diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index a0b37b966..08b4b09b2 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -240,6 +240,8 @@ extend-select = [
     "PIE",
     # pylint
     "PL",
+    # flake8-use-pathlib
+    "PTH",
     # flake8-pyi
     "PYI",
     # flake8-quotes
diff --git a/scrapy/commands/genspider.py b/scrapy/commands/genspider.py
index d7dc104c2..2a1dea997 100644
--- a/scrapy/commands/genspider.py
+++ b/scrapy/commands/genspider.py
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ class Command(ScrapyCommand):
             spiders_dir = Path(spiders_module.__file__).parent.resolve()
         else:
             spiders_module = None
-            spiders_dir = Path(".")
+            spiders_dir = Path()
         spider_file = f"{spiders_dir / module}.py"
         shutil.copyfile(template_file, spider_file)
         render_templatefile(spider_file, **tvars)
diff --git a/scrapy/commands/startproject.py b/scrapy/commands/startproject.py
index 5cb73f0d2..e0c004580 100644
--- a/scrapy/commands/startproject.py
+++ b/scrapy/commands/startproject.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import os
 import re
 import string
 from importlib.util import find_spec
@@ -28,9 +27,9 @@ TEMPLATES_TO_RENDER: tuple[tuple[str, ...], ...] = (
 IGNORE = ignore_patterns("*.pyc", "__pycache__", ".svn")
 
 
-def _make_writable(path: str | os.PathLike) -> None:
-    current_permissions = os.stat(path).st_mode
-    os.chmod(path, current_permissions | OWNER_WRITE_PERMISSION)
+def _make_writable(path: Path) -> None:
+    current_permissions = path.stat().st_mode
+    path.chmod(current_permissions | OWNER_WRITE_PERMISSION)
 
 
 class Command(ScrapyCommand):
diff --git a/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/ftp.py b/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/ftp.py
index 598659b4d..0ad10baff 100644
--- a/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/ftp.py
+++ b/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/ftp.py
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import re
 from io import BytesIO
+from pathlib import Path
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, BinaryIO
 from urllib.parse import unquote
 
@@ -56,9 +57,11 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
 
 class ReceivedDataProtocol(Protocol):
-    def __init__(self, filename: str | None = None):
-        self.__filename: str | None = filename
-        self.body: BinaryIO = open(filename, "wb") if filename else BytesIO()
+    def __init__(self, filename: bytes | None = None):
+        self.__filename: bytes | None = filename
+        self.body: BinaryIO = (
+            Path(filename.decode()).open("wb") if filename else BytesIO()
+        )
         self.size: int = 0
 
     def dataReceived(self, data: bytes) -> None:
@@ -66,7 +69,7 @@ class ReceivedDataProtocol(Protocol):
         self.size += len(data)
 
     @property
-    def filename(self) -> str | None:
+    def filename(self) -> bytes | None:
         return self.__filename
 
     def close(self) -> None:
@@ -128,8 +131,8 @@ class FTPDownloadHandler:
     ) -> Response:
         self.result = result
         protocol.close()
-        headers = {"local filename": protocol.filename or "", "size": protocol.size}
-        body = to_bytes(protocol.filename or protocol.body.read())
+        headers = {"local filename": protocol.filename or b"", "size": protocol.size}
+        body = protocol.filename or protocol.body.read()
         respcls = responsetypes.from_args(url=request.url, body=body)
         # hints for Headers-related types may need to be fixed to not use AnyStr
         return respcls(url=request.url, status=200, body=body, headers=headers)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
diff --git a/scrapy/utils/testproc.py b/scrapy/utils/testproc.py
index 3b1035eab..85d7c940f 100644
--- a/scrapy/utils/testproc.py
+++ b/scrapy/utils/testproc.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 class ProcessTest:
     command: str | None = None
     prefix = [sys.executable, "-m", "scrapy.cmdline"]
-    cwd = os.getcwd()  # trial chdirs to temp dir
+    cwd = os.getcwd()  # trial chdirs to temp dir  # noqa: PTH109
 
     def execute(
         self,
diff --git a/tests/test_crawler.py b/tests/test_crawler.py
index 8b3a6eeca..6c3fe96b0 100644
--- a/tests/test_crawler.py
+++ b/tests/test_crawler.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import logging
-import os
 import platform
 import re
 import signal
@@ -643,7 +642,6 @@ class CrawlerRunnerHasSpider(unittest.TestCase):
 
 class ScriptRunnerMixin:
     script_dir: Path
-    cwd = os.getcwd()
 
     def get_script_args(self, script_name: str, *script_args: str) -> list[str]:
         script_path = self.script_dir / script_name
diff --git a/tests/test_downloader_handlers.py b/tests/test_downloader_handlers.py
index 8ecba41bf..05b64e704 100644
--- a/tests/test_downloader_handlers.py
+++ b/tests/test_downloader_handlers.py
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class FileTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def tearDown(self):
         os.close(self.fd)
-        os.remove(self.tmpname)
+        Path(self.tmpname).unlink()
 
     def test_download(self):
         def _test(response):
diff --git a/tests/test_utils_project.py b/tests/test_utils_project.py
index 3831f4c21..1d149d48d 100644
--- a/tests/test_utils_project.py
+++ b/tests/test_utils_project.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from scrapy.utils.project import data_path, get_project_settings
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
 def inside_a_project():
-    prev_dir = os.getcwd()
+    prev_dir = Path.cwd()
     project_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
 
     try: