317 lines
25 KiB
TypeScript
317 lines
25 KiB
TypeScript
/* eslint-disable */
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/**
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* GENERATED FILE — DO NOT EDIT.
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*
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* Single source of truth: collections/natural_remedies.json
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* Regenerate after editing the JSON: `npm run gen:curated-data` (from admin/).
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* curated_data_sync.standalone.ts fails CI if this file drifts from the JSON.
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*
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* Hand-curated subset of NCCIH "Herbs at a Glance" (nccih.nih.gov), mapped to the condition spine. US-government / public domain; attribution lives in the file `source` field and the UI caveat.
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*/
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import type { NaturalRemediesFile } from '../../types/conditions.js'
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export const NATURAL_REMEDIES_FILE: NaturalRemediesFile = {
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"version": "2026-06-10",
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"source": {
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"name": "NCCIH — Herbs at a Glance",
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"url": "https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/herbsataglance",
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"license": "Public domain (US government work; NCCIH)"
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},
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"remedies": [
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{
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"slug": "aloe-vera",
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"name": "Aloe Vera",
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"commonNames": [
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"Aloe barbadensis miller"
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],
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"conditions": [
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"burns",
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"acne",
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"dry-skin"
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],
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"uses": "Aloe vera gel is applied topically for burns, acne, and various skin conditions including psoriasis and radiation-related skin damage. Oral use is promoted for digestive conditions, though topical applications have more research support.",
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"how": "Apply gel from the inner leaf of the aloe plant (or a commercially prepared aloe gel) directly to the affected skin area. Topical use is the application with the most research support; oral aloe products carry more serious risks and should not be used without consulting a healthcare provider.",
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"evidence": "Research suggests topical aloe gel may speed burn healing and reduce burn-related pain. Two small studies indicate aloe gel, combined with other treatments, may improve acne; evidence for other skin uses is limited.",
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"cautions": "Topical use is generally well tolerated, though occasional burning or itching may occur. Oral use carries more serious risks: the latex can cause abdominal pain and diarrhea, oral extracts have been linked to cases of acute hepatitis, and animal studies associated non-decolorized extracts with gastrointestinal cancer. Likely unsafe during pregnancy; may interact with medications such as digoxin.",
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"sourceUrl": "https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/aloe-vera"
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},
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{
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"slug": "boswellia",
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"name": "Boswellia",
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"commonNames": [
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"Boswellia serrata",
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"Indian frankincense"
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],
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"conditions": [
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"muscle-joint-pain"
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],
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"uses": "Boswellia resin extract is traditionally used to reduce inflammation and pain, and is promoted as a dietary supplement to support joint health and mobility, particularly for osteoarthritis.",
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"how": "Boswellia is taken orally as a dietary supplement. Clinical trials have used doses up to 1,000 mg daily for up to 6 months; follow the product label and consult a healthcare provider before starting.",
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"evidence": "Some studies suggest oral boswellia may help reduce inflammation and pain associated with osteoarthritis, but larger rigorous trials are needed; topical use lacks sufficient evidence of effectiveness.",
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"cautions": "Extracts up to 1,000 mg daily have been used safely in clinical trials lasting up to 6 months. Consult a healthcare provider before use, especially if pregnant, breastfeeding, managing asthma, or taking medications, as interactions remain unclear.",
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"sourceUrl": "https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/boswellia"
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},
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{
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"slug": "bromelain",
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"name": "Bromelain",
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"commonNames": [
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"pineapple enzyme",
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"Ananas comosus extract"
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],
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"conditions": [
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"muscle-joint-pain",
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"nasal-congestion"
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],
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"uses": "Bromelain, an enzyme from pineapple, is promoted for reducing postoperative pain and swelling, sinusitis, osteoarthritis, and exercise-induced muscle soreness. A topical formulation has FDA approval for debridement of severe burns.",
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"evidence": "Some studies suggest oral bromelain may reduce certain symptoms after wisdom tooth surgery; evidence for sinusitis is insufficient. The topical formulation has been successfully used by health professionals for burn debridement as an alternative to surgical debridement.",
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"cautions": "Oral bromelain is generally well tolerated; the most common side effects are stomach upset and diarrhea. Talk with a healthcare provider before use alongside any medications, as harmful interactions are possible. Safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding is unclear.",
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"sourceUrl": "https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/bromelain"
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},
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{
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"slug": "butterbur",
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"name": "Butterbur",
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"commonNames": [
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"Petasites hybridus"
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],
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"conditions": [
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"headache",
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"allergic-reaction"
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],
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"uses": "Butterbur root extract is used for migraine prevention and for reducing symptoms of allergic rhinitis (hay fever). It has been studied for reducing migraine frequency in both adults and children.",
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"how": "Butterbur is taken orally as a root extract for migraine prevention or as a leaf extract for allergic rhinitis symptoms. Use only products that are certified and labeled as free of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA-free), as the untreated plant contains compounds that can damage the liver.",
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"evidence": "Studies of a butterbur root extract suggest it may reduce migraine frequency; a leaf extract may help with allergic rhinitis symptoms. However, the American Academy of Neurology withdrew its 2012 recommendation in 2015 due to safety concerns.",
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"cautions": "The plant naturally contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) that can damage the liver and lungs and may cause cancer; only PA-free certified products should be used. Even PA-free products have been linked to rare cases of liver injury. Side effects include belching, diarrhea, drowsiness, rash, and stomach upset. Avoid during pregnancy; people allergic to ragweed or related plants are at higher risk of reactions.",
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"sourceUrl": "https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/butterbur"
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},
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{
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"slug": "chamomile",
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"name": "Chamomile",
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"commonNames": [
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"Matricaria chamomilla",
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"German chamomile",
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"Chamaemelum nobile"
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],
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"conditions": [
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"sleeplessness",
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"indigestion",
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"common-cold",
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"sore-throat",
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"skin-rash-itch"
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],
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"uses": "Chamomile is promoted for insomnia, indigestion, anxiety, the common cold, and infant colic; it is also used topically for skin conditions and as a mouthwash for oral inflammation.",
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"how": "Chamomile is commonly consumed as a tea (considered safe in amounts typically found in teas), taken as an oral supplement, applied topically to skin, or used as a mouthwash for oral inflammation. Consult a healthcare provider before using oral supplements rather than tea.",
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"evidence": "Evidence is limited: some preliminary studies suggest chamomile supplements may help with anxiety, and combination products may help childhood diarrhea and infant colic. A 2019 review found minimal evidence for insomnia, with one study showing no benefit. Evidence for cold, sore throat, and skin uses in people is insufficient.",
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"cautions": "Generally considered safe in typical amounts. Side effects may include nausea, dizziness, and allergic reactions, including severe hypersensitivity; risk is higher for those sensitive to ragweed, chrysanthemums, marigolds, or daisies. May interact with blood thinners, birth control pills, sedatives, and liver-metabolized drugs. Safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding is unknown.",
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"sourceUrl": "https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/chamomile"
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},
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{
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"slug": "echinacea",
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"name": "Echinacea",
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"commonNames": [
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"Echinacea purpurea",
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"purple coneflower"
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],
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"conditions": [
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"common-cold"
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],
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"uses": "Echinacea is primarily marketed for the common cold and upper respiratory tract infections, based on the idea that it may support immune system function.",
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"evidence": "Studies indicate that taking echinacea may slightly reduce the chances of catching a cold, though evidence regarding whether it shortens cold duration is inconclusive. Evidence for other conditions, including eczema, is unclear.",
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"cautions": "E. purpurea extracts appear likely safe for short periods in adults; allergic reactions can occur, with digestive symptoms most common. Children may experience rashes potentially linked to allergic reactions. Theoretical interactions with immunosuppressants and certain other drugs; consult a healthcare provider before use with medications. Limited data on safety in early pregnancy.",
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"sourceUrl": "https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/echinacea"
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},
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{
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"slug": "elderberry",
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"name": "Elderberry",
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"commonNames": [
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"Sambucus nigra"
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],
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"conditions": [
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"common-cold"
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],
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"uses": "Elderberry has been used in folk medicine to treat colds and flu, and is promoted as a dietary supplement for colds, flu, and other upper respiratory infections.",
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"how": "Elderberry is used as a prepared dietary supplement (syrup, capsule, or lozenge) rather than raw fruit. Never eat raw or unripe elderberries — they contain cyanide-producing substances that cause nausea, vomiting, and severe diarrhea; cooking the berries eliminates this toxin.",
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"evidence": "A small number of studies suggest elderberry may relieve symptoms of flu, colds, or other upper respiratory infections; however, the overall evidence is limited and insufficient for most other claimed benefits.",
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"cautions": "Raw or unripe elderberries contain cyanide-producing substances that can cause nausea, vomiting, and severe diarrhea; cooking eliminates this toxin. Consult a healthcare provider before use, especially if taking medications. Limited safety data for pregnancy and breastfeeding.",
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"sourceUrl": "https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/elderberry"
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},
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{
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"slug": "feverfew",
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"name": "Feverfew",
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"commonNames": [
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"Tanacetum parthenium"
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],
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"conditions": [
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"headache"
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],
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"uses": "Feverfew is promoted for migraine headache prevention and for minor head and tension pain. Topically, it is marketed for itching and skin irritation.",
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"evidence": "A 2020 systematic review of seven migraine studies found inconsistent results, though some evidence suggests feverfew may reduce migraine frequency and associated symptoms such as nausea and light sensitivity. There is little or no evidence supporting feverfew for other health conditions.",
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"cautions": "Side effects include nausea, digestive issues, bloating, and mouth sores from chewing fresh leaves. People sensitive to ragweed may experience allergic reactions. Feverfew may slow blood clotting and should be stopped at least 2 weeks before scheduled surgery. It may interact with migraine medications and should be avoided during pregnancy due to potential effects on uterine contractions.",
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"sourceUrl": "https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/feverfew"
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},
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{
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"slug": "ginger",
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"name": "Ginger",
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"commonNames": [
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"Zingiber officinale"
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],
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"conditions": [
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"nausea-vomiting",
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"menstrual-cramps",
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"indigestion"
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],
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"uses": "Ginger is traditionally and commonly used for nausea and vomiting, indigestion, menstrual cramps, and osteoarthritis.",
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"evidence": "Research shows ginger may be helpful for nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy. Studies suggest ginger dietary supplements might be helpful for reducing the severity of menstrual cramps and for knee osteoarthritis symptoms; effectiveness for chemotherapy- or post-surgery-related nausea remains uncertain.",
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"cautions": "Side effects when taken orally include abdominal discomfort, heartburn, diarrhea, and mouth and throat irritation. Possible interactions with medications exist; consult a healthcare provider before use, especially during pregnancy or breastfeeding.",
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"sourceUrl": "https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/ginger"
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},
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{
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"slug": "goldenseal",
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"name": "Goldenseal",
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"commonNames": [
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"Hydrastis canadensis"
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],
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"conditions": [
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"common-cold",
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"diarrhea",
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"wounds-cuts"
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],
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"uses": "Goldenseal is marketed for the common cold and upper respiratory infections, diarrhea, constipation, and other digestive conditions. Historically, Native Americans used it for digestive disorders, wounds, and skin conditions.",
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"evidence": "There is not enough evidence to determine whether goldenseal is useful for any health condition; no rigorous studies have been done in people. Very little of the active compound berberine is absorbed when goldenseal is taken orally, making findings from berberine studies potentially inapplicable.",
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"cautions": "Short-term use at approximately 3 grams daily appears to be without serious adverse effects, though longer-term safety is uncertain. Goldenseal significantly affects drug metabolism; one study found it decreased metformin levels by about 25%. Some commercial products contain unlisted ingredients or substitute herbs. Avoid during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and in infants due to potential harm from berberine.",
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"sourceUrl": "https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/goldenseal"
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},
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{
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"slug": "horse-chestnut",
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"name": "Horse Chestnut",
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"commonNames": [
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"Aesculus hippocastanum"
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],
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"conditions": [
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"hemorrhoids"
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],
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"uses": "Horse chestnut seed extract is promoted for chronic venous insufficiency (leg pain and swelling from poor circulation) and has historically been used for hemorrhoids, arthritis, and menstrual cramps.",
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"how": "Use only standardized horse chestnut seed extract (a dietary supplement) — never raw seeds, bark, flowers, or leaves, which are toxic when taken orally. Research has used standardized extract for up to 12 weeks; follow the product label and consult a healthcare provider before use.",
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"evidence": "A 2012 systematic review found horse chestnut seed extract can improve symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency, comparable to compression stockings in one study; however, more rigorous trials are needed. Evidence for other uses, including hemorrhoids, is insufficient.",
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"cautions": "Raw seeds, bark, flowers, and leaves are unsafe to take orally due to toxic components; only standardized extracts with the toxin removed should be used, and research shows safety for up to 12 weeks. Side effects include dizziness, digestive upset, headache, and itching. Safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding is unknown; consult a healthcare provider before use.",
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"sourceUrl": "https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/horse-chestnut"
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},
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{
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"slug": "lavender",
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"name": "Lavender",
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"commonNames": [
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"Lavandula angustifolia"
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],
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"conditions": [
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"sleeplessness"
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],
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"uses": "Lavender is promoted as an oral supplement and aromatherapy agent for calming anxiety, stress, and sleep difficulties; it is also used topically and in aromatherapy for depression symptoms and pain.",
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"how": "Lavender is used as an oral supplement (capsule or tea), as an aromatherapy oil (inhaled or diffused), or applied topically to skin. Oral lavender oil products have been studied for anxiety; aromatherapy involves inhaling the scent from a diffuser or a few drops on a cloth.",
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"evidence": "Studies suggest oral lavender oil might be beneficial for anxiety, including anxiety with co-occurring depression; evidence for sleep improvement is insufficient, and it is unclear whether aromatherapy with lavender benefits anxiety, stress, or depression.",
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"cautions": "Oral lavender products may cause diarrhea, headache, nausea, or burping. Topical application can trigger allergic skin reactions. Potential interactions with sedative drugs warrant discussion with a healthcare provider. Safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding is unknown.",
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"sourceUrl": "https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/lavender"
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},
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{
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"slug": "licorice-root",
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"name": "Licorice Root",
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"commonNames": [
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"Glycyrrhiza glabra"
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],
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"conditions": [
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"canker-sores",
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"sore-throat",
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"burns",
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"skin-rash-itch"
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],
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"uses": "Licorice root is promoted for digestive and respiratory support and is used topically for skin conditions. Research has focused on mouth rinses for canker sores, gargles or lozenges for sore throat prevention, and topical gels for eczema and burn healing.",
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"how": "For canker sores, licorice is used as a mouth rinse or gargle; for sore throat prevention around surgery, as a gargle or lozenge; for eczema or burn healing, as a topical gel applied to the skin. Avoid long-term or high-dose oral use due to serious cardiovascular risks.",
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"evidence": "Preliminary studies suggest licorice mouth rinses may reduce canker sore pain and size, and lozenges or gargles may prevent sore throat after surgical intubation. Topical gels show some promise for eczema symptoms and burn healing, though more research is needed. There is not enough high-quality evidence to support its use for most conditions.",
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"cautions": "Licorice contains glycyrrhizin, which can cause serious adverse effects including irregular heartbeat and cardiac arrest, especially with long-term or large-dose use. Even small amounts can be risky for people with high blood pressure, high salt intake, or heart or kidney conditions. Large amounts during pregnancy increase miscarriage risk and are considered unsafe. Interactions with corticosteroids have been documented; consult a healthcare provider before use.",
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"sourceUrl": "https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/licorice-root"
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},
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{
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"slug": "passionflower",
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"name": "Passionflower",
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"commonNames": [
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"Passiflora incarnata"
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],
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"conditions": [
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"sleeplessness"
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],
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"uses": "Passionflower is marketed as a dietary supplement for anxiety, sleep problems, and stress.",
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"how": "Passionflower is taken as a tea (studied for up to 7 nights) or as an oral extract supplement (studied for up to 8 weeks). Follow package directions and consult a healthcare provider before use, especially if you take other medications or are scheduled for surgery.",
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"evidence": "Some research suggests oral passionflower may help reduce anxiety symptoms and improve total sleep time in adults with insomnia, though findings on falling or staying asleep are mixed and conclusions are not definite.",
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"cautions": "Taking passionflower alongside anesthesia or other surgical medications may slow the nervous system too much; avoid use before surgery. Should not be used during pregnancy as it may induce uterine contractions. Possible side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, and confusion. Discuss with a healthcare provider before combining with medications.",
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"sourceUrl": "https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/passionflower"
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},
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{
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"slug": "peppermint-oil",
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"name": "Peppermint Oil",
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"commonNames": [
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"Mentha x piperita"
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],
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"conditions": [
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"headache",
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"nausea-vomiting",
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"indigestion"
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],
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"uses": "Peppermint oil is promoted for irritable bowel syndrome, indigestion, headaches, muscle tension, and nausea. Topical application is used for tension headaches, and inhaled peppermint oil is used for nausea.",
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"how": "For IBS, peppermint oil is taken as enteric-coated capsules (which reduce heartburn compared to plain capsules). For tension headaches, apply peppermint oil topically to the skin. For nausea, peppermint oil is inhaled as aromatherapy.",
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"evidence": "A 2022 review found peppermint oil was better than placebo at improving overall IBS symptoms and abdominal pain. A 2024 review concluded that inhaling peppermint oil was particularly effective at reducing nausea and vomiting in patients with cancer. Evidence suggests potential benefit for tension headaches when applied topically, though peppermint oil taken alone may worsen indigestion in some people.",
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"cautions": "Oral side effects may include heartburn, nausea, abdominal pain, and dry mouth; enteric-coated capsules reduce heartburn risk. Never apply topically to infants' or young children's faces due to menthol's respiratory effects. Skin irritation is possible with topical use. Consult a healthcare provider before use with medications, as interactions may occur.",
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"sourceUrl": "https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/peppermint-oil"
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},
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{
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"slug": "tea-tree-oil",
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"name": "Tea Tree Oil",
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"commonNames": [
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"Melaleuca alternifolia"
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],
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"conditions": [
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"fungal-infection",
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"acne",
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"wounds-cuts",
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"insect-bites-stings",
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"burns"
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],
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"uses": "Tea tree oil is marketed for external use including acne, athlete's foot, toenail fungus, and lice. Traditional Aboriginal uses included treating wounds, burns, and insect bites.",
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"how": "Apply tea tree oil topically to the affected skin area only — for acne or athlete's foot, use a product containing tea tree oil as directed on the label. Never swallow tea tree oil; oral ingestion can cause serious symptoms including confusion, unsteadiness, and coma.",
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"evidence": "A small amount of research suggests tea tree oil might be helpful for acne and athlete's foot (fungal infection), though more studies are needed. Evidence for toenail fungus, lice, eyelid inflammation, and oral health uses is insufficient or uncertain. Traditional wound, burn, and insect bite uses lack rigorous clinical research.",
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"cautions": "Critical warning: tea tree oil must not be swallowed — oral ingestion can cause serious symptoms including confusion, unsteadiness, inability to walk, and coma. Topical use is generally safe for most adults, though some experience skin redness or irritation. Older products or those exposed to heat, light, or air may increase reaction risk. Products appear safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding when used topically only.",
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"sourceUrl": "https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/tea-tree-oil"
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},
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{
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"slug": "turmeric",
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"name": "Turmeric",
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"commonNames": [
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"Curcuma longa",
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"curcumin"
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],
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"conditions": [
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"muscle-joint-pain",
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"indigestion",
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"skin-rash-itch"
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],
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"uses": "Turmeric is promoted for osteoarthritis, itching, depression, allergies, and high cholesterol; topical applications target joint pain. Historically, it was used in traditional medicine for indigestion, colds, skin infections, and liver disease.",
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"how": "Turmeric is taken orally as a dietary supplement or applied topically to the skin. Conventionally formulated oral turmeric or curcumin supplements are considered likely safe in recommended amounts for up to 2 to 3 months; follow the product label and consult a healthcare provider before use.",
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"evidence": "For osteoarthritis, initial evidence is positive for knee pain relief and joint function, though higher-quality research is needed. For most other claimed uses, researchers cannot definitively confirm turmeric's effectiveness, and overall evidence remains inconclusive.",
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"cautions": "Standard turmeric formulations are likely safe in recommended amounts for up to 2–3 months. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, acid reflux, and digestive issues. Enhanced bioavailability products have caused liver damage in some users; symptoms include fatigue, dark urine, and jaundice. Use during pregnancy may be unsafe; breastfeeding safety is unclear. Consult a healthcare provider before use with medications.",
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"sourceUrl": "https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/turmeric"
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},
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{
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"slug": "valerian",
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"name": "Valerian",
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"commonNames": [
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"Valeriana officinalis"
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],
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"conditions": [
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"sleeplessness"
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],
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"uses": "Valerian is promoted for insomnia, anxiety, stress, and depression; historically, it was also used for migraine, fatigue, and stomach issues.",
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"how": "Valerian is taken orally as a dietary supplement; clinical studies have used doses of 300 to 600 mg daily for up to 6 weeks. Follow the product label and consult a healthcare provider before use, particularly if combining with sedatives or alcohol.",
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"evidence": "Evidence is limited and inconsistent. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommended against using valerian for chronic insomnia in adults (2017). Studies on anxiety, menstrual cramps, and other conditions show inadequate evidence of benefit.",
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"cautions": "Appears generally safe for short-term use at 300–600 mg daily for up to 6 weeks; long-term safety is unknown. Common side effects include headache, stomach upset, mental dullness, and vivid dreams. Abrupt discontinuation after long-term use may cause withdrawal symptoms including anxiety and insomnia. Avoid combining with alcohol or sedatives. Safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding is unclear.",
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"sourceUrl": "https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/valerian"
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}
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]
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}
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