriteError}`,
);
if (attempt < MAX_BACKSTOP_WRITE_ATTEMPTS) {
await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, BACKSTOP_WRITE_RETRY_MS));
}
}
}
if (wrote503) {
// The 503 landed. Remove the request file, so the poll loop does not
// re-process it.
await input.client.remove(requestPath).catch(() => undefined);
} else {
// Every 503 write failed. Keep the request file for a later recovery pass.
console.warn(
`[paperclip] sandbox callback bridge kept queued request ${requestId} after every recovery 503 write failed: ${lastWriteError}`,
);
}
}
};
// Surface a bridge-worker failure through the run trace, not only stdout. A
// failed span under `input.runtimeSpan` records the error against the live run
// span, so the run and the orchestrator see the hang. When no `runtimeSpan`
// runner is wired (no injected tracer), the helper still writes a warn line,
// so the failure is never silent.
const surfaceRunError = async (error: Error) => {
if (input.runtimeSpan) {
try {
await input.runtimeSpan(CALLBACK_BRIDGE_WORKER_FAILED_SPAN, async () => {
throw error;
});
} catch {
// `runtimeSpan` re-throws after it records the failed span. The error is
// now on the trace; swallow it here so the worker recovery continues.
}
}
console.warn(`[paperclip] ${error.message}`);
};
// The timestamp of the last successful loop iteration. The watchdog compares
// it to the current time. The idle branch and every processed request update
// it, so steady progress keeps the watchdog re-armed.
let lastSuccessfulIterationAt = Date.now();
let watchdogTrippedAt: number | null = null;
let watchdogTripInFlight = false;
// Check often enough to fire soon after the threshold, but not so often that
// the check adds load. One fifth of the threshold, with a 10ms floor.
const watchdogCheckIntervalMs = Math.max(10, Math.floor(watchdogTimeoutMs / 5));
const handleWatchdogTrip = async (idleMs: number) => {
const message = `Sandbox callback bridge made no successful poll iteration for ${idleMs}ms; the sandbox connection is unresponsive.`;
await surfaceRunError(new Error(message));
try {
await failPendingRequests(message, { abandonInFlight: true });
} catch (error) {
console.warn(
`[paperclip] sandbox callback bridge watchdog failed to abort queued requests: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
);
}
};
// Start the long-lived poll loop outside the measured startup-step store.
// The `makeDir` calls above are startup work and must keep the active
// `bridge.paperclip` step. The loop runs run-time execs for the whole run,
// so each loop `sandbox.exec` span must not parent to the ended step or copy
// its `criticalPath` flag. `runWithoutActiveStep` empties the store for the
// loop only; Node keeps the empty store on every later poll continuation.
const loop = runWithoutActiveStep(() => (async () => {
// The watchdog runs on its own timer, so it fires even while the loop is
// stuck on an awaited client call. It is the backstop for a hang the
// per-iteration timeout does not catch. `unref` keeps it from holding the
// process open. The loop `finally` clears it on every exit.
const watchdogTimer = setInterval(() => {
if (settled || stopping) return;
const idleMs = Date.now() - lastSuccessfulIterationAt;
if (idleMs < watchdogTimeoutMs) return;
// Fire once per hang period. Re-arm only after the loop advances
// `lastSuccessfulIterationAt` past the last trip (a new successful
// iteration), so a persistent hang never fires the watchdog repeatedly.
if (watchdogTrippedAt !== null && watchdogTrippedAt >= lastSuccessfulIterationAt) return;
if (watchdogTripInFlight) return;
watchdogTrippedAt = Date.now();
watchdogTripInFlight = true;
void handleWatchdogTrip(idleMs).finally(() => {
watchdogTripInFlight = false;
});
}, watchdogCheckIntervalMs);
if (typeof watchdogTimer.unref === "function") {
watchdogTimer.unref();
}
try {
// Consecutive transient poll failures. A single failed list call — one
// reset or slow sandbox exec — must not end the relay for the rest of the
// run: the in-sandbox gateway keeps queueing requests, so a dead loop
// strands every later API call from the agent (its status writes then look
// like connection failures and the issue loses its disposition). Back off
// and retry the poll instead. The watchdog stays the escalation path for a
// sustained outage — it fires after `watchdogTimeoutMs` without a
// successful iteration and fails the queued requests fast, while this loop
// keeps probing for recovery.
let consecutivePollFailures = 0;
while (true) {
let fileNames: string[];
try {
fileNames = await withTimeout(
input.client.listJsonFiles(directories.requestsDir),
iterationTimeoutMs,
"Sandbox callback bridge list requests",
);
consecutivePollFailures = 0;
} catch (error) {
if (stopping) {
break;
}
consecutivePollFailures += 1;
const message = `${buildWorkerFailureMessage(error)} (transient poll failure ${consecutivePollFailures}; retrying)`;
if (consecutivePollFailures === 1) {
// Put the first failure of a streak on the run trace; later repeats
// only warn, so a flapping channel does not spam failed spans.
await surfaceRunError(new Error(message));
} else {
console.warn(`[paperclip] ${message}`);
}
const backoffMs = Math.min(
pollIntervalMs * 2 ** consecutivePollFailures,
MAX_TRANSIENT_ITERATION_BACKOFF_MS,
);
await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, backoffMs));
continue;
}
// A file whose attempt is still in flight (or waiting on its 504
// backstop) is not actionable: `processRequestFile` would skip it via
// the guard map. Treat an all-guarded listing like an empty one and
// sleep a poll interval. Re-listing immediately would spin the loop —
// an exec storm against a real sandbox channel, and with an in-memory
// client a pure-microtask loop that starves every timer in the process
// (including the guard's own backstop and abort timers).
const actionableFileNames = fileNames.filter((fileName) => !inFlightRequestGuards.has(fileName));
if (actionableFileNames.length === 0) {
lastSuccessfulIterationAt = Date.now();
if (stopping) {
break;
}
await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, pollIntervalMs));
continue;
}
for (const fileName of actionableFileNames) {
if (stopping && Date.now() >= stopDeadline) break;
inFlight += 1;
try {
// A request is run-time work, not startup work. Wrap it in a
// `sandbox.callbackBridge.relayRequest` span, so its read, write, and
// remove execs group under one named span that parents to the live
// run span. The span runner reads the run parent per request: the
// live parent switches to `agent.turn` during the turn and back to
// `task.run` after it. Without a runner, the request runs under the
// run parent with no wrapper span, exactly like the earlier behavior.
// The per-iteration timeout wraps the whole request, so a hung
// request rejects and the catch below runs the recovery pass.
await withTimeout(
input.runtimeSpan
? input.runtimeSpan(CALLBACK_BRIDGE_RELAY_REQUEST_SPAN, () =>
processRequestFile(fileName),
)
: runWithRuntimeParent(input.getRuntimeParentContext?.(), () =>
processRequestFile(fileName),
),
iterationTimeoutMs,
`Sandbox callback bridge process request ${fileName}`,
);
lastSuccessfulIterationAt = Date.now();
} catch (error) {
// A single request attempt failed or hung. Run the same recovery
// pass the loop previously died on — abort the in-flight handler
// (its 504 backstop keeps the caller from stranding) and 503 the
// unclaimed queued requests — but keep the loop alive afterward. A
// caller that sees the retry-safe 503 re-queues, and the recovered
// loop serves the retry; the old terminal catch left every later
// request to strand instead.
const message = buildWorkerFailureMessage(error);
await surfaceRunError(new Error(message));
try {
await failPendingRequests(message, { abandonInFlight: true });
} catch (failPendingError) {
console.warn(
`[paperclip] sandbox callback bridge failed to abort queued requests after a request failure: ${failPendingError instanceof Error ? failPendingError.message : String(failPendingError)}`,
);
}
} finally {
inFlight -= 1;
}
}
lastSuccessfulIterationAt = Date.now();
if (stopping && Date.now() >= stopDeadline) {
break;
}
}
} catch (error) {
const message = buildWorkerFailureMessage(error);
await surfaceRunError(new Error(message));
try {
await failPendingRequests(message, { abandonInFlight: true });
} catch (failPendingError) {
console.warn(
`[paperclip] sandbox callback bridge failed to abort queued requests after worker failure: ${failPendingError instanceof Error ? failPendingError.message : String(failPendingError)}`,
);
}
} finally {
clearInterval(watchdogTimer);
settled = true;
if (settleResolve) {
settleResolve();
}
}
})());
void loop;
return {
stop: async (options = {}) => {
stopping = true;
const drainMs = normalizeTimeoutMs(options.drainTimeoutMs, DEFAULT_BRIDGE_STOP_TIMEOUT_MS);
stopDeadline = Date.now() + drainMs;
if (!settled) {
await Promise.race([
settledPromise,
new Promise<void>((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, drainMs)),
]);
}
await failPendingRequests("Bridge worker stopped before request could be handled.");
},
};
}
/**
* Content-hash-skip write of a Paperclip-authored text file into the sandbox, in
* a SINGLE remote exec. The body's sha256 is computed on the host; the one shell
* round-trip skips the write entirely when the remote file already hashes to the
* same value (warm start — 0 write execs), otherwise it uploads (base64 over
* stdin), verifies the decoded bytes, and atomically renames into place. A
* PID-liveness lock serializes concurrent writers to the same path and the
* verify step guards against a torn upload.
*
* Fail loudly: a non-zero remote exit (surfaced by `requireSuccessfulResult`) or
* malformed result JSON throws rather than silently re-uploading and masking a
* failed check. The only intentional degradation is when the remote has neither
* `sha256sum` nor `shasum` — then the skip cannot be proven and we conservatively
* re-upload (and the post-upload verify is best-effort, as noted inline).
*/
export async function syncRemoteTextFileWithHashSkip(input: {
runner: CommandManagedRuntimeRunner;
remoteCwd: string;
remoteDir: string;
remotePath: string;
body: string;
// Human-readable noun phrase used in fail-loud messages, e.g.
// "Sandbox callback bridge entrypoint" / "Process session remote script".
label: string;
// Short action label for `requireSuccessfulResult`, e.g.
// "sync sandbox callback bridge entrypoint".
action: string;
lockDir: string;
timeoutMs?: number | null;
shellCommand?: "bash" | "sh" | null;
}): Promise<{ uploaded: boolean; sha256: string }> {
const timeoutMs = normalizeTimeoutMs(input.timeoutMs, DEFAULT_BRIDGE_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT_MS);
const shellCommand = preferredShellForSandbox(input.shellCommand);
const remotePartial = `${input.remotePath}.partial`;
const remoteUploadPath = `${input.remotePath}.paperclip-upload.b64`;
const base64Body = toBuffer(Buffer.from(input.body, "utf8")).toString("base64");
const sha256 = createHash("sha256").update(input.body, "utf8").digest("hex");
const syncResult = await runShell(
input.runner,
input.remoteCwd,
[
"set -eu",
`remote_dir=${shellQuote(input.remoteDir)}`,
`remote_path=${shellQuote(input.remotePath)}`,
`remote_partial=${shellQuote(remotePartial)}`,
`remote_upload=${shellQuote(remoteUploadPath)}`,
`lock_dir=${shellQuote(input.lockDir)}`,
`expected_sha=${shellQuote(sha256)}`,
"hash_file() {",
" if command -v sha256sum >/dev/null 2>&1; then",
" sha256sum \"$1\" | awk '{print $1}'",
" return 0",
" fi",
" if command -v shasum >/dev/null 2>&1; then",
" shasum -a 256 \"$1\" | awk '{print $1}'",
" return 0",
" fi",
" return 127",
"}",
"mkdir -p \"$remote_dir\"",
...buildRemotePidLockAcquireScript("\"$lock_dir\"", `Timed out acquiring ${input.label} upload lock.`),
...buildRemotePidLockCleanupScript("\"$lock_dir\"", [
"rm -f \"$remote_upload\" \"$remote_partial\"",
]),
"current_sha=\"\"",
"if [ -f \"$remote_path\" ]; then",
" current_sha=\"$(hash_file \"$remote_path\" 2>/dev/null)\" || current_sha=\"\"",
"fi",
"if [ -n \"$current_sha\" ] && [ \"$current_sha\" = \"$expected_sha\" ]; then",
" printf '{\"uploaded\":false}\\n'",
" exit 0",
"fi",
"rm -f \"$remote_upload\" \"$remote_partial\"",
"cat > \"$remote_upload\"",
"base64 -d < \"$remote_upload\" > \"$remote_partial\"",
// Verify upload integrity. If neither sha256sum nor shasum is on PATH
// (minimal Alpine/scratch images), surface the missing-tool error
// instead of a misleading "sha mismatch" — the verify step is then
// best-effort and we trust base64-decode + atomic rename below.
"if partial_sha=\"$(hash_file \"$remote_partial\" 2>/dev/null)\"; then",
" if [ \"$partial_sha\" != \"$expected_sha\" ]; then",
` echo ${shellQuote(`${input.label} upload sha mismatch.`)} >&2`,
" exit 1",
" fi",
"else",
` echo ${shellQuote(`${input.label} sha verify skipped: no sha256sum/shasum on remote.`)} >&2`,
"fi",
"mv \"$remote_partial\" \"$remote_path\"",
"printf '{\"uploaded\":true}\\n'",
].join("\n"),
timeoutMs,
shellCommand,
base64Body,
);
requireSuccessfulResult(input.action, syncResult);
let uploaded = false;
try {
uploaded = JSON.parse(syncResult.stdout.trim())?.uploaded === true;
} catch (error) {
throw new Error(
`${input.label} sync wrote invalid result JSON: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
);
}
return { uploaded, sha256 };
}
export async function syncSandboxCallbackBridgeEntrypoint(input: {
runner: CommandManagedRuntimeRunner;
remoteCwd: string;
assetRemoteDir: string;
bridgeAsset: SandboxCallbackBridgeAsset;
timeoutMs?: number | null;
shellCommand?: "bash" | "sh" | null;
}): Promise<{ remoteEntrypoint: string; sha256: string; uploaded: boolean }> {
const remoteEntrypoint = path.posix.join(input.assetRemoteDir, SANDBOX_CALLBACK_BRIDGE_ENTRYPOINT);
const entrypointSource = await fs.readFile(input.bridgeAsset.entrypoint, "utf8");
const { uploaded, sha256 } = await syncRemoteTextFileWithHashSkip({
runner: input.runner,
remoteCwd: input.remoteCwd,
remoteDir: input.assetRemoteDir,
remotePath: remoteEntrypoint,
body: entrypointSource,
label: "Sandbox callback bridge entrypoint",
action: "sync sandbox callback bridge entrypoint",
lockDir: path.posix.join(input.assetRemoteDir, ".paperclip-bridge-upload.lock"),
timeoutMs: input.timeoutMs,
shellCommand: input.shellCommand,
});
return {
remoteEntrypoint,
sha256,
uploaded,
};
}
export async function startSandboxCallbackBridgeServer(input: {
runner: CommandManagedRuntimeRunner;
remoteCwd: string;
assetRemoteDir: string;
queueDir: string;
bridgeToken: string;
bridgeAsset?: SandboxCallbackBridgeAsset | null;
host?: string;
port?: number | null;
pollIntervalMs?: number | null;
responseTimeoutMs?: number | null;
timeoutMs?: number | null;
nodeCommand?: string;
shellCommand?: "bash" | "sh" | null;
maxQueueDepth?: number | null;
maxBodyBytes?: number | null;
}): Promise<StartedSandboxCallbackBridgeServer> {
const timeoutMs = normalizeTimeoutMs(input.timeoutMs, DEFAULT_BRIDGE_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT_MS);
const shellCommand = preferredShellForSandbox(input.shellCommand);
const directories = sandboxCallbackBridgeDirectories(input.queueDir);
let remoteEntrypoint = path.posix.join(input.assetRemoteDir, SANDBOX_CALLBACK_BRIDGE_ENTRYPOINT);
if (input.bridgeAsset) {
const assetSync = await syncSandboxCallbackBridgeEntrypoint({
runner: input.runner,
remoteCwd: input.remoteCwd,
assetRemoteDir: input.assetRemoteDir,
bridgeAsset: input.bridgeAsset,
timeoutMs,
shellCommand,
});
remoteEntrypoint = assetSync.remoteEntrypoint;
}
const env = buildSandboxCallbackBridgeEnv({
queueDir: input.queueDir,
bridgeToken: input.bridgeToken,
host: input.host,
port: input.port,
pollIntervalMs: input.pollIntervalMs,
responseTimeoutMs: input.responseTimeoutMs,
maxQueueDepth: input.maxQueueDepth,
maxBodyBytes: input.maxBodyBytes,
});
const nodeCommand = input.nodeCommand?.trim() || "node";
const startResult = await input.runner.execute({
command: shellCommand,
args: shellCommandArgs(
[
`mkdir -p ${shellQuote(directories.requestsDir)} ${shellQuote(directories.responsesDir)} ${shellQuote(directories.logsDir)}`,
`rm -f ${shellQuote(directories.readyFile)} ${shellQuote(directories.pidFile)}`,
`nohup ${shellQuote(nodeCommand)} ${shellQuote(remoteEntrypoint)} ` +
`>> ${shellQuote(directories.logFile)} 2>&1 < /dev/null &`,
"pid=$!",
`printf '%s\\n' \"$pid\" > ${shellQuote(directories.pidFile)}`,
"printf '{\"pid\":%s}\\n' \"$pid\"",
].join("\n"),
),
cwd: input.remoteCwd,
env: {
[SANDBOX_EXEC_CHANNEL_ENV]: SANDBOX_EXEC_CHANNEL_BRIDGE,
...env,
},
timeoutMs,
});
requireSuccessfulResult("start sandbox callback bridge", startResult);
const readyResult = await runShell(
input.runner,
input.remoteCwd,
[
"i=0",
`while [ \"$i\" -lt 200 ]; do`,
` if [ -s ${shellQuote(directories.readyFile)} ]; then`,
` cat ${shellQuote(directories.readyFile)}`,
" exit 0",
" fi",
` if [ -s ${shellQuote(directories.logFile)} ] && ! kill -0 \"$(cat ${shellQuote(directories.pidFile)} 2>/dev/null)\" 2>/dev/null; then`,
` cat ${shellQuote(directories.logFile)} >&2`,
" exit 1",
" fi",
" i=$((i + 1))",
" sleep 0.05",
"done",
`echo "Timed out waiting for bridge readiness." >&2`,
`if [ -s ${shellQuote(directories.logFile)} ]; then cat ${shellQuote(directories.logFile)} >&2; fi`,
"exit 1",
].join("\n"),
timeoutMs,
shellCommand,
);
requireSuccessfulResult("wait for sandbox callback bridge readiness", readyResult);
let readyData: { host?: string; port?: number; baseUrl?: string; pid?: number };
try {
readyData = JSON.parse(readyResult.stdout.trim()) as { host?: string; port?: number; baseUrl?: string; pid?: number };
} catch (error) {
throw new Error(
`Sandbox callback bridge wrote invalid readiness JSON: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
);
}
const host = typeof readyData.host === "string" && readyData.host.trim().length > 0
? readyData.host.trim()
: "127.0.0.1";
const port = typeof readyData.port === "number" && Number.isFinite(readyData.port) ? readyData.port : 0;
if (!port) {
throw new Error("Sandbox callback bridge did not report a listening port.");
}
const baseUrl =
typeof readyData.baseUrl === "string" && readyData.baseUrl.trim().length > 0
? readyData.baseUrl.trim()
: `http://${host}:${port}`;
return {
baseUrl,
host,
port,
pid: typeof readyData.pid === "number" && Number.isFinite(readyData.pid) ? readyData.pid : 0,
directories,
stop: async () => {
const stopResult = await input.runner.execute({
command: shellCommand,
args: shellCommandArgs(
[
`if [ -s ${shellQuote(directories.pidFile)} ]; then`,
` pid="$(cat ${shellQuote(directories.pidFile)})"`,
" kill \"$pid\" 2>/dev/null || true",
" i=0",
" while kill -0 \"$pid\" 2>/dev/null && [ \"$i\" -lt 40 ]; do",
" i=$((i + 1))",
" sleep 0.05",
" done",
"fi",
`rm -f ${shellQuote(directories.pidFile)} ${shellQuote(directories.readyFile)}`,
].join("\n"),
),
cwd: input.remoteCwd,
env: {
[SANDBOX_EXEC_CHANNEL_ENV]: SANDBOX_EXEC_CHANNEL_BRIDGE,
},
timeoutMs,
});
if (stopResult.timedOut) {
throw new Error(buildRunnerFailureMessage("stop sandbox callback bridge", stopResult));
}
},
};
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Sandbox HTTP/2 client gateway
//
// This gateway turns each local loopback request into one HTTP/2 stream to
// the host server in `http2-bridge-server.ts`. It sits beside the file-mode
// gateway above; it changes neither of them. The generated in-sandbox
// entrypoint and the transport-selection path already select it.
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Constant-time bridge-token compare. Both this sandbox gateway and the host
* server in `http2-bridge-server.ts` import this one helper, so the gateway
* check and the independent host check (accepted security fix 4) apply the
* exact same comparison rule. A length mismatch returns `false` without a
* `timingSafeEqual` call, because `timingSafeEqual` throws on unequal buffer
* lengths; both operands are bridge tokens of near-fixed length, so this one
* length branch leaks no useful timing signal.
*/
export function compareBridgeTokensConstantTime(
expected: string,
received: string | null | undefined,
): boolean {
const expectedBytes = Buffer.from(expected, "utf8");
const receivedBytes = Buffer.from(typeof received === "string" ? received : "", "utf8");
if (expectedBytes.length !== receivedBytes.length) return false;
return timingSafeEqual(expectedBytes, receivedBytes);
}
const SANDBOX_HTTP2_GATEWAY_DEFAULT_AUTHORITY = "bridge.internal";
/** One local request the gateway forwards as one HTTP/2 stream. */
export interface SandboxHttp2BridgeGatewayRequest {
method: string;
path: string;
query: string;
headers: Record<string, string>;
body: Buffer;
/**
* The token the local caller presented. The gateway check (accepted
* security fix 4 keeps this alongside the independent host check) compares
* it against the per-run bridge token before it opens a stream.
*/
receivedToken: string | null | undefined;
}
/** The response one forwarded HTTP/2 stream carried back. */
export interface SandboxHttp2BridgeGatewayResponse {
status: number;
headers: Record<string, string>;
body: Buffer;
}
export interface SandboxHttp2BridgeGateway {
/** Forward one local request as one HTTP/2 stream over the client session. */
forwardRequest(
request: SandboxHttp2BridgeGatewayRequest,
): Promise<SandboxHttp2BridgeGatewayResponse>;
/** Close the HTTP/2 client session. Safe to call more than one time. */
close(): Promise<void>;
}
export interface CreateSandboxHttp2BridgeGatewayOptions {
/**
* The per-run bridge token. The gateway checks every request against it,
* then attaches it to the outbound HTTP/2 stream as the `authorization`
* header, so the host can run its own independent check.
*/
bridgeToken: string;
/**
* Open the transport the HTTP/2 client session runs on. Returns a `Duplex`
* already connected to the host — the sandbox process's own channel in
* production, or one side of a paired in-memory `Duplex` in a test.
*/
createConnection: () => Duplex;
/** The `:authority` pseudo-header value. The channel carries no real network
* address, so this is a fixed label. The default is `bridge.internal`. */
authority?: string;
/** The header allowlist applied to every outbound request. The default is
* {@link DEFAULT_SANDBOX_CALLBACK_BRIDGE_HEADER_ALLOWLIST}. */
headerAllowlist?: readonly string[];
/**
* The sink for a GOAWAY the host sends. The host names the last client
* stream ID it processed; a caller classifies each of its own dispatched
* stream IDs against it with `classifyStreamAgainstGoaway` in
* `http2-bridge-server.ts` to know which requests need a retry elsewhere.
*/
onGoaway?: (record: { lastStreamId: number; errorCode: number }) => void;
}
function forwardOneHttp2Request(
session: http2.ClientHttp2Session,
request: {
bridgeToken: string;
method: string;
path: string;
query: string;
headers: Record<string, string>;
body: Buffer;
},
): Promise<SandboxHttp2BridgeGatewayResponse> {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const query = request.query.trim();
const pathWithQuery =
query.length === 0 ? request.path : `${request.path}${query.startsWith("?") ? query : `?${query}`}`;
const requestHeaders: http2.OutgoingHttpHeaders = {
":method": request.method,
":path": pathWithQuery,
authorization: `Bearer ${request.bridgeToken}`,
...request.headers,
};
let stream: http2.ClientHttp2Stream;
try {
stream = session.request(requestHeaders, { endStream: request.body.length === 0 });
} catch (error) {
reject(error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error)));
return;
}
const chunks: Buffer[] = [];
let responseHeaders: Record<string, string> = {};
let status = 502;
let settled = false;
const settle = (run: () => void) => {
if (settled) return;
settled = true;
run();
};
stream.on("response", (headers) => {
const rawStatus = headers[":status"];
status = typeof rawStatus === "number" ? rawStatus : Number(rawStatus) || 502;
responseHeaders = {};
for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(headers)) {
if (key.startsWith(":") || value == null) continue;
responseHeaders[key] = Array.isArray(value) ? value.join(", ") : String(value);
}
});
stream.on("data", (chunk: Buffer) => chunks.push(chunk));
stream.once("end", () => settle(() => resolve({ status, headers: responseHeaders, body: Buffer.concat(chunks) })));
stream.once("error", (error) =>
settle(() => reject(error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error)))),
);
stream.once("aborted", () => settle(() => reject(new Error("Bridge HTTP/2 stream aborted."))));
if (request.body.length > 0) {
stream.end(request.body);
} else if (!stream.writableEnded) {
stream.end();
}
});
}
/**
* Create the sandbox HTTP/2 client gateway. It opens one HTTP/2 client
* session on the transport `createConnection` returns, and forwards each
* local request the caller hands it (already checked against the bridge
* token — see {@link SandboxHttp2BridgeGatewayRequest.receivedToken}) as one
* HTTP/2 stream. It keeps the header allowlist on the sandbox side, exactly
* as the file-mode gateway does.
*/
export function createSandboxHttp2BridgeGateway(
options: CreateSandboxHttp2BridgeGatewayOptions,
): SandboxHttp2BridgeGateway {
const authority = options.authority?.trim() || SANDBOX_HTTP2_GATEWAY_DEFAULT_AUTHORITY;
const headerAllowlist = options.headerAllowlist ?? DEFAULT_SANDBOX_CALLBACK_BRIDGE_HEADER_ALLOWLIST;
const session = http2.connect(`http://${authority}`, {
createConnection: options.createConnection,
});
// A session-level fault fails every in-flight `forwardRequest` call through
// that stream's own `error`/`aborted` handler. This listener only stops
// Node from raising an unhandled `error` event for the session itself.
session.on("error", () => undefined);
session.on("goaway", (errorCode: number, lastStreamId: number) => {
options.onGoaway?.({ lastStreamId, errorCode });
});
return {
forwardRequest(request: SandboxHttp2BridgeGatewayRequest): Promise<SandboxHttp2BridgeGatewayResponse> {
// The gateway check (accepted security fix 4 keeps this as well as the
// independent host-side check): a request whose token does not match
// the per-run bridge token never opens a stream.
if (!compareBridgeTokensConstantTime(options.bridgeToken, request.receivedToken)) {
return Promise.reject(new Error("Invalid bridge token."));
}
return forwardOneHttp2Request(session, {
bridgeToken: options.bridgeToken,
method: request.method,
path: request.path,
query: request.query,
headers: sanitizeSandboxCallbackBridgeHeaders(request.headers, headerAllowlist),
body: request.body,
});
},
close(): Promise<void> {
return new Promise((resolve) => {
if (session.closed || session.destroyed) {
resolve();
return;
}
session.close(() => resolve());
});
},
};
}
/**
* The zero-dependency codec the generated duplex gateway embeds. It is a plain
* JavaScript copy of the encode side of the host codec in `duplex-frame-codec.ts`.
* The generated gateway never decodes: it writes exactly one READY line, then
* hands stdout to its transport. So this copy carries only the frame version and
* the encode function, not a decoder. It uses only the `Buffer` and `JSON`
* globals, so the generated `.mjs` needs no workspace import. It carries no
* template literal and no `${` sequence, so it embeds inside the gateway
* template literal with no escape.
*
* A shared fixture file (`duplex-frame-vectors.json`) proves the host encode side
* stays wire compatible with this copy. {@link getSandboxDuplexGatewayCodecSource}
* returns this exact source so a test can run the READY encode vector against it.
*/
const DUPLEX_GATEWAY_CODEC_SOURCE = `const DUPLEX_FRAME_VERSION = 2;
function encodeDuplexFrame(frame) {
return JSON.stringify(frame) + "\\n";
}`;
/**
* Return the exact zero-dependency codec source the generated duplex gateway
* embeds. A test wraps this source and calls `encodeDuplexFrame` to prove the
* embedded copy encodes the READY frame the same way the host encode side does.
* The source declares `encodeDuplexFrame` and `DUPLEX_FRAME_VERSION`, but exports
* neither; a caller wraps it to read those names.
*/
export function getSandboxDuplexGatewayCodecSource(): string {
return DUPLEX_GATEWAY_CODEC_SOURCE;
}
/**
* Zero-dependency source for the gateway's own aggregate body-byte ledger.
* `readBodyBytes` in the generated gateway reserves against one instance of
* this ledger before it retains a chunk and before it concatenates the final
* buffer, so a burst of concurrent requests cannot grow the gateway
* process's own memory without limit. This ledger is separate from, and
* independent of, the ceiling `http2-bridge-server.ts` enforces on the host
* side of the bridge connection: each side bounds only the memory in its own
* process. It uses no global beyond plain JavaScript, so it embeds inside the
* gateway template literal with no escape. A test wraps this source directly
* to exercise `reserve`/`release`, the same way
* {@link getSandboxDuplexGatewayCodecSource} lets a test exercise the codec.
*/
const BRIDGE_PROCESS_BODY_LEDGER_SOURCE = `function createBridgeProcessBodyLedger(maxBytes) {
let reservedBytes = 0;
return {
reserve(byteCount) {
if (reservedBytes + byteCount > maxBytes) {
return false;
}
reservedBytes += byteCount;
return true;
},
release(byteCount) {
reservedBytes -= byteCount;
},
get reservedBytes() {
return reservedBytes;
},
};
}`;
/**
* Return the exact zero-dependency ledger source the generated gateway
* embeds. A test wraps this source and calls `createBridgeProcessBodyLedger`
* to prove the embedded copy reserves and releases bytes correctly, with no
* spawned process involved.
*/
export function getSandboxBridgeProcessBodyLedgerSource(): string {
return BRIDGE_PROCESS_BODY_LEDGER_SOURCE;
}
export function getSandboxCallbackBridgeServerSource(): string {
return `import { randomUUID, timingSafeEqual } from "node:crypto";
import { createServer } from "node:http";
import { promises as fs } from "node:fs";
import path from "node:path";
import http2 from "node:http2";
import { Duplex } from "node:stream";
const bridgeMode = process.env.PAPERCLIP_API_BRIDGE_MODE || "${SANDBOX_CALLBACK_BRIDGE_FILE_MODE}";
const queueDir = process.env.PAPERCLIP_BRIDGE_QUEUE_DIR;
const bridgeToken = process.env.PAPERCLIP_BRIDGE_TOKEN;
const host = process.env.PAPERCLIP_BRIDGE_HOST || "127.0.0.1";
const port = Number(process.env.PAPERCLIP_BRIDGE_PORT || "0");
// The host assigns the loopback port and passes it through the launch
// environment. The gateway binds exactly this port; it never selects a
// different one. The host also passes one random per-open nonce here. The
// gateway echoes it in the READY frame so the host correlates READY with this
// channel open. The nonce is a liveness signal, not authentication.
const bridgeNonce = process.env.PAPERCLIP_BRIDGE_NONCE || "";
const pollIntervalMs = Number(process.env.PAPERCLIP_BRIDGE_POLL_INTERVAL_MS || "100");
const responseTimeoutMs = Number(
process.env.PAPERCLIP_BRIDGE_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT_MS || "${DEFAULT_BRIDGE_RESPONSE_TIMEOUT_MS}",
);
const maxQueueDepth = Number(process.env.PAPERCLIP_BRIDGE_MAX_QUEUE_DEPTH || "${DEFAULT_BRIDGE_MAX_QUEUE_DEPTH}");
const maxBodyBytes = Number(process.env.PAPERCLIP_BRIDGE_MAX_BODY_BYTES || "${DEFAULT_BRIDGE_MAX_BODY_BYTES}");
// The header allowlist. Both the file gateway and the http2 gateway strip an
// inbound request to these headers before they forward it. One copy serves both
// modes. The route allowlist stays on the host: both modes forward a request to
// the host, and the host enforces the same route allowlist for each.
const allowedHeaders = new Set(${JSON.stringify([...DEFAULT_SANDBOX_CALLBACK_BRIDGE_HEADER_ALLOWLIST])});
if (!bridgeToken) {
throw new Error("PAPERCLIP_BRIDGE_TOKEN is required.");
}
// Closed allowlist for the bridge mode. The generated gateway supports exactly
// two transports: http2 and the file-mode queue. Every other value, including
// the retired duplex transport, fails startup at once instead of falling
// through to a mode that never ran. This check runs before the queue-directory
// check below, so an unsupported mode never reaches a state where a missing
// queue directory masks the real problem.
if (
bridgeMode !== "${SANDBOX_CALLBACK_BRIDGE_HTTP2_MODE}" &&
bridgeMode !== "${SANDBOX_CALLBACK_BRIDGE_FILE_MODE}"
) {
throw new Error("Unsupported PAPERCLIP_API_BRIDGE_MODE: " + bridgeMode);
}
if (bridgeMode !== "${SANDBOX_CALLBACK_BRIDGE_HTTP2_MODE}" && !queueDir) {
throw new Error("PAPERCLIP_BRIDGE_QUEUE_DIR and PAPERCLIP_BRIDGE_TOKEN are required.");
}
// A crashed gateway is a dead loopback port for the rest of the run: nothing
// inside the sandbox respawns this process, and every later agent API call
// then fails at the connection level. Once the gateway is ready, log an
// uncaught fault to stderr (the host redirects it into logs/bridge.log) and
// keep serving — the relay holds no state a fault can corrupt beyond the one
// request it interrupted. Before readiness the same fault means the gateway
// can never become usable (a failed bind, a failed readiness write), so exit
// instead: surviving there only leaves an un-ready zombie behind while the
// host waits out its readiness poll.
let gatewayReady = false;
process.on("uncaughtException", (error) => {
process.stderr.write(
"[paperclip-bridge] uncaught exception: " + (error && error.stack ? error.stack : String(error)) + "\\n",
);
if (!gatewayReady) {
process.exit(1);
}
});
process.on("unhandledRejection", (reason) => {
const detail = reason && typeof reason === "object" && "stack" in reason ? reason.stack : String(reason);
process.stderr.write("[paperclip-bridge] unhandled rejection: " + detail + "\\n");
if (!gatewayReady) {
process.exit(1);
}
});
// The embedded zero-dependency frame codec. The duplex gateway uses it; the file
// gateway ignores it.
${DUPLEX_GATEWAY_CODEC_SOURCE}
// The embedded zero-dependency process body-byte ledger. Both gateway modes
// use it: readBodyBytes reserves against it, and each mode's request
// handler releases what it reserved once the body is no longer needed.
${BRIDGE_PROCESS_BODY_LEDGER_SOURCE}
// The multiplier matches HTTP2_BRIDGE_MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS (4) in
// http2-bridge-server.ts, doubled because readBodyBytes reserves a body's
// bytes twice: once for the retained chunk array, once for the concatenated
// copy, since both are live buffers at once. This gives the gateway process
// its own aggregate ceiling on live request-body bytes, so a burst of
// concurrent requests cannot grow this process's memory without limit, even
// though every individual body already passes the maxBodyBytes check below.
// This ceiling is independent of, and separate from, the ceiling the host
// enforces on its own side of the bridge connection.
const maxProcessBodyBytes = maxBodyBytes * 8;
const processBodyLedger = createBridgeProcessBodyLedger(maxProcessBodyBytes);
// A denied process-ledger reservation answers 503: the sandbox client should
// retry once other in-flight bodies finish and release their bytes, the same
// retry contract the host side gives for its own capacity denial.
class BridgeProcessCapacityError extends Error {
constructor() {
super("The bridge gateway process reached its reserved body byte ceiling. Retry later.");
}
}
function sleep(ms) {
return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
}
function normalizeHeaders(headers) {
const out = {};
for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(headers)) {
if (value == null) continue;
const normalizedKey = key.toLowerCase();
if (!allowedHeaders.has(normalizedKey)) {
continue;
}
out[normalizedKey] = Array.isArray(value) ? value.join(", ") : String(value);
}
return out;
}
// Reserves each chunk's bytes against the process ledger before the chunk
// joins the retained array, and reserves the concatenated buffer's own byte
// count before Buffer.concat allocates it, mirroring the order
// readHttp2StreamBody enforces on the host side. Returns the body buffer
// together with a release function: the caller must call release exactly
// once, after the body is no longer needed, so its reserved bytes return to
// the ledger on completion, on an error the caller raises later, on a client
// abort, and on a timeout — every path funnels through the caller's own
// finally block. A read that fails here (the size limit, or a denied
// process reservation) releases its own partial reservation immediately, so
// no caller-side release call is needed for that path.
async function readBodyBytes(req) {
const chunks = [];
let totalBytes = 0;
let reservedBytes = 0;
try {
for await (const chunk of req) {
const nextChunk = Buffer.isBuffer(chunk) ? chunk : Buffer.from(chunk);
totalBytes += nextChunk.byteLength;
if (totalBytes > maxBodyBytes) {
throw new Error("Bridge request body exceeded the configured size limit.");
}
if (!processBodyLedger.reserve(nextChunk.byteLength)) {
throw new BridgeProcessCapacityError();
}
reservedBytes += nextChunk.byteLength;
chunks.push(nextChunk);
}
if (!processBodyLedger.reserve(totalBytes)) {
throw new BridgeProcessCapacityError();
}
reservedBytes += totalBytes;
const body = Buffer.concat(chunks);
return { body, release: () => processBodyLedger.release(reservedBytes) };
} catch (error) {
processBodyLedger.release(reservedBytes);
throw error;
}
}
async function readBody(req) {
const { body, release } = await readBodyBytes(req);
return { body: body.toString("utf8"), release };
}
function tokensMatch(received) {
const expected = Buffer.from(bridgeToken, "utf8");
const actual = Buffer.from(typeof received === "string" ? received : "", "utf8");
if (expected.length !== actual.length) return false;
return timingSafeEqual(expected, actual);
}
function writeJsonResponse(res, status, body) {
res.statusCode = status;
res.setHeader("content-type", "application/json");
res.end(JSON.stringify(body));
}
async function runFileGateway() {
const requestsDir = path.posix.join(queueDir, "requests");
const responsesDir = path.posix.join(queueDir, "responses");
const logsDir = path.posix.join(queueDir, "logs");
const readyFile = path.posix.join(queueDir, "ready.json");
async function queueDepth() {
const entries = await fs.readdir(requestsDir, { withFileTypes: true }).catch(() => []);
return entries.filter((entry) => entry.isFile() && entry.name.endsWith(".json")).length;
}
// Delete request files older than the response deadline. Every live caller
// cleans its own request file when it times out, so a file this old is an
// orphan: its writer was killed mid-wait, or a previous gateway process died
// and left its queue behind. Orphans otherwise count toward the queue-depth
// cap forever and wedge the gateway at a permanent 503.
async function sweepStaleRequests() {
const staleBefore = Date.now() - responseTimeoutMs - 2000;
const entries = await fs.readdir(requestsDir, { withFileTypes: true }).catch(() => []);
for (const entry of entries) {
if (!entry.isFile() || !entry.name.endsWith(".json")) continue;
const filePath = path.posix.join(requestsDir, entry.name);
const stats = await fs.stat(filePath).catch(() => null);
if (stats && stats.mtimeMs < staleBefore) {
await fs.rm(filePath, { force: true }).catch(() => undefined);
}
}
}
async function waitForResponse(requestId) {
const responsePath = path.posix.join(responsesDir, \`\${requestId}.json\`);
const deadline = Date.now() + responseTimeoutMs;
while (Date.now() < deadline) {
const body = await fs.readFile(responsePath, "utf8").catch(() => null);
if (body != null) {
await fs.rm(responsePath, { force: true }).catch(() => undefined);
return JSON.parse(body);
}
await sleep(pollIntervalMs);
}
throw new Error("Timed out waiting for host bridge response.");
}
const server = createServer(async (req, res) => {
// readBody reserves the body's bytes against the process ledger and
// hands back a release function; this holds it so the finally below
// releases those bytes exactly once no matter how this handler ends —
// its normal completion, a thrown error, a client abort, or a deadline
// timeout all reach the same finally.
let releaseBodyReservation = null;
try {
const auth = req.headers.authorization || "";
const receivedToken = auth.startsWith("Bearer ") ? auth.slice("Bearer ".length) : "";
if (!tokensMatch(receivedToken)) {
writeJsonResponse(res, 401, { error: "Invalid bridge token." });
return;
}
if (await queueDepth() >= maxQueueDepth) {
// Reclaim orphaned request files before rejecting; only a queue that
// is genuinely full of live requests gets the 503.
await sweepStaleRequests();
if (await queueDepth() >= maxQueueDepth) {
writeJsonResponse(res, 503, { error: "Bridge request queue is full." });
return;
}
}
const url = new URL(req.url || "/", "http://127.0.0.1");
const contentType = typeof req.headers["content-type"] === "string" ? req.headers["content-type"] : "";
if (req.method && req.method !== "GET" && req.method !== "HEAD" && !/json/i.test(contentType)) {
writeJsonResponse(res, 415, { error: "Bridge only accepts JSON request bodies." });
return;
}
const requestId = randomUUID();
const { body: requestBody, release } = await readBody(req);
releaseBodyReservation = release;
const payload = {
id: requestId,
method: req.method || "GET",
path: url.pathname,
query: url.search,
headers: normalizeHeaders(req.headers),
body: requestBody,
createdAt: new Date().toISOString(),
};
const requestPath = path.posix.join(requestsDir, \`\${requestId}.json\`);
const tempPath = \`\${requestPath}.tmp\`;
await fs.writeFile(tempPath, \`\${JSON.stringify(payload)}\\n\`, "utf8");
await fs.rename(tempPath, requestPath);
let response;
try {
response = await waitForResponse(requestId);
} catch (error) {
// The host never delivered a response inside the deadline. Remove this
// request's file so it cannot pile up toward the queue-depth cap. The
// host's normal response write is guarded on the request file, so the
// removal also tells the host that no caller waits anymore. Without
// this cleanup a stalled host wedges the gateway at the cap and every
// later request gets an immediate 503 until run end.
await fs.rm(requestPath, { force: true }).catch(() => undefined);
throw error;
}
const responseHeaders = response.headers || {};
// The host marks a possibly-committed mutation with an indeterminate outcome.
// The host cannot cancel a host operation that is in flight, so the mutation
// may have committed before the worker aborted the handler. A 5xx status is
// retryable by convention, so a caller that retries 5xx would apply the
// mutation twice. Map the indeterminate outcome to a non-retryable 409, so a
// standard retry policy does not repeat the request. The outcome header and
// body stay, so a caller that reads them still sees the indeterminate result.
const bridgeOutcome = responseHeaders["x-paperclip-bridge-outcome"];
if (bridgeOutcome === "indeterminate") {
res.statusCode = 409;
} else {
res.statusCode = typeof response.status === "number" ? response.status : 200;
}
for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(responseHeaders)) {
if (typeof value !== "string" || key.toLowerCase() === "content-length") continue;
res.setHeader(key, value);
}
res.end(typeof response.body === "string" ? response.body : "");
} catch (error) {
// A denied process-ledger reservation is retryable: the caller should
// try again once other in-flight bodies release their bytes. Every
// other body-read or handling fault stays a generic 502.
const status = error instanceof BridgeProcessCapacityError ? 503 : 502;
writeJsonResponse(res, status, { error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error) });
} finally {
releaseBodyReservation?.();
}
});
async function shutdown() {
server.close(() => {
process.exit(0);
});
}
process.on("SIGINT", () => void shutdown());
process.on("SIGTERM", () => void shutdown());
await fs.mkdir(requestsDir, { recursive: true });
await fs.mkdir(responsesDir, { recursive: true });
await fs.mkdir(logsDir, { recursive: true });
// Newer Node runtimes do not reliably surface a failed bind through
// uncaughtException here: with nothing else keeping the event loop alive,
// the process can drain and exit 0 before the error event is delivered
// (observed on Node 24/25; Node 22 delivered it). Attach an explicit error
// listener and pin the loop with a keepalive until the bind settles, so a
// startup failure exits 1 with the fault on stderr on every runtime.
const bindKeepalive = setInterval(() => {}, 1000);
server.once("error", (error) => {
clearInterval(bindKeepalive);
process.stderr.write(
"[paperclip-bridge] server error: " + (error && error.stack ? error.stack : String(error)) + "\\n",
);
if (!gatewayReady) {
process.exit(1);
}
});
server.listen(port, host, async () => {
clearInterval(bindKeepalive);
const address = server.address();
if (!address || typeof address === "string") {
throw new Error("Bridge server did not expose a TCP address.");
}
const ready = {
pid: process.pid,
host,
port: address.port,
baseUrl: \`http://\${host}:\${address.port}\`,
startedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
};
const tempReadyFile = \`\${readyFile}.tmp\`;
await fs.writeFile(tempReadyFile, JSON.stringify(ready), "utf8");
await fs.rename(tempReadyFile, readyFile);
// The readiness file is on disk, so the host will adopt this process.
// From here on an uncaught fault must not kill the listener.
gatewayReady = true;
});
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// http2_v1: run one Node HTTP/2 client session directly on stdin/stdout.
//
// This gateway writes exactly one frame-codec line before it hands stdin and
// stdout to the HTTP/2 client: the READY line, so the host readiness gate
// accepts the same handshake it already accepts for every mode. After that
// one write, only the HTTP/2 client touches stdout: this function calls
// writeFrame no more, and it starts no heartbeat timer, so no non-HTTP/2
// writer can put a byte on stdout between the READY line and the client
// connection preface.
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
function createStdioDuplex() {
const duplex = new Duplex({
read() {
// process.stdin pushes bytes through the "data" listener below; there
// is nothing to pull on demand here.
},
write(chunk, _encoding, callback) {
const flushed = process.stdout.write(chunk);
if (flushed) {
callback();
} else {
process.stdout.once("drain", () => callback());
}
},
});
process.stdin.on("data", (chunk) => {
duplex.push(chunk);
});
process.stdin.on("end", () => {
duplex.push(null);
});
process.stdin.on("error", (error) => {
duplex.destroy(error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error)));
});
return duplex;
}
function runHttp2Gateway() {
function diag(message) {
// Diagnostics go to stderr only, the same as every other mode.
process.stderr.write("[paperclip-bridge] " + message + "\\n");
}
function writeFrame(frame) {
process.stdout.write(encodeDuplexFrame(frame));
}
const authority = "bridge.internal";
let session = null;
let unavailable = false;
function openSession() {
if (session) return session;
const stdio = createStdioDuplex();
session = http2.connect("http://" + authority, {
createConnection: () => stdio,
});
session.on("error", () => {
unavailable = true;
});
session.on("close", () => {
unavailable = true;
});
session.on("goaway", (errorCode, lastStreamId) => {
diag("host sent GOAWAY (errorCode=" + errorCode + ", lastStreamId=" + lastStreamId + ")");
});
return session;
}
function forwardOverHttp2(request) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const activeSession = openSession();
const query = request.query || "";
const pathWithQuery =
query.length === 0 ? request.path : request.path + (query.charAt(0) === "?" ? query : "?" + query);
const outboundHeaders = Object.assign(
{
":method": request.method,
":path": pathWithQuery,
authorization: "Bearer " + bridgeToken,
},
request.headers,
);
let stream;
try {
stream = activeSession.request(outboundHeaders, { endStream: request.body.length === 0 });
} catch (error) {
reject(error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error)));
return;
}
const chunks = [];
let status = 502;
let responseHeaders = {};
let settled = false;
const settle = (run) => {
if (settled) return;
settled = true;
run();
};
stream.on("response", (headers) => {
const raw = headers[":status"];
status = typeof raw === "number" ? raw : Number(raw) || 502;
responseHeaders = {};
for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(headers)) {
if (key.charAt(0) === ":" || value == null) continue;
responseHeaders[key] = Array.isArray(value) ? value.join(", ") : String(value);
}
});
stream.on("data", (chunk) => chunks.push(chunk));
stream.once("end", () =>
settle(() => resolve({ status: status, headers: responseHeaders, body: Buffer.concat(chunks) })),
);
stream.once("error", (error) =>
settle(() => reject(error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error)))),
);
stream.once("aborted", () => settle(() => reject(new Error("Bridge HTTP/2 stream aborted."))));
if (request.body.length > 0) {
stream.end(request.body);
} else if (!stream.writableEnded) {
stream.end();
}
});
}
const server = createServer(async (req, res) => {
// readBodyBytes reserves the body's bytes against the process ledger
// and hands back a release function; this holds it so the finally
// below releases those bytes exactly once no matter how this handler
// ends — its normal completion, a thrown error, a client abort, or a
// deadline timeout all reach the same finally.
let releaseBodyReservation = null;
try {
const auth = req.headers.authorization || "";
const receivedToken = auth.startsWith("Bearer ") ? auth.slice("Bearer ".length) : "";
if (!tokensMatch(receivedToken)) {
writeJsonResponse(res, 401, { error: "Invalid bridge token." });
return;
}
if (unavailable) {
writeJsonResponse(res, 503, { error: "bridge_unavailable" });
return;
}
const url = new URL(req.url || "/", "http://127.0.0.1");
const { body: requestBodyBuffer, release } = await readBodyBytes(req);
releaseBodyReservation = release;
let response;
try {
response = await forwardOverHttp2({
method: req.method || "GET",
path: url.pathname,
query: url.search,
headers: normalizeHeaders(req.headers),
body: requestBodyBuffer,
});
} catch (error) {
writeJsonResponse(res, 502, { error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error) });
return;
}
// The host marks a possibly-committed mutation with an indeterminate outcome.
// The host cannot cancel a host operation that is in flight, so the mutation
// may have committed before the worker aborted the handler. A 5xx status is
// retryable by convention, so a caller that retries 5xx would apply the
// mutation twice. Map the indeterminate outcome to a non-retryable 409, so a
// standard retry policy does not repeat the request. The outcome header and
// body stay, so a caller that reads them still sees the indeterminate result.
const bridgeOutcome = (response.headers || {})["x-paperclip-bridge-outcome"];
if (bridgeOutcome === "indeterminate") {
res.statusCode = 409;
} else {
res.statusCode = typeof response.status === "number" ? response.status : 200;
}
for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(response.headers || {})) {
if (typeof value !== "string" || key.toLowerCase() === "content-length") continue;
res.setHeader(key, value);
}
res.end(response.body);
} catch (error) {
// A denied process-ledger reservation is retryable: the caller should
// try again once other in-flight bodies release their bytes. Every
// other body-read or handling fault stays a generic 502.
const status = error instanceof BridgeProcessCapacityError ? 503 : 502;
writeJsonResponse(res, status, { error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error) });
} finally {
releaseBodyReservation?.();
}
});
process.on("SIGINT", () => {
try {
server.close();
} catch (error) {
diag("server close error: " + (error && error.message ? error.message : String(error)));
}
process.exit(0);
});
process.on("SIGTERM", () => {
try {
server.close();
} catch (error) {
diag("server close error: " + (error && error.message ? error.message : String(error)));
}
process.exit(0);
});
// Bind-or-exit, the same rule every mode applies: the host assigns a
// positive loopback port, and the gateway binds exactly that port or exits
// nonzero. It never selects a different port.
if (!Number.isInteger(port) || port <= 0) {
diag("http2 gateway requires a positive assigned PAPERCLIP_BRIDGE_PORT; got " + String(port));
process.exit(1);
}
server.on("error", (error) => {
diag(
"http2 gateway could not bind port " +
String(port) +
": " +
(error && error.message ? error.message : String(error)),
);
process.exit(1);
});
server.listen(port, host, () => {
const address = server.address();
if (!address || typeof address === "string") {
diag("http2 gateway did not expose a TCP address");
process.exit(1);
return;
}
// Send the one frame-codec line on this path: the READY line the host
// readiness gate expects. Open the HTTP/2 client session on the very next
// statement, so the client connection preface is the next byte the host
// sees after READY, with no other writer in between.
writeFrame({ version: DUPLEX_FRAME_VERSION, type: "ready", nonce: bridgeNonce });
gatewayReady = true;
openSession();
});
}
// The startup check above already rejected every value except http2 and
// queue, so this dispatch names both modes explicitly and never falls
// through to the queue gateway for an unsupported mode.
if (bridgeMode === "${SANDBOX_CALLBACK_BRIDGE_HTTP2_MODE}") {
runHttp2Gateway();
} else if (bridgeMode === "${SANDBOX_CALLBACK_BRIDGE_FILE_MODE}") {
await runFileGateway();
} else {
throw new Error("Unsupported PAPERCLIP_API_BRIDGE_MODE: " + bridgeMode);
}`;
}