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Merge branch 'master' into response_follow_all

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Eugenio Lacuesta 2020-01-05 00:33:19 -03:00
parent 21a2f8c6f8 ce618fb6f2
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9
.readthedocs.yml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
version: 2
sphinx:
configuration: docs/conf.py
python:
# For available versions, see:
# https://docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/config-file/v2.html#build-image
version: 3.7 # Keep in sync with .travis.yml
install:
- requirements: docs/requirements.txt

11
.travis.yml
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@ -12,21 +12,24 @@ matrix:
- env: TOXENV=flake8
python: 3.8
- env: TOXENV=pypy3
python: 3.5
- env: TOXENV=py35
python: 3.5
- env: TOXENV=py35-pinned
- env: TOXENV=pinned
python: 3.5
- env: TOXENV=py35-asyncio
python: 3.5.2
- env: TOXENV=py36
python: 3.6
- env: TOXENV=py37
python: 3.7
- env: TOXENV=py38
python: 3.8
- env: TOXENV=py38-extra-deps
- env: TOXENV=extra-deps
python: 3.8
- env: TOXENV=py38-asyncio
python: 3.8
- env: TOXENV=docs
python: 3.6
python: 3.7 # Keep in sync with .readthedocs.yml
install:
- |
if [ "$TOXENV" = "pypy3" ]; then

24
conftest.py
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@ -1,12 +1,19 @@
from pathlib import Path
import pytest
def _py_files(folder):
return (str(p) for p in Path(folder).rglob('*.py'))
collect_ignore = [
# not a test, but looks like a test
"scrapy/utils/testsite.py",
# contains scripts to be run by tests/test_crawler.py::CrawlerProcessSubprocess
*_py_files("tests/CrawlerProcess")
]
for line in open('tests/ignores.txt'):
file_path = line.strip()
if file_path and file_path[0] != '#':
@ -27,3 +34,18 @@ def pytest_collection_modifyitems(session, config, items):
items[:] = [item for item in items if isinstance(item, Flake8Item)]
except ImportError:
pass
@pytest.fixture(scope='class')
def reactor_pytest(request):
if not request.cls:
# doctests
return
request.cls.reactor_pytest = request.config.getoption("--reactor")
return request.cls.reactor_pytest
@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
def only_asyncio(request, reactor_pytest):
if request.node.get_closest_marker('only_asyncio') and reactor_pytest != 'asyncio':
pytest.skip('This test is only run with --reactor=asyncio')

281
docs/_tests/quotes.html Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Quotes to Scrape</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/main.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row header-box">
<div class="col-md-8">
<h1>
<a href="/" style="text-decoration: none">Quotes to Scrape</a>
</h1>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<p>
<a href="/login">Login</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-8">
<div class="quote" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<span class="text" itemprop="text">“The world as we have created it is a process of our thinking. It cannot be changed without changing our thinking.”</span>
<span>by <small class="author" itemprop="author">Albert Einstein</small>
<a href="/author/Albert-Einstein">(about)</a>
</span>
<div class="tags">
Tags:
<meta class="keywords" itemprop="keywords" content="change,deep-thoughts,thinking,world" / >
<a class="tag" href="/tag/change/page/1/">change</a>
<a class="tag" href="/tag/deep-thoughts/page/1/">deep-thoughts</a>
<a class="tag" href="/tag/thinking/page/1/">thinking</a>
<a class="tag" href="/tag/world/page/1/">world</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="quote" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<span class="text" itemprop="text">“It is our choices, Harry, that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities.”</span>
<span>by <small class="author" itemprop="author">J.K. Rowling</small>
<a href="/author/J-K-Rowling">(about)</a>
</span>
<div class="tags">
Tags:
<meta class="keywords" itemprop="keywords" content="abilities,choices" / >
<a class="tag" href="/tag/abilities/page/1/">abilities</a>
<a class="tag" href="/tag/choices/page/1/">choices</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="quote" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<span class="text" itemprop="text">“There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is a miracle.”</span>
<span>by <small class="author" itemprop="author">Albert Einstein</small>
<a href="/author/Albert-Einstein">(about)</a>
</span>
<div class="tags">
Tags:
<meta class="keywords" itemprop="keywords" content="inspirational,life,live,miracle,miracles" / >
<a class="tag" href="/tag/inspirational/page/1/">inspirational</a>
<a class="tag" href="/tag/life/page/1/">life</a>
<a class="tag" href="/tag/live/page/1/">live</a>
<a class="tag" href="/tag/miracle/page/1/">miracle</a>
<a class="tag" href="/tag/miracles/page/1/">miracles</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="quote" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<span class="text" itemprop="text">“The person, be it gentleman or lady, who has not pleasure in a good novel, must be intolerably stupid.”</span>
<span>by <small class="author" itemprop="author">Jane Austen</small>
<a href="/author/Jane-Austen">(about)</a>
</span>
<div class="tags">
Tags:
<meta class="keywords" itemprop="keywords" content="aliteracy,books,classic,humor" / >
<a class="tag" href="/tag/aliteracy/page/1/">aliteracy</a>
<a class="tag" href="/tag/books/page/1/">books</a>
<a class="tag" href="/tag/classic/page/1/">classic</a>
<a class="tag" href="/tag/humor/page/1/">humor</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="quote" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<span class="text" itemprop="text">“Imperfection is beauty, madness is genius and it&#39;s better to be absolutely ridiculous than absolutely boring.”</span>
<span>by <small class="author" itemprop="author">Marilyn Monroe</small>
<a href="/author/Marilyn-Monroe">(about)</a>
</span>
<div class="tags">
Tags:
<meta class="keywords" itemprop="keywords" content="be-yourself,inspirational" / >
<a class="tag" href="/tag/be-yourself/page/1/">be-yourself</a>
<a class="tag" href="/tag/inspirational/page/1/">inspirational</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="quote" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<span class="text" itemprop="text">“Try not to become a man of success. Rather become a man of value.”</span>
<span>by <small class="author" itemprop="author">Albert Einstein</small>
<a href="/author/Albert-Einstein">(about)</a>
</span>
<div class="tags">
Tags:
<meta class="keywords" itemprop="keywords" content="adulthood,success,value" / >
<a class="tag" href="/tag/adulthood/page/1/">adulthood</a>
<a class="tag" href="/tag/success/page/1/">success</a>
<a class="tag" href="/tag/value/page/1/">value</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="quote" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<span class="text" itemprop="text">“It is better to be hated for what you are than to be loved for what you are not.”</span>
<span>by <small class="author" itemprop="author">André Gide</small>
<a href="/author/Andre-Gide">(about)</a>
</span>
<div class="tags">
Tags:
<meta class="keywords" itemprop="keywords" content="life,love" / >
<a class="tag" href="/tag/life/page/1/">life</a>
<a class="tag" href="/tag/love/page/1/">love</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="quote" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<span class="text" itemprop="text">“I have not failed. I&#39;ve just found 10,000 ways that won&#39;t work.”</span>
<span>by <small class="author" itemprop="author">Thomas A. Edison</small>
<a href="/author/Thomas-A-Edison">(about)</a>
</span>
<div class="tags">
Tags:
<meta class="keywords" itemprop="keywords" content="edison,failure,inspirational,paraphrased" / >
<a class="tag" href="/tag/edison/page/1/">edison</a>
<a class="tag" href="/tag/failure/page/1/">failure</a>
<a class="tag" href="/tag/inspirational/page/1/">inspirational</a>
<a class="tag" href="/tag/paraphrased/page/1/">paraphrased</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="quote" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<span class="text" itemprop="text">“A woman is like a tea bag; you never know how strong it is until it&#39;s in hot water.”</span>
<span>by <small class="author" itemprop="author">Eleanor Roosevelt</small>
<a href="/author/Eleanor-Roosevelt">(about)</a>
</span>
<div class="tags">
Tags:
<meta class="keywords" itemprop="keywords" content="misattributed-eleanor-roosevelt" / >
<a class="tag" href="/tag/misattributed-eleanor-roosevelt/page/1/">misattributed-eleanor-roosevelt</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="quote" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork">
<span class="text" itemprop="text">“A day without sunshine is like, you know, night.”</span>
<span>by <small class="author" itemprop="author">Steve Martin</small>
<a href="/author/Steve-Martin">(about)</a>
</span>
<div class="tags">
Tags:
<meta class="keywords" itemprop="keywords" content="humor,obvious,simile" / >
<a class="tag" href="/tag/humor/page/1/">humor</a>
<a class="tag" href="/tag/obvious/page/1/">obvious</a>
<a class="tag" href="/tag/simile/page/1/">simile</a>
</div>
</div>
<nav>
<ul class="pager">
<li class="next">
<a href="/page/2/">Next <span aria-hidden="true">&rarr;</span></a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4 tags-box">
<h2>Top Ten tags</h2>
<span class="tag-item">
<a class="tag" style="font-size: 28px" href="/tag/love/">love</a>
</span>
<span class="tag-item">
<a class="tag" style="font-size: 26px" href="/tag/inspirational/">inspirational</a>
</span>
<span class="tag-item">
<a class="tag" style="font-size: 26px" href="/tag/life/">life</a>
</span>
<span class="tag-item">
<a class="tag" style="font-size: 24px" href="/tag/humor/">humor</a>
</span>
<span class="tag-item">
<a class="tag" style="font-size: 22px" href="/tag/books/">books</a>
</span>
<span class="tag-item">
<a class="tag" style="font-size: 14px" href="/tag/reading/">reading</a>
</span>
<span class="tag-item">
<a class="tag" style="font-size: 10px" href="/tag/friendship/">friendship</a>
</span>
<span class="tag-item">
<a class="tag" style="font-size: 8px" href="/tag/friends/">friends</a>
</span>
<span class="tag-item">
<a class="tag" style="font-size: 8px" href="/tag/truth/">truth</a>
</span>
<span class="tag-item">
<a class="tag" style="font-size: 6px" href="/tag/simile/">simile</a>
</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<footer class="footer">
<div class="container">
<p class="text-muted">
Quotes by: <a href="https://www.goodreads.com/quotes">GoodReads.com</a>
</p>
<p class="copyright">
Made with <span class='sh-red'>❤</span> by <a href="https://scrapinghub.com">Scrapinghub</a>
</p>
</div>
</footer>
</body>
</html>

13
docs/conf.py
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@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
# serve to show the default.
import sys
from datetime import datetime
from os import path
# If your extensions are in another directory, add it here. If the directory
@ -49,8 +50,8 @@ source_suffix = '.rst'
master_doc = 'index'
# General information about the project.
project = u'Scrapy'
copyright = u'2008–2018, Scrapy developers'
project = 'Scrapy'
copyright = '2008–{}, Scrapy developers'.format(datetime.now().year)
# The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
# |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
@ -194,8 +195,8 @@ htmlhelp_basename = 'Scrapydoc'
# Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
# (source start file, target name, title, author, document class [howto/manual]).
latex_documents = [
('index', 'Scrapy.tex', u'Scrapy Documentation',
u'Scrapy developers', 'manual'),
('index', 'Scrapy.tex', 'Scrapy Documentation',
'Scrapy developers', 'manual'),
]
# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
@ -268,6 +269,10 @@ coverage_ignore_pyobjects = [
# Never documented before, and deprecated now.
r'^scrapy\.item\.DictItem$',
r'^scrapy\.linkextractors\.FilteringLinkExtractor$',
# Implementation detail of LxmlLinkExtractor
r'^scrapy\.linkextractors\.lxmlhtml\.LxmlParserLinkExtractor',
]

18
docs/contributing.rst
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@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ guidelines when you're going to report a new bug.
* check the :ref:`FAQ <faq>` first to see if your issue is addressed in a
well-known question
* if you have a general question about scrapy usage, please ask it at
* if you have a general question about Scrapy usage, please ask it at
`Stack Overflow <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/scrapy>`__
(use "scrapy" tag).
@ -203,17 +203,9 @@ Tests are implemented using the :doc:`Twisted unit-testing framework
Running tests
-------------
Make sure you have a recent enough :doc:`tox <tox:index>` installation:
To run all tests::
``tox --version``
If your version is older than 1.7.0, please update it first:
``pip install -U tox``
To run all tests go to the root directory of Scrapy source code and run:
``tox``
tox
To run a specific test (say ``tests/test_loader.py``) use:
@ -225,11 +217,11 @@ the tests with Python 3.6 use::
tox -e py36
You can also specify a comma-separated list of environmets, and use :ref:`tox’s
You can also specify a comma-separated list of environments, and use :ref:`tox’s
parallel mode <tox:parallel_mode>` to run the tests on multiple environments in
parallel::
tox -e py27,py36 -p auto
tox -e py36,py38 -p auto
To pass command-line options to :doc:`pytest <pytest:index>`, add them after
``--`` in your call to :doc:`tox <tox:index>`. Using ``--`` overrides the

2
docs/faq.rst
View File

@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ How to split an item into multiple items in an item pipeline?
input item. :ref:`Create a spider middleware <custom-spider-middleware>`
instead, and use its
:meth:`~scrapy.spidermiddlewares.SpiderMiddleware.process_spider_output`
method for this puspose. For example::
method for this purpose. For example::
from copy import deepcopy

2
docs/index.rst
View File

@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ Solving specific problems
Get answers to most frequently asked questions.
:doc:`topics/debug`
Learn how to debug common problems of your scrapy spider.
Learn how to debug common problems of your Scrapy spider.
:doc:`topics/contracts`
Learn how to use contracts for testing your spiders.

18
docs/intro/install.rst
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@ -78,9 +78,9 @@ TL;DR: We recommend installing Scrapy inside a virtual environment
on all platforms.
Python packages can be installed either globally (a.k.a system wide),
or in user-space. We do not recommend installing scrapy system wide.
or in user-space. We do not recommend installing Scrapy system wide.
Instead, we recommend that you install scrapy within a so-called
Instead, we recommend that you install Scrapy within a so-called
"virtual environment" (`virtualenv`_).
Virtualenvs allow you to not conflict with already-installed Python
system packages (which could break some of your system tools and scripts),
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Check this `user guide`_ on how to create your virtualenv.
.. note::
If you use Linux or OS X, `virtualenvwrapper`_ is a handy tool to create virtualenvs.
Once you have created a virtualenv, you can install scrapy inside it with ``pip``,
Once you have created a virtualenv, you can install Scrapy inside it with ``pip``,
just like any other Python package.
(See :ref:`platform-specific guides <intro-install-platform-notes>`
below for non-Python dependencies that you may need to install beforehand).
@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ albeit with potential issues with TLS connections.
typically too old and slow to catch up with latest Scrapy.
To install scrapy on Ubuntu (or Ubuntu-based) systems, you need to install
To install Scrapy on Ubuntu (or Ubuntu-based) systems, you need to install
these dependencies::
sudo apt-get install python3 python3-dev python3-pip libxml2-dev libxslt1-dev zlib1g-dev libffi-dev libssl-dev
@ -225,17 +225,17 @@ PyPy
We recommend using the latest PyPy version. The version tested is 5.9.0.
For PyPy3, only Linux installation was tested.
Most scrapy dependencides now have binary wheels for CPython, but not for PyPy.
Most Scrapy dependencides now have binary wheels for CPython, but not for PyPy.
This means that these dependecies will be built during installation.
On OS X, you are likely to face an issue with building Cryptography dependency,
solution to this problem is described
`here <https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/2692#issuecomment-272773481>`_,
that is to ``brew install openssl`` and then export the flags that this command
recommends (only needed when installing scrapy). Installing on Linux has no special
recommends (only needed when installing Scrapy). Installing on Linux has no special
issues besides installing build dependencies.
Installing scrapy with PyPy on Windows is not tested.
Installing Scrapy with PyPy on Windows is not tested.
You can check that scrapy is installed correctly by running ``scrapy bench``.
You can check that Scrapy is installed correctly by running ``scrapy bench``.
If this command gives errors such as
``TypeError: ... got 2 unexpected keyword arguments``, this means
that setuptools was unable to pick up one PyPy-specific dependency.
@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ For details, see `Issue #2473 <https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/issues/2473>`_.
.. _Python: https://www.python.org/
.. _pip: https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/installing/
.. _lxml: http://lxml.de/
.. _lxml: https://lxml.de/index.html
.. _parsel: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/parsel
.. _w3lib: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/w3lib
.. _twisted: https://twistedmatrix.com/

120
docs/intro/tutorial.rst
View File

@ -252,30 +252,30 @@ The result of running ``response.css('title')`` is a list-like object called
and allow you to run further queries to fine-grain the selection or extract the
data.
To extract the text from the title above, you can do::
To extract the text from the title above, you can do:
>>> response.css('title::text').getall()
['Quotes to Scrape']
>>> response.css('title::text').getall()
['Quotes to Scrape']
There are two things to note here: one is that we've added ``::text`` to the
CSS query, to mean we want to select only the text elements directly inside
``<title>`` element. If we don't specify ``::text``, we'd get the full title
element, including its tags::
element, including its tags:
>>> response.css('title').getall()
['<title>Quotes to Scrape</title>']
>>> response.css('title').getall()
['<title>Quotes to Scrape</title>']
The other thing is that the result of calling ``.getall()`` is a list: it is
possible that a selector returns more than one result, so we extract them all.
When you know you just want the first result, as in this case, you can do::
When you know you just want the first result, as in this case, you can do:
>>> response.css('title::text').get()
'Quotes to Scrape'
>>> response.css('title::text').get()
'Quotes to Scrape'
As an alternative, you could've written::
As an alternative, you could've written:
>>> response.css('title::text')[0].get()
'Quotes to Scrape'
>>> response.css('title::text')[0].get()
'Quotes to Scrape'
However, using ``.get()`` directly on a :class:`~scrapy.selector.SelectorList`
instance avoids an ``IndexError`` and returns ``None`` when it doesn't
@ -288,14 +288,14 @@ to be scraped, you can at least get **some** data.
Besides the :meth:`~scrapy.selector.SelectorList.getall` and
:meth:`~scrapy.selector.SelectorList.get` methods, you can also use
the :meth:`~scrapy.selector.SelectorList.re` method to extract using `regular
expressions`_::
expressions`_:
>>> response.css('title::text').re(r'Quotes.*')
['Quotes to Scrape']
>>> response.css('title::text').re(r'Q\w+')
['Quotes']
>>> response.css('title::text').re(r'(\w+) to (\w+)')
['Quotes', 'Scrape']
>>> response.css('title::text').re(r'Quotes.*')
['Quotes to Scrape']
>>> response.css('title::text').re(r'Q\w+')
['Quotes']
>>> response.css('title::text').re(r'(\w+) to (\w+)')
['Quotes', 'Scrape']
In order to find the proper CSS selectors to use, you might find useful opening
the response page from the shell in your web browser using ``view(response)``.
@ -312,12 +312,12 @@ visually selected elements, which works in many browsers.
XPath: a brief intro
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Besides `CSS`_, Scrapy selectors also support using `XPath`_ expressions::
Besides `CSS`_, Scrapy selectors also support using `XPath`_ expressions:
>>> response.xpath('//title')
[<Selector xpath='//title' data='<title>Quotes to Scrape</title>'>]
>>> response.xpath('//title/text()').get()
'Quotes to Scrape'
>>> response.xpath('//title')
[<Selector xpath='//title' data='<title>Quotes to Scrape</title>'>]
>>> response.xpath('//title/text()').get()
'Quotes to Scrape'
XPath expressions are very powerful, and are the foundation of Scrapy
Selectors. In fact, CSS selectors are converted to XPath under-the-hood. You
@ -372,35 +372,35 @@ we want::
$ scrapy shell 'http://quotes.toscrape.com'
We get a list of selectors for the quote HTML elements with::
We get a list of selectors for the quote HTML elements with:
>>> response.css("div.quote")
[<Selector xpath="descendant-or-self::div[@class and contains(concat(' ', normalize-space(@class), ' '), ' quote ')]" data='<div class="quote" itemscope itemtype...'>,
<Selector xpath="descendant-or-self::div[@class and contains(concat(' ', normalize-space(@class), ' '), ' quote ')]" data='<div class="quote" itemscope itemtype...'>,
...]
>>> response.css("div.quote")
[<Selector xpath="descendant-or-self::div[@class and contains(concat(' ', normalize-space(@class), ' '), ' quote ')]" data='<div class="quote" itemscope itemtype...'>,
<Selector xpath="descendant-or-self::div[@class and contains(concat(' ', normalize-space(@class), ' '), ' quote ')]" data='<div class="quote" itemscope itemtype...'>,
...]
Each of the selectors returned by the query above allows us to run further
queries over their sub-elements. Let's assign the first selector to a
variable, so that we can run our CSS selectors directly on a particular quote::
variable, so that we can run our CSS selectors directly on a particular quote:
>>> quote = response.css("div.quote")[0]
>>> quote = response.css("div.quote")[0]
Now, let's extract ``text``, ``author`` and the ``tags`` from that quote
using the ``quote`` object we just created::
using the ``quote`` object we just created:
>>> text = quote.css("span.text::text").get()
>>> text
'“The world as we have created it is a process of our thinking. It cannot be changed without changing our thinking.”'
>>> author = quote.css("small.author::text").get()
>>> author
'Albert Einstein'
>>> text = quote.css("span.text::text").get()
>>> text
'“The world as we have created it is a process of our thinking. It cannot be changed without changing our thinking.”'
>>> author = quote.css("small.author::text").get()
>>> author
'Albert Einstein'
Given that the tags are a list of strings, we can use the ``.getall()`` method
to get all of them::
to get all of them:
>>> tags = quote.css("div.tags a.tag::text").getall()
>>> tags
['change', 'deep-thoughts', 'thinking', 'world']
>>> tags = quote.css("div.tags a.tag::text").getall()
>>> tags
['change', 'deep-thoughts', 'thinking', 'world']
.. invisible-code-block: python
@ -409,16 +409,16 @@ to get all of them::
.. skip: next if(version_info < (3, 6), reason="Only Python 3.6+ dictionaries match the output")
Having figured out how to extract each bit, we can now iterate over all the
quotes elements and put them together into a Python dictionary::
quotes elements and put them together into a Python dictionary:
>>> for quote in response.css("div.quote"):
... text = quote.css("span.text::text").get()
... author = quote.css("small.author::text").get()
... tags = quote.css("div.tags a.tag::text").getall()
... print(dict(text=text, author=author, tags=tags))
{'text': '“The world as we have created it is a process of our thinking. It cannot be changed without changing our thinking.”', 'author': 'Albert Einstein', 'tags': ['change', 'deep-thoughts', 'thinking', 'world']}
{'text': '“It is our choices, Harry, that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities.”', 'author': 'J.K. Rowling', 'tags': ['abilities', 'choices']}
...
>>> for quote in response.css("div.quote"):
... text = quote.css("span.text::text").get()
... author = quote.css("small.author::text").get()
... tags = quote.css("div.tags a.tag::text").getall()
... print(dict(text=text, author=author, tags=tags))
{'text': '“The world as we have created it is a process of our thinking. It cannot be changed without changing our thinking.”', 'author': 'Albert Einstein', 'tags': ['change', 'deep-thoughts', 'thinking', 'world']}
{'text': '“It is our choices, Harry, that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities.”', 'author': 'J.K. Rowling', 'tags': ['abilities', 'choices']}
...
Extracting data in our spider
-----------------------------
@ -516,23 +516,23 @@ markup:
</li>
</ul>
We can try extracting it in the shell::
We can try extracting it in the shell:
>>> response.css('li.next a').get()
'<a href="/page/2/">Next <span aria-hidden="true">→</span></a>'
>>> response.css('li.next a').get()
'<a href="/page/2/">Next <span aria-hidden="true">→</span></a>'
This gets the anchor element, but we want the attribute ``href``. For that,
Scrapy supports a CSS extension that lets you select the attribute contents,
like this::
like this:
>>> response.css('li.next a::attr(href)').get()
'/page/2/'
>>> response.css('li.next a::attr(href)').get()
'/page/2/'
There is also an ``attrib`` property available
(see :ref:`selecting-attributes` for more)::
(see :ref:`selecting-attributes` for more):
>>> response.css('li.next a').attrib['href']
'/page/2/'
>>> response.css('li.next a').attrib['href']
'/page/2/'
Let's see now our spider modified to recursively follow the link to the next
page, extracting data from it::

97
docs/news.rst
View File

@ -47,13 +47,13 @@ Backward-incompatible changes
(:issue:`2111`, :issue:`3392`, :issue:`3442`, :issue:`3450`)
* :class:`~scrapy.loader.ItemLoader` now turns the values of its input item
into lists::
into lists:
>>> item = MyItem()
>>> item['field'] = 'value1'
>>> loader = ItemLoader(item=item)
>>> item['field']
['value1']
>>> item = MyItem()
>>> item['field'] = 'value1'
>>> loader = ItemLoader(item=item)
>>> item['field']
['value1']
This is needed to allow adding values to existing fields
(``loader.add_value('field', 'value2')``).
@ -678,7 +678,7 @@ Usability improvements
* a message is added to IgnoreRequest in RobotsTxtMiddleware (:issue:`3113`)
* better validation of ``url`` argument in ``Response.follow`` (:issue:`3131`)
* non-zero exit code is returned from Scrapy commands when error happens
on spider inititalization (:issue:`3226`)
on spider initialization (:issue:`3226`)
* Link extraction improvements: "ftp" is added to scheme list (:issue:`3152`);
"flv" is added to common video extensions (:issue:`3165`)
* better error message when an exporter is disabled (:issue:`3358`);
@ -1156,7 +1156,7 @@ Bug fixes
- Fix :command:`view` command ; it was a regression in v1.3.0 (:issue:`2503`).
- Fix tests regarding ``*_EXPIRES settings`` with Files/Images pipelines (:issue:`2460`).
- Fix name of generated pipeline class when using basic project template (:issue:`2466`).
- Fix compatiblity with Twisted 17+ (:issue:`2496`, :issue:`2528`).
- Fix compatibility with Twisted 17+ (:issue:`2496`, :issue:`2528`).
- Fix ``scrapy.Item`` inheritance on Python 3.6 (:issue:`2511`).
- Enforce numeric values for components order in ``SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES``,
``DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES``, ``EXTENIONS`` and ``SPIDER_CONTRACTS`` (:issue:`2420`).
@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@ Bug fixes
Documentation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Reword Code of Coduct section and upgrade to Contributor Covenant v1.4
- Reword Code of Conduct section and upgrade to Contributor Covenant v1.4
(:issue:`2469`).
- Clarify that passing spider arguments converts them to spider attributes
(:issue:`2483`).
@ -1178,7 +1178,7 @@ Documentation
Cleanups
~~~~~~~~
- Remove reduntant check in ``MetaRefreshMiddleware`` (:issue:`2542`).
- Remove redundant check in ``MetaRefreshMiddleware`` (:issue:`2542`).
- Faster checks in ``LinkExtractor`` for allow/deny patterns (:issue:`2538`).
- Remove dead code supporting old Twisted versions (:issue:`2544`).
@ -1204,7 +1204,7 @@ New Features
- ``MailSender`` now accepts single strings as values for ``to`` and ``cc``
arguments (:issue:`2272`)
- ``scrapy fetch url``, ``scrapy shell url`` and ``fetch(url)`` inside
scrapy shell now follow HTTP redirections by default (:issue:`2290`);
Scrapy shell now follow HTTP redirections by default (:issue:`2290`);
See :command:`fetch` and :command:`shell` for details.
- ``HttpErrorMiddleware`` now logs errors with ``INFO`` level instead of ``DEBUG``;
this is technically **backward incompatible** so please check your log parsers.
@ -1360,7 +1360,7 @@ Documentation
- Grammar fixes: :issue:`2128`, :issue:`1566`.
- Download stats badge removed from README (:issue:`2160`).
- New scrapy :ref:`architecture diagram <topics-architecture>` (:issue:`2165`).
- New Scrapy :ref:`architecture diagram <topics-architecture>` (:issue:`2165`).
- Updated ``Response`` parameters documentation (:issue:`2197`).
- Reworded misleading :setting:`RANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY` description (:issue:`2190`).
- Add StackOverflow as a support channel (:issue:`2257`).
@ -1450,7 +1450,7 @@ Documentation
- Use "url" variable in downloader middleware example (:issue:`2015`)
- Grammar fixes (:issue:`2054`, :issue:`2120`)
- New FAQ entry on using BeautifulSoup in spider callbacks (:issue:`2048`)
- Add notes about scrapy not working on Windows with Python 3 (:issue:`2060`)
- Add notes about Scrapy not working on Windows with Python 3 (:issue:`2060`)
- Encourage complete titles in pull requests (:issue:`2026`)
Tests
@ -1509,7 +1509,7 @@ This 1.1 release brings a lot of interesting features and bug fixes:
You can use :setting:`FILES_STORE_S3_ACL` to change it.
- We've reimplemented ``canonicalize_url()`` for more correct output,
especially for URLs with non-ASCII characters (:issue:`1947`).
This could change link extractors output compared to previous scrapy versions.
This could change link extractors output compared to previous Scrapy versions.
This may also invalidate some cache entries you could still have from pre-1.1 runs.
**Warning: backward incompatible!**.
@ -1705,7 +1705,7 @@ Scrapy 1.0.4 (2015-12-30)
- fix ValueError: Invalid XPath: //div/[id="not-exists"]/text() on selectors.rst (:commit:`ca8d60f`)
- Typos corrections (:commit:`7067117`)
- fix typos in downloader-middleware.rst and exceptions.rst, middlware -> middleware (:commit:`32f115c`)
- Add note to ubuntu install section about debian compatibility (:commit:`23fda69`)
- Add note to Ubuntu install section about Debian compatibility (:commit:`23fda69`)
- Replace alternative OSX install workaround with virtualenv (:commit:`98b63ee`)
- Reference Homebrew's homepage for installation instructions (:commit:`1925db1`)
- Add oldest supported tox version to contributing docs (:commit:`5d10d6d`)
@ -1722,7 +1722,7 @@ Scrapy 1.0.4 (2015-12-30)
- Merge pull request #1513 from mgedmin/patch-2 (:commit:`5d4daf8`)
- Typo (:commit:`f8d0682`)
- Fix list formatting (:commit:`5f83a93`)
- fix scrapy squeue tests after recent changes to queuelib (:commit:`3365c01`)
- fix Scrapy squeue tests after recent changes to queuelib (:commit:`3365c01`)
- Merge pull request #1475 from rweindl/patch-1 (:commit:`2d688cd`)
- Update tutorial.rst (:commit:`fbc1f25`)
- Merge pull request #1449 from rhoekman/patch-1 (:commit:`7d6538c`)
@ -1734,7 +1734,7 @@ Scrapy 1.0.4 (2015-12-30)
Scrapy 1.0.3 (2015-08-11)
-------------------------
- add service_identity to scrapy install_requires (:commit:`cbc2501`)
- add service_identity to Scrapy install_requires (:commit:`cbc2501`)
- Workaround for travis#296 (:commit:`66af9cd`)
.. _release-1.0.2:
@ -1758,7 +1758,7 @@ Scrapy 1.0.1 (2015-07-01)
- include tests/ to source distribution in MANIFEST.in (:commit:`eca227e`)
- DOC Fix SelectJmes documentation (:commit:`b8567bc`)
- DOC Bring Ubuntu and Archlinux outside of Windows subsection (:commit:`392233f`)
- DOC remove version suffix from ubuntu package (:commit:`5303c66`)
- DOC remove version suffix from Ubuntu package (:commit:`5303c66`)
- DOC Update release date for 1.0 (:commit:`c89fa29`)
.. _release-1.0.0:
@ -2211,7 +2211,7 @@ Scrapy 0.24.2 (2014-07-08)
- Use a mutable mapping to proxy deprecated settings.overrides and settings.defaults attribute (:commit:`e5e8133`)
- there is not support for python3 yet (:commit:`3cd6146`)
- Update python compatible version set to debian packages (:commit:`fa5d76b`)
- Update python compatible version set to Debian packages (:commit:`fa5d76b`)
- DOC fix formatting in release notes (:commit:`c6a9e20`)
Scrapy 0.24.1 (2014-06-27)
@ -2229,12 +2229,12 @@ Enhancements
- Improve Scrapy top-level namespace (:issue:`494`, :issue:`684`)
- Add selector shortcuts to responses (:issue:`554`, :issue:`690`)
- Add new lxml based LinkExtractor to replace unmantained SgmlLinkExtractor
- Add new lxml based LinkExtractor to replace unmaintained SgmlLinkExtractor
(:issue:`559`, :issue:`761`, :issue:`763`)
- Cleanup settings API - part of per-spider settings **GSoC project** (:issue:`737`)
- Add UTF8 encoding header to templates (:issue:`688`, :issue:`762`)
- Telnet console now binds to 127.0.0.1 by default (:issue:`699`)
- Update debian/ubuntu install instructions (:issue:`509`, :issue:`549`)
- Update Debian/Ubuntu install instructions (:issue:`509`, :issue:`549`)
- Disable smart strings in lxml XPath evaluations (:issue:`535`)
- Restore filesystem based cache as default for http
cache middleware (:issue:`541`, :issue:`500`, :issue:`571`)
@ -2267,7 +2267,7 @@ Enhancements
- Tests and docs for ``request_fingerprint`` function (:issue:`597`)
- Update SEP-19 for GSoC project ``per-spider settings`` (:issue:`705`)
- Set exit code to non-zero when contracts fails (:issue:`727`)
- Add a setting to control what class is instanciated as Downloader component
- Add a setting to control what class is instantiated as Downloader component
(:issue:`738`)
- Pass response in ``item_dropped`` signal (:issue:`724`)
- Improve ``scrapy check`` contracts command (:issue:`733`, :issue:`752`)
@ -2276,7 +2276,7 @@ Enhancements
- Add a note about reporting security issues (:issue:`697`)
- Add LevelDB http cache storage backend (:issue:`626`, :issue:`500`)
- Sort spider list output of ``scrapy list`` command (:issue:`742`)
- Multiple documentation enhancemens and fixes
- Multiple documentation enhancements and fixes
(:issue:`575`, :issue:`587`, :issue:`590`, :issue:`596`, :issue:`610`,
:issue:`617`, :issue:`618`, :issue:`627`, :issue:`613`, :issue:`643`,
:issue:`654`, :issue:`675`, :issue:`663`, :issue:`711`, :issue:`714`)
@ -2321,19 +2321,19 @@ Scrapy 0.22.1 (released 2014-02-08)
- BaseSgmlLinkExtractor: Added unit test of a link with an inner tag (:commit:`c1cb418`)
- BaseSgmlLinkExtractor: Fixed unknown_endtag() so that it only set current_link=None when the end tag match the opening tag (:commit:`7e4d627`)
- Fix tests for Travis-CI build (:commit:`76c7e20`)
- replace unencodeable codepoints with html entities. fixes #562 and #285 (:commit:`5f87b17`)
- replace unencodable codepoints with html entities. fixes #562 and #285 (:commit:`5f87b17`)
- RegexLinkExtractor: encode URL unicode value when creating Links (:commit:`d0ee545`)
- Updated the tutorial crawl output with latest output. (:commit:`8da65de`)
- Updated shell docs with the crawler reference and fixed the actual shell output. (:commit:`875b9ab`)
- PEP8 minor edits. (:commit:`f89efaf`)
- Expose current crawler in the scrapy shell. (:commit:`5349cec`)
- Expose current crawler in the Scrapy shell. (:commit:`5349cec`)
- Unused re import and PEP8 minor edits. (:commit:`387f414`)
- Ignore None's values when using the ItemLoader. (:commit:`0632546`)
- DOC Fixed HTTPCACHE_STORAGE typo in the default value which is now Filesystem instead Dbm. (:commit:`cde9a8c`)
- show ubuntu setup instructions as literal code (:commit:`fb5c9c5`)
- show Ubuntu setup instructions as literal code (:commit:`fb5c9c5`)
- Update Ubuntu installation instructions (:commit:`70fb105`)
- Merge pull request #550 from stray-leone/patch-1 (:commit:`6f70b6a`)
- modify the version of scrapy ubuntu package (:commit:`725900d`)
- modify the version of Scrapy Ubuntu package (:commit:`725900d`)
- fix 0.22.0 release date (:commit:`af0219a`)
- fix typos in news.rst and remove (not released yet) header (:commit:`b7f58f4`)
@ -2354,7 +2354,7 @@ Enhancements
- Improve test coverage and forthcoming Python 3 support (:issue:`525`)
- Promote startup info on settings and middleware to INFO level (:issue:`520`)
- Support partials in ``get_func_args`` util (:issue:`506`, issue:`504`)
- Allow running indiviual tests via tox (:issue:`503`)
- Allow running individual tests via tox (:issue:`503`)
- Update extensions ignored by link extractors (:issue:`498`)
- Add middleware methods to get files/images/thumbs paths (:issue:`490`)
- Improve offsite middleware tests (:issue:`478`)
@ -2411,7 +2411,7 @@ Enhancements
- scrapy.mail.MailSender now can connect over TLS or upgrade using STARTTLS (:issue:`327`)
- New FilesPipeline with functionality factored out from ImagesPipeline (:issue:`370`, :issue:`409`)
- Recommend Pillow instead of PIL for image handling (:issue:`317`)
- Added debian packages for Ubuntu quantal and raring (:commit:`86230c0`)
- Added Debian packages for Ubuntu Quantal and Raring (:commit:`86230c0`)
- Mock server (used for tests) can listen for HTTPS requests (:issue:`410`)
- Remove multi spider support from multiple core components
(:issue:`422`, :issue:`421`, :issue:`420`, :issue:`419`, :issue:`423`, :issue:`418`)
@ -2430,7 +2430,7 @@ Bugfixes
- Fix tests under Django 1.6 (:commit:`b6bed44c`)
- Lot of bugfixes to retry middleware under disconnections using HTTP 1.1 download handler
- Fix inconsistencies among Twisted releases (:issue:`406`)
- Fix scrapy shell bugs (:issue:`418`, :issue:`407`)
- Fix Scrapy shell bugs (:issue:`418`, :issue:`407`)
- Fix invalid variable name in setup.py (:issue:`429`)
- Fix tutorial references (:issue:`387`)
- Improve request-response docs (:issue:`391`)
@ -2512,15 +2512,15 @@ Scrapy 0.18.1 (released 2013-08-27)
- test PotentiaDataLoss errors on unbound responses (:commit:`b15470d`)
- Treat responses without content-length or Transfer-Encoding as good responses (:commit:`c4bf324`)
- do no include ResponseFailed if http11 handler is not enabled (:commit:`6cbe684`)
- New HTTP client wraps connection losts in ResponseFailed exception. fix #373 (:commit:`1a20bba`)
- New HTTP client wraps connection lost in ResponseFailed exception. fix #373 (:commit:`1a20bba`)
- limit travis-ci build matrix (:commit:`3b01bb8`)
- Merge pull request #375 from peterarenot/patch-1 (:commit:`fa766d7`)
- Fixed so it refers to the correct folder (:commit:`3283809`)
- added quantal & raring to support ubuntu releases (:commit:`1411923`)
- added Quantal & Raring to support Ubuntu releases (:commit:`1411923`)
- fix retry middleware which didn't retry certain connection errors after the upgrade to http1 client, closes GH-373 (:commit:`bb35ed0`)
- fix XmlItemExporter in Python 2.7.4 and 2.7.5 (:commit:`de3e451`)
- minor updates to 0.18 release notes (:commit:`c45e5f1`)
- fix contributters list format (:commit:`0b60031`)
- fix contributors list format (:commit:`0b60031`)
Scrapy 0.18.0 (released 2013-08-09)
-----------------------------------
@ -2555,8 +2555,8 @@ Scrapy 0.18.0 (released 2013-08-09)
- Collect idle downloader slots (:issue:`297`)
- Add ``ftp://`` scheme downloader handler (:issue:`329`)
- Added downloader benchmark webserver and spider tools :ref:`benchmarking`
- Moved persistent (on disk) queues to a separate project (queuelib_) which scrapy now depends on
- Add scrapy commands using external libraries (:issue:`260`)
- Moved persistent (on disk) queues to a separate project (queuelib_) which Scrapy now depends on
- Add Scrapy commands using external libraries (:issue:`260`)
- Added ``--pdb`` option to ``scrapy`` command line tool
- Added :meth:`XPathSelector.remove_namespaces <scrapy.selector.Selector.remove_namespaces>` which allows to remove all namespaces from XML documents for convenience (to work with namespace-less XPaths). Documented in :ref:`topics-selectors`.
- Several improvements to spider contracts
@ -2568,7 +2568,7 @@ Scrapy 0.18.0 (released 2013-08-09)
- several more cleanups to singletons and multi-spider support (thanks Nicolas Ramirez)
- support custom download slots
- added --spider option to "shell" command.
- log overridden settings when scrapy starts
- log overridden settings when Scrapy starts
Thanks to everyone who contribute to this release. Here is a list of
contributors sorted by number of commits::
@ -2617,7 +2617,7 @@ contributors sorted by number of commits::
Scrapy 0.16.5 (released 2013-05-30)
-----------------------------------
- obey request method when scrapy deploy is redirected to a new endpoint (:commit:`8c4fcee`)
- obey request method when Scrapy deploy is redirected to a new endpoint (:commit:`8c4fcee`)
- fix inaccurate downloader middleware documentation. refs #280 (:commit:`40667cb`)
- doc: remove links to diveintopython.org, which is no longer available. closes #246 (:commit:`bd58bfa`)
- Find form nodes in invalid html5 documents (:commit:`e3d6945`)
@ -2631,8 +2631,8 @@ Scrapy 0.16.4 (released 2013-01-23)
- Fixed error message formatting. log.err() doesn't support cool formatting and when error occurred, the message was: "ERROR: Error processing %(item)s" (:commit:`c16150c`)
- lint and improve images pipeline error logging (:commit:`56b45fc`)
- fixed doc typos (:commit:`243be84`)
- add documentation topics: Broad Crawls & Common Practies (:commit:`1fbb715`)
- fix bug in scrapy parse command when spider is not specified explicitly. closes #209 (:commit:`c72e682`)
- add documentation topics: Broad Crawls & Common Practices (:commit:`1fbb715`)
- fix bug in Scrapy parse command when spider is not specified explicitly. closes #209 (:commit:`c72e682`)
- Update docs/topics/commands.rst (:commit:`28eac7a`)
Scrapy 0.16.3 (released 2012-12-07)
@ -2651,11 +2651,11 @@ Scrapy 0.16.3 (released 2012-12-07)
Scrapy 0.16.2 (released 2012-11-09)
-----------------------------------
- scrapy contracts: python2.6 compat (:commit:`a4a9199`)
- scrapy contracts verbose option (:commit:`ec41673`)
- proper unittest-like output for scrapy contracts (:commit:`86635e4`)
- Scrapy contracts: python2.6 compat (:commit:`a4a9199`)
- Scrapy contracts verbose option (:commit:`ec41673`)
- proper unittest-like output for Scrapy contracts (:commit:`86635e4`)
- added open_in_browser to debugging doc (:commit:`c9b690d`)
- removed reference to global scrapy stats from settings doc (:commit:`dd55067`)
- removed reference to global Scrapy stats from settings doc (:commit:`dd55067`)
- Fix SpiderState bug in Windows platforms (:commit:`58998f4`)
@ -2665,7 +2665,7 @@ Scrapy 0.16.1 (released 2012-10-26)
- fixed LogStats extension, which got broken after a wrong merge before the 0.16 release (:commit:`8c780fd`)
- better backward compatibility for scrapy.conf.settings (:commit:`3403089`)
- extended documentation on how to access crawler stats from extensions (:commit:`c4da0b5`)
- removed .hgtags (no longer needed now that scrapy uses git) (:commit:`d52c188`)
- removed .hgtags (no longer needed now that Scrapy uses git) (:commit:`d52c188`)
- fix dashes under rst headers (:commit:`fa4f7f9`)
- set release date for 0.16.0 in news (:commit:`e292246`)
@ -2680,8 +2680,7 @@ Scrapy changes:
- documented :doc:`topics/autothrottle` and added to extensions installed by default. You still need to enable it with :setting:`AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED`
- major Stats Collection refactoring: removed separation of global/per-spider stats, removed stats-related signals (``stats_spider_opened``, etc). Stats are much simpler now, backward compatibility is kept on the Stats Collector API and signals.
- added :meth:`~scrapy.spidermiddlewares.SpiderMiddleware.process_start_requests` method to spider middlewares
- dropped Signals singleton. Signals should now be accesed through the Crawler.signals attribute. See the signals documentation for more info.
- dropped Signals singleton. Signals should now be accesed through the Crawler.signals attribute. See the signals documentation for more info.
- dropped Signals singleton. Signals should now be accessed through the Crawler.signals attribute. See the signals documentation for more info.
- dropped Stats Collector singleton. Stats can now be accessed through the Crawler.stats attribute. See the stats collection documentation for more info.
- documented :ref:`topics-api`
- ``lxml`` is now the default selectors backend instead of ``libxml2``
@ -2715,7 +2714,7 @@ Scrapy changes:
Scrapy 0.14.4
-------------
- added precise to supported ubuntu distros (:commit:`b7e46df`)
- added precise to supported Ubuntu distros (:commit:`b7e46df`)
- fixed bug in json-rpc webservice reported in https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/scrapy-users/qgVBmFybNAQ/discussion. also removed no longer supported 'run' command from extras/scrapy-ws.py (:commit:`340fbdb`)
- meta tag attributes for content-type http equiv can be in any order. #123 (:commit:`0cb68af`)
- replace "import Image" by more standard "from PIL import Image". closes #88 (:commit:`4d17048`)
@ -2728,11 +2727,11 @@ Scrapy 0.14.3
- include egg files used by testsuite in source distribution. #118 (:commit:`c897793`)
- update docstring in project template to avoid confusion with genspider command, which may be considered as an advanced feature. refs #107 (:commit:`2548dcc`)
- added note to docs/topics/firebug.rst about google directory being shut down (:commit:`668e352`)
- dont discard slot when empty, just save in another dict in order to recycle if needed again. (:commit:`8e9f607`)
- don't discard slot when empty, just save in another dict in order to recycle if needed again. (:commit:`8e9f607`)
- do not fail handling unicode xpaths in libxml2 backed selectors (:commit:`b830e95`)
- fixed minor mistake in Request objects documentation (:commit:`bf3c9ee`)
- fixed minor defect in link extractors documentation (:commit:`ba14f38`)
- removed some obsolete remaining code related to sqlite support in scrapy (:commit:`0665175`)
- removed some obsolete remaining code related to sqlite support in Scrapy (:commit:`0665175`)
Scrapy 0.14.2
-------------

1
docs/requirements.txt
View File

@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-r ../requirements-py3.txt
Sphinx>=2.1
sphinx-hoverxref
sphinx-notfound-page

2
docs/topics/autothrottle.rst
View File

@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ Design goals
============
1. be nicer to sites instead of using default download delay of zero
2. automatically adjust scrapy to the optimum crawling speed, so the user
2. automatically adjust Scrapy to the optimum crawling speed, so the user
doesn't have to tune the download delays to find the optimum one.
The user only needs to specify the maximum concurrent requests
it allows, and the extension does the rest.

2
docs/topics/commands.rst
View File

@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ in standard locations:
1. ``/etc/scrapy.cfg`` or ``c:\scrapy\scrapy.cfg`` (system-wide),
2. ``~/.config/scrapy.cfg`` (``$XDG_CONFIG_HOME``) and ``~/.scrapy.cfg`` (``$HOME``)
for global (user-wide) settings, and
3. ``scrapy.cfg`` inside a scrapy project's root (see next section).
3. ``scrapy.cfg`` inside a Scrapy project's root (see next section).
Settings from these files are merged in the listed order of preference:
user-defined values have higher priority than system-wide defaults

2
docs/topics/contracts.rst
View File

@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Use the :command:`check` command to run the contract checks.
Custom Contracts
================
If you find you need more power than the built-in scrapy contracts you can
If you find you need more power than the built-in Scrapy contracts you can
create and load your own contracts in the project by using the
:setting:`SPIDER_CONTRACTS` setting::

2
docs/topics/debug.rst
View File

@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Debugging Spiders
=================
This document explains the most common techniques for debugging spiders.
Consider the following scrapy spider below::
Consider the following Scrapy spider below::
import scrapy
from myproject.items import MyItem

40
docs/topics/developer-tools.rst
View File

@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Therefore, you should keep in mind the following things:
.. _topics-inspector:
Inspecting a website
===================================
====================
By far the most handy feature of the Developer Tools is the `Inspector`
feature, which allows you to inspect the underlying HTML code of
@ -79,13 +79,23 @@ sections and tags of a webpage, which greatly improves readability. You can
expand and collapse a tag by clicking on the arrow in front of it or by double
clicking directly on the tag. If we expand the ``span`` tag with the ``class=
"text"`` we will see the quote-text we clicked on. The `Inspector` lets you
copy XPaths to selected elements. Let's try it out: Right-click on the ``span``
tag, select ``Copy > XPath`` and paste it in the scrapy shell like so::
copy XPaths to selected elements. Let's try it out.
First open the Scrapy shell at http://quotes.toscrape.com/ in a terminal:
.. code-block:: none
$ scrapy shell "http://quotes.toscrape.com/"
(...)
>>> response.xpath('/html/body/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/span[1]/text()').getall()
['"The world as we have created it is a process of our thinking. It cannot be changed without changing our thinking.”]
Then, back to your web browser, right-click on the ``span`` tag, select
``Copy > XPath`` and paste it in the Scrapy shell like so:
.. invisible-code-block: python
response = load_response('http://quotes.toscrape.com/', 'quotes.html')
>>> response.xpath('/html/body/div/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/span[1]/text()').getall()
['“The world as we have created it is a process of our thinking. It cannot be changed without changing our thinking.”']
Adding ``text()`` at the end we are able to extract the first quote with this
basic selector. But this XPath is not really that clever. All it does is
@ -112,13 +122,13 @@ see each quote:
With this knowledge we can refine our XPath: Instead of a path to follow,
we'll simply select all ``span`` tags with the ``class="text"`` by using
the `has-class-extension`_::
the `has-class-extension`_:
>>> response.xpath('//span[has-class("text")]/text()').getall()
['"The world as we have created it is a process of our thinking. It cannot be changed without changing our thinking.”,
'“It is our choices, Harry, that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities.”',
'“There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is a miracle.”',
(...)]
>>> response.xpath('//span[has-class("text")]/text()').getall()
['“The world as we have created it is a process of our thinking. It cannot be changed without changing our thinking.”',
'“It is our choices, Harry, that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities.”',
'“There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is a miracle.”',
...]
And with one simple, cleverer XPath we are able to extract all quotes from
the page. We could have constructed a loop over our first XPath to increase
@ -159,7 +169,11 @@ The page is quite similar to the basic `quotes.toscrape.com`_-page,
but instead of the above-mentioned ``Next`` button, the page
automatically loads new quotes when you scroll to the bottom. We
could go ahead and try out different XPaths directly, but instead
we'll check another quite useful command from the scrapy shell::
we'll check another quite useful command from the Scrapy shell:
.. skip: next
.. code-block:: none
$ scrapy shell "quotes.toscrape.com/scroll"
(...)

28
docs/topics/dynamic-content.rst
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@ -172,27 +172,27 @@ data from it:
data in JSON format, which you can then parse with `json.loads`_.
For example, if the JavaScript code contains a separate line like
``var data = {"field": "value"};`` you can extract that data as follows::
``var data = {"field": "value"};`` you can extract that data as follows:
>>> pattern = r'\bvar\s+data\s*=\s*(\{.*?\})\s*;\s*\n'
>>> json_data = response.css('script::text').re_first(pattern)
>>> json.loads(json_data)
{'field': 'value'}
>>> pattern = r'\bvar\s+data\s*=\s*(\{.*?\})\s*;\s*\n'
>>> json_data = response.css('script::text').re_first(pattern)
>>> json.loads(json_data)
{'field': 'value'}
- Otherwise, use js2xml_ to convert the JavaScript code into an XML document
that you can parse using :ref:`selectors <topics-selectors>`.
For example, if the JavaScript code contains
``var data = {field: "value"};`` you can extract that data as follows::
``var data = {field: "value"};`` you can extract that data as follows:
>>> import js2xml
>>> import lxml.etree
>>> from parsel import Selector
>>> javascript = response.css('script::text').get()
>>> xml = lxml.etree.tostring(js2xml.parse(javascript), encoding='unicode')
>>> selector = Selector(text=xml)
>>> selector.css('var[name="data"]').get()
'<var name="data"><object><property name="field"><string>value</string></property></object></var>'
>>> import js2xml
>>> import lxml.etree
>>> from parsel import Selector
>>> javascript = response.css('script::text').get()
>>> xml = lxml.etree.tostring(js2xml.parse(javascript), encoding='unicode')
>>> selector = Selector(text=xml)
>>> selector.css('var[name="data"]').get()
'<var name="data"><object><property name="field"><string>value</string></property></object></var>'
.. _topics-javascript-rendering:

106
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@ -84,77 +84,74 @@ notice the API is very similar to the `dict API`_.
Creating items
--------------
::
>>> product = Product(name='Desktop PC', price=1000)
>>> print(product)
Product(name='Desktop PC', price=1000)
>>> product = Product(name='Desktop PC', price=1000)
>>> print(product)
Product(name='Desktop PC', price=1000)
Getting field values
--------------------
::
>>> product['name']
Desktop PC
>>> product.get('name')
Desktop PC
>>> product['name']
Desktop PC
>>> product.get('name')
Desktop PC
>>> product['price']
1000
>>> product['price']
1000
>>> product['last_updated']
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
KeyError: 'last_updated'
>>> product['last_updated']
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
KeyError: 'last_updated'
>>> product.get('last_updated', 'not set')
not set
>>> product.get('last_updated', 'not set')
not set
>>> product['lala'] # getting unknown field
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
KeyError: 'lala'
>>> product['lala'] # getting unknown field
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
KeyError: 'lala'
>>> product.get('lala', 'unknown field')
'unknown field'
>>> product.get('lala', 'unknown field')
'unknown field'
>>> 'name' in product # is name field populated?
True
>>> 'name' in product # is name field populated?
True
>>> 'last_updated' in product # is last_updated populated?
False
>>> 'last_updated' in product # is last_updated populated?
False
>>> 'last_updated' in product.fields # is last_updated a declared field?
True
>>> 'last_updated' in product.fields # is last_updated a declared field?
True
>>> 'lala' in product.fields # is lala a declared field?
False
>>> 'lala' in product.fields # is lala a declared field?
False
Setting field values
--------------------
::
>>> product['last_updated'] = 'today'
>>> product['last_updated']
today
>>> product['last_updated'] = 'today'
>>> product['last_updated']
today
>>> product['lala'] = 'test' # setting unknown field
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
KeyError: 'Product does not support field: lala'
>>> product['lala'] = 'test' # setting unknown field
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
KeyError: 'Product does not support field: lala'
Accessing all populated values
------------------------------
To access all populated values, just use the typical `dict API`_::
To access all populated values, just use the typical `dict API`_:
>>> product.keys()
['price', 'name']
>>> product.keys()
['price', 'name']
>>> product.items()
[('price', 1000), ('name', 'Desktop PC')]
>>> product.items()
[('price', 1000), ('name', 'Desktop PC')]
.. _copying-items:
@ -194,20 +191,21 @@ To create a deep copy, call :meth:`~scrapy.item.Item.deepcopy` instead
Other common tasks
------------------
Creating dicts from items::
Creating dicts from items:
>>> dict(product) # create a dict from all populated values
{'price': 1000, 'name': 'Desktop PC'}
>>> dict(product) # create a dict from all populated values
{'price': 1000, 'name': 'Desktop PC'}
Creating items from dicts::
Creating items from dicts:
>>> Product({'name': 'Laptop PC', 'price': 1500})
Product(price=1500, name='Laptop PC')
>>> Product({'name': 'Laptop PC', 'price': 1500})
Product(price=1500, name='Laptop PC')
>>> Product({'name': 'Laptop PC', 'lala': 1500}) # warning: unknown field in dict
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
KeyError: 'Product does not support field: lala'
>>> Product({'name': 'Laptop PC', 'lala': 1500}) # warning: unknown field in dict
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
KeyError: 'Product does not support field: lala'
Extending Items
===============

2
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@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ Request serialization
For persistence to work, :class:`~scrapy.http.Request` objects must be
serializable with :mod:`pickle`, except for the ``callback`` and ``errback``
values passed to their ``__init__`` method, which must be methods of the
runnning :class:`~scrapy.spiders.Spider` class.
running :class:`~scrapy.spiders.Spider` class.
If you wish to log the requests that couldn't be serialized, you can set the
:setting:`SCHEDULER_DEBUG` setting to ``True`` in the project's settings page.

142
docs/topics/leaks.rst
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@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ ties the response lifetime to the requests' one, and that would definitely
cause memory leaks.
Let's see how we can discover the cause (without knowing it
a-priori, of course) by using the ``trackref`` tool.
a priori, of course) by using the ``trackref`` tool.
After the crawler is running for a few minutes and we notice its memory usage
has grown a lot, we can enter its telnet console and check the live
@ -132,21 +132,21 @@ and check the code of the spider to discover the nasty line that is
generating the leaks (passing response references inside requests).
Sometimes extra information about live objects can be helpful.
Let's check the oldest response::
Let's check the oldest response:
>>> from scrapy.utils.trackref import get_oldest
>>> r = get_oldest('HtmlResponse')
>>> r.url
'http://www.somenastyspider.com/product.php?pid=123'
>>> from scrapy.utils.trackref import get_oldest
>>> r = get_oldest('HtmlResponse')
>>> r.url
'http://www.somenastyspider.com/product.php?pid=123'
If you want to iterate over all objects, instead of getting the oldest one, you
can use the :func:`scrapy.utils.trackref.iter_all` function::
can use the :func:`scrapy.utils.trackref.iter_all` function:
>>> from scrapy.utils.trackref import iter_all
>>> [r.url for r in iter_all('HtmlResponse')]
['http://www.somenastyspider.com/product.php?pid=123',
'http://www.somenastyspider.com/product.php?pid=584',
...
>>> from scrapy.utils.trackref import iter_all
>>> [r.url for r in iter_all('HtmlResponse')]
['http://www.somenastyspider.com/product.php?pid=123',
'http://www.somenastyspider.com/product.php?pid=584',
...]
Too many spiders?
-----------------
@ -155,10 +155,10 @@ If your project has too many spiders executed in parallel,
the output of :func:`prefs()` can be difficult to read.
For this reason, that function has a ``ignore`` argument which can be used to
ignore a particular class (and all its subclases). For
example, this won't show any live references to spiders::
example, this won't show any live references to spiders:
>>> from scrapy.spiders import Spider
>>> prefs(ignore=Spider)
>>> from scrapy.spiders import Spider
>>> prefs(ignore=Spider)
.. module:: scrapy.utils.trackref
:synopsis: Track references of live objects
@ -214,41 +214,41 @@ If you use ``pip``, you can install Guppy with the following command::
The telnet console also comes with a built-in shortcut (``hpy``) for accessing
Guppy heap objects. Here's an example to view all Python objects available in
the heap using Guppy::
the heap using Guppy:
>>> x = hpy.heap()
>>> x.bytype
Partition of a set of 297033 objects. Total size = 52587824 bytes.
Index Count % Size % Cumulative % Type
0 22307 8 16423880 31 16423880 31 dict
1 122285 41 12441544 24 28865424 55 str
2 68346 23 5966696 11 34832120 66 tuple
3 227 0 5836528 11 40668648 77 unicode
4 2461 1 2222272 4 42890920 82 type
5 16870 6 2024400 4 44915320 85 function
6 13949 5 1673880 3 46589200 89 types.CodeType
7 13422 5 1653104 3 48242304 92 list
8 3735 1 1173680 2 49415984 94 _sre.SRE_Pattern
9 1209 0 456936 1 49872920 95 scrapy.http.headers.Headers
<1676 more rows. Type e.g. '_.more' to view.>
>>> x = hpy.heap()
>>> x.bytype
Partition of a set of 297033 objects. Total size = 52587824 bytes.
Index Count % Size % Cumulative % Type
0 22307 8 16423880 31 16423880 31 dict
1 122285 41 12441544 24 28865424 55 str
2 68346 23 5966696 11 34832120 66 tuple
3 227 0 5836528 11 40668648 77 unicode
4 2461 1 2222272 4 42890920 82 type
5 16870 6 2024400 4 44915320 85 function
6 13949 5 1673880 3 46589200 89 types.CodeType
7 13422 5 1653104 3 48242304 92 list
8 3735 1 1173680 2 49415984 94 _sre.SRE_Pattern
9 1209 0 456936 1 49872920 95 scrapy.http.headers.Headers
<1676 more rows. Type e.g. '_.more' to view.>
You can see that most space is used by dicts. Then, if you want to see from
which attribute those dicts are referenced, you could do::
which attribute those dicts are referenced, you could do:
>>> x.bytype[0].byvia
Partition of a set of 22307 objects. Total size = 16423880 bytes.
Index Count % Size % Cumulative % Referred Via:
0 10982 49 9416336 57 9416336 57 '.__dict__'
1 1820 8 2681504 16 12097840 74 '.__dict__', '.func_globals'
2 3097 14 1122904 7 13220744 80
3 990 4 277200 2 13497944 82 "['cookies']"
4 987 4 276360 2 13774304 84 "['cache']"
5 985 4 275800 2 14050104 86 "['meta']"
6 897 4 251160 2 14301264 87 '[2]'
7 1 0 196888 1 14498152 88 "['moduleDict']", "['modules']"
8 672 3 188160 1 14686312 89 "['cb_kwargs']"
9 27 0 155016 1 14841328 90 '[1]'
<333 more rows. Type e.g. '_.more' to view.>
>>> x.bytype[0].byvia
Partition of a set of 22307 objects. Total size = 16423880 bytes.
Index Count % Size % Cumulative % Referred Via:
0 10982 49 9416336 57 9416336 57 '.__dict__'
1 1820 8 2681504 16 12097840 74 '.__dict__', '.func_globals'
2 3097 14 1122904 7 13220744 80
3 990 4 277200 2 13497944 82 "['cookies']"
4 987 4 276360 2 13774304 84 "['cache']"
5 985 4 275800 2 14050104 86 "['meta']"
6 897 4 251160 2 14301264 87 '[2]'
7 1 0 196888 1 14498152 88 "['moduleDict']", "['modules']"
8 672 3 188160 1 14686312 89 "['cb_kwargs']"
9 27 0 155016 1 14841328 90 '[1]'
<333 more rows. Type e.g. '_.more' to view.>
As you can see, the Guppy module is very powerful but also requires some deep
knowledge about Python internals. For more info about Guppy, refer to the
@ -269,32 +269,32 @@ If you use ``pip``, you can install muppy with the following command::
pip install Pympler
Here's an example to view all Python objects available in
the heap using muppy::
the heap using muppy:
>>> from pympler import muppy
>>> all_objects = muppy.get_objects()
>>> len(all_objects)
28667
>>> from pympler import summary
>>> suml = summary.summarize(all_objects)
>>> summary.print_(suml)
types | # objects | total size
==================================== | =========== | ============
<class 'str | 9822 | 1.10 MB
<class 'dict | 1658 | 856.62 KB
<class 'type | 436 | 443.60 KB
<class 'code | 2974 | 419.56 KB
<class '_io.BufferedWriter | 2 | 256.34 KB
<class 'set | 420 | 159.88 KB
<class '_io.BufferedReader | 1 | 128.17 KB
<class 'wrapper_descriptor | 1130 | 88.28 KB
<class 'tuple | 1304 | 86.57 KB
<class 'weakref | 1013 | 79.14 KB
<class 'builtin_function_or_method | 958 | 67.36 KB
<class 'method_descriptor | 865 | 60.82 KB
<class 'abc.ABCMeta | 62 | 59.96 KB
<class 'list | 446 | 58.52 KB
<class 'int | 1425 | 43.20 KB
>>> from pympler import muppy
>>> all_objects = muppy.get_objects()
>>> len(all_objects)
28667
>>> from pympler import summary
>>> suml = summary.summarize(all_objects)
>>> summary.print_(suml)
types | # objects | total size
==================================== | =========== | ============
<class 'str | 9822 | 1.10 MB
<class 'dict | 1658 | 856.62 KB
<class 'type | 436 | 443.60 KB
<class 'code | 2974 | 419.56 KB
<class '_io.BufferedWriter | 2 | 256.34 KB
<class 'set | 420 | 159.88 KB
<class '_io.BufferedReader | 1 | 128.17 KB
<class 'wrapper_descriptor | 1130 | 88.28 KB
<class 'tuple | 1304 | 86.57 KB
<class 'weakref | 1013 | 79.14 KB
<class 'builtin_function_or_method | 958 | 67.36 KB
<class 'method_descriptor | 865 | 60.82 KB
<class 'abc.ABCMeta | 62 | 59.96 KB
<class 'list | 446 | 58.52 KB
<class 'int | 1425 | 43.20 KB
For more info about muppy, refer to the `muppy documentation`_.

45
docs/topics/link-extractors.rst
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@ -4,46 +4,33 @@
Link Extractors
===============
Link extractors are objects whose only purpose is to extract links from web
pages (:class:`scrapy.http.Response` objects) which will be eventually
followed.
A link extractor is an object that extracts links from responses.
There is ``scrapy.linkextractors.LinkExtractor`` available
in Scrapy, but you can create your own custom Link Extractors to suit your
needs by implementing a simple interface.
The only public method that every link extractor has is ``extract_links``,
which receives a :class:`~scrapy.http.Response` object and returns a list
of :class:`scrapy.link.Link` objects. Link extractors are meant to be
instantiated once and their ``extract_links`` method called several times
with different responses to extract links to follow.
Link extractors are used in the :class:`~scrapy.spiders.CrawlSpider`
class (available in Scrapy), through a set of rules, but you can also use it in
your spiders, even if you don't subclass from
:class:`~scrapy.spiders.CrawlSpider`, as its purpose is very simple: to
extract links.
The ``__init__`` method of
:class:`~scrapy.linkextractors.lxmlhtml.LxmlLinkExtractor` takes settings that
determine which links may be extracted. :class:`LxmlLinkExtractor.extract_links
<scrapy.linkextractors.lxmlhtml.LxmlLinkExtractor.extract_links>` returns a
list of matching :class:`scrapy.link.Link` objects from a
:class:`~scrapy.http.Response` object.
Link extractors are used in :class:`~scrapy.spiders.CrawlSpider` spiders
through a set of :class:`~scrapy.spiders.Rule` objects. You can also use link
extractors in regular spiders.
.. _topics-link-extractors-ref:
Built-in link extractors reference
==================================
Link extractor reference
========================
.. module:: scrapy.linkextractors
:synopsis: Link extractors classes
Link extractors classes bundled with Scrapy are provided in the
:mod:`scrapy.linkextractors` module.
The default link extractor is ``LinkExtractor``, which is the same as
:class:`~.LxmlLinkExtractor`::
The link extractor class is
:class:`scrapy.linkextractors.lxmlhtml.LxmlLinkExtractor`. For convenience it
can also be imported as ``scrapy.linkextractors.LinkExtractor``::
from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
There used to be other link extractor classes in previous Scrapy versions,
but they are deprecated now.
LxmlLinkExtractor
-----------------
@ -152,4 +139,6 @@ LxmlLinkExtractor
from elements or attributes which allow leading/trailing whitespaces).
:type strip: boolean
.. automethod:: extract_links
.. _scrapy.linkextractors: https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/blob/master/scrapy/linkextractors/__init__.py

114
docs/topics/loaders.rst
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@ -206,14 +206,12 @@ metadata. Here is an example::
output_processor=TakeFirst(),
)
::
>>> from scrapy.loader import ItemLoader
>>> il = ItemLoader(item=Product())
>>> il.add_value('name', [u'Welcome to my', u'<strong>website</strong>'])
>>> il.add_value('price', [u'&euro;', u'<span>1000</span>'])
>>> il.load_item()
{'name': u'Welcome to my website', 'price': u'1000'}
>>> from scrapy.loader import ItemLoader
>>> il = ItemLoader(item=Product())
>>> il.add_value('name', [u'Welcome to my', u'<strong>website</strong>'])
>>> il.add_value('price', [u'&euro;', u'<span>1000</span>'])
>>> il.load_item()
{'name': u'Welcome to my website', 'price': u'1000'}
The precedence order, for both input and output processors, is as follows:
@ -314,11 +312,11 @@ ItemLoader objects
applied before processors
:type re: str or compiled regex
Examples::
Examples:
>>> from scrapy.loader.processors import TakeFirst
>>> loader.get_value(u'name: foo', TakeFirst(), unicode.upper, re='name: (.+)')
'FOO`
>>> from scrapy.loader.processors import TakeFirst
>>> loader.get_value(u'name: foo', TakeFirst(), unicode.upper, re='name: (.+)')
'FOO`
.. method:: add_value(field_name, value, \*processors, \**kwargs)
@ -639,12 +637,12 @@ Here is a list of all built-in processors:
values unchanged. It doesn't receive any ``__init__`` method arguments, nor does it
accept Loader contexts.
Example::
Example:
>>> from scrapy.loader.processors import Identity
>>> proc = Identity()
>>> proc(['one', 'two', 'three'])
['one', 'two', 'three']
>>> from scrapy.loader.processors import Identity
>>> proc = Identity()
>>> proc(['one', 'two', 'three'])
['one', 'two', 'three']
.. class:: TakeFirst
@ -652,12 +650,12 @@ Here is a list of all built-in processors:
so it's typically used as an output processor to single-valued fields.
It doesn't receive any ``__init__`` method arguments, nor does it accept Loader contexts.
Example::
Example:
>>> from scrapy.loader.processors import TakeFirst
>>> proc = TakeFirst()
>>> proc(['', 'one', 'two', 'three'])
'one'
>>> from scrapy.loader.processors import TakeFirst
>>> proc = TakeFirst()
>>> proc(['', 'one', 'two', 'three'])
'one'
.. class:: Join(separator=u' ')
@ -667,15 +665,15 @@ Here is a list of all built-in processors:
When using the default separator, this processor is equivalent to the
function: ``u' '.join``
Examples::
Examples:
>>> from scrapy.loader.processors import Join
>>> proc = Join()
>>> proc(['one', 'two', 'three'])
'one two three'
>>> proc = Join('<br>')
>>> proc(['one', 'two', 'three'])
'one<br>two<br>three'
>>> from scrapy.loader.processors import Join
>>> proc = Join()
>>> proc(['one', 'two', 'three'])
'one two three'
>>> proc = Join('<br>')
>>> proc(['one', 'two', 'three'])
'one<br>two<br>three'
.. class:: Compose(\*functions, \**default_loader_context)
@ -688,12 +686,12 @@ Here is a list of all built-in processors:
By default, stop process on ``None`` value. This behaviour can be changed by
passing keyword argument ``stop_on_none=False``.
Example::
Example:
>>> from scrapy.loader.processors import Compose
>>> proc = Compose(lambda v: v[0], str.upper)
>>> proc(['hello', 'world'])
'HELLO'
>>> from scrapy.loader.processors import Compose
>>> proc = Compose(lambda v: v[0], str.upper)
>>> proc(['hello', 'world'])
'HELLO'
Each function can optionally receive a ``loader_context`` parameter. For
those which do, this processor will pass the currently active :ref:`Loader
@ -732,15 +730,15 @@ Here is a list of all built-in processors:
:meth:`~scrapy.selector.Selector.extract` method of :ref:`selectors
<topics-selectors>`, which returns a list of unicode strings.
The example below should clarify how it works::
The example below should clarify how it works:
>>> def filter_world(x):
... return None if x == 'world' else x
...
>>> from scrapy.loader.processors import MapCompose
>>> proc = MapCompose(filter_world, str.upper)
>>> proc(['hello', 'world', 'this', 'is', 'scrapy'])
['HELLO, 'THIS', 'IS', 'SCRAPY']
>>> def filter_world(x):
... return None if x == 'world' else x
...
>>> from scrapy.loader.processors import MapCompose
>>> proc = MapCompose(filter_world, str.upper)
>>> proc(['hello', 'world', 'this', 'is', 'scrapy'])
['HELLO, 'THIS', 'IS', 'SCRAPY']
As with the Compose processor, functions can receive Loader contexts, and
``__init__`` method keyword arguments are used as default context values. See
@ -752,21 +750,21 @@ Here is a list of all built-in processors:
Requires jmespath (https://github.com/jmespath/jmespath.py) to run.
This processor takes only one input at a time.
Example::
Example:
>>> from scrapy.loader.processors import SelectJmes, Compose, MapCompose
>>> proc = SelectJmes("foo") #for direct use on lists and dictionaries
>>> proc({'foo': 'bar'})
'bar'
>>> proc({'foo': {'bar': 'baz'}})
{'bar': 'baz'}
>>> from scrapy.loader.processors import SelectJmes, Compose, MapCompose
>>> proc = SelectJmes("foo") #for direct use on lists and dictionaries
>>> proc({'foo': 'bar'})
'bar'
>>> proc({'foo': {'bar': 'baz'}})
{'bar': 'baz'}
Working with Json::
Working with Json:
>>> import json
>>> proc_single_json_str = Compose(json.loads, SelectJmes("foo"))
>>> proc_single_json_str('{"foo": "bar"}')
'bar'
>>> proc_json_list = Compose(json.loads, MapCompose(SelectJmes('foo')))
>>> proc_json_list('[{"foo":"bar"}, {"baz":"tar"}]')
['bar']
>>> import json
>>> proc_single_json_str = Compose(json.loads, SelectJmes("foo"))
>>> proc_single_json_str('{"foo": "bar"}')
'bar'
>>> proc_json_list = Compose(json.loads, MapCompose(SelectJmes('foo')))
>>> proc_json_list('[{"foo":"bar"}, {"baz":"tar"}]')
['bar']

4
docs/topics/logging.rst
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@ -171,9 +171,9 @@ listed in `logging's logrecord attributes docs
<https://docs.python.org/2/library/datetime.html#strftime-and-strptime-behavior>`_
respectively.
If :setting:`LOG_SHORT_NAMES` is set, then the logs will not display the scrapy
If :setting:`LOG_SHORT_NAMES` is set, then the logs will not display the Scrapy
component that prints the log. It is unset by default, hence logs contain the
scrapy component responsible for that log output.
Scrapy component responsible for that log output.
Command-line options
--------------------

11
docs/topics/media-pipeline.rst
View File

@ -97,7 +97,6 @@ For Files Pipeline, use::
ITEM_PIPELINES = {'scrapy.pipelines.files.FilesPipeline': 1}
.. note::
You can also use both the Files and Images Pipeline at the same time.
@ -558,7 +557,7 @@ See here the methods that you can override in your custom Images Pipeline:
Custom Images pipeline example
==============================
Here is a full example of the Images Pipeline whose methods are examplified
Here is a full example of the Images Pipeline whose methods are exemplified
above::
import scrapy
@ -578,4 +577,12 @@ above::
item['image_paths'] = image_paths
return item
To enable your custom media pipeline component you must add its class import path to the
:setting:`ITEM_PIPELINES` setting, like in the following example::
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'myproject.pipelines.MyImagesPipeline': 300
}
.. _MD5 hash: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5

565
docs/topics/selectors.rst
View File

@ -51,18 +51,18 @@ Constructing selectors
.. highlight:: python
Response objects expose a :class:`~scrapy.selector.Selector` instance
on ``.selector`` attribute::
on ``.selector`` attribute:
>>> response.selector.xpath('//span/text()').get()
'good'
>>> response.selector.xpath('//span/text()').get()
'good'
Querying responses using XPath and CSS is so common that responses include two
more shortcuts: ``response.xpath()`` and ``response.css()``::
more shortcuts: ``response.xpath()`` and ``response.css()``:
>>> response.xpath('//span/text()').get()
'good'
>>> response.css('span::text').get()
'good'
>>> response.xpath('//span/text()').get()
'good'
>>> response.css('span::text').get()
'good'
Scrapy selectors are instances of :class:`~scrapy.selector.Selector` class
constructed by passing either :class:`~scrapy.http.TextResponse` object or
@ -74,21 +74,21 @@ shortcuts. By using ``response.selector`` or one of these shortcuts
you can also ensure the response body is parsed only once.
But if required, it is possible to use ``Selector`` directly.
Constructing from text::
Constructing from text:
>>> from scrapy.selector import Selector
>>> body = '<html><body><span>good</span></body></html>'
>>> Selector(text=body).xpath('//span/text()').get()
'good'
>>> from scrapy.selector import Selector
>>> body = '<html><body><span>good</span></body></html>'
>>> Selector(text=body).xpath('//span/text()').get()
'good'
Constructing from response - :class:`~scrapy.http.HtmlResponse` is one of
:class:`~scrapy.http.TextResponse` subclasses::
:class:`~scrapy.http.TextResponse` subclasses:
>>> from scrapy.selector import Selector
>>> from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse
>>> response = HtmlResponse(url='http://example.com', body=body)
>>> Selector(response=response).xpath('//span/text()').get()
'good'
>>> from scrapy.selector import Selector
>>> from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse
>>> response = HtmlResponse(url='http://example.com', body=body)
>>> Selector(response=response).xpath('//span/text()').get()
'good'
``Selector`` automatically chooses the best parsing rules
(XML vs HTML) based on input type.
@ -123,118 +123,118 @@ Since we're dealing with HTML, the selector will automatically use an HTML parse
.. highlight:: python
So, by looking at the :ref:`HTML code <topics-selectors-htmlcode>` of that
page, let's construct an XPath for selecting the text inside the title tag::
page, let's construct an XPath for selecting the text inside the title tag:
>>> response.xpath('//title/text()')
[<Selector xpath='//title/text()' data='Example website'>]
>>> response.xpath('//title/text()')
[<Selector xpath='//title/text()' data='Example website'>]
To actually extract the textual data, you must call the selector ``.get()``
or ``.getall()`` methods, as follows::
or ``.getall()`` methods, as follows:
>>> response.xpath('//title/text()').getall()
['Example website']
>>> response.xpath('//title/text()').get()
'Example website'
>>> response.xpath('//title/text()').getall()
['Example website']
>>> response.xpath('//title/text()').get()
'Example website'
``.get()`` always returns a single result; if there are several matches,
content of a first match is returned; if there are no matches, None
is returned. ``.getall()`` returns a list with all results.
Notice that CSS selectors can select text or attribute nodes using CSS3
pseudo-elements::
pseudo-elements:
>>> response.css('title::text').get()
'Example website'
>>> response.css('title::text').get()
'Example website'
As you can see, ``.xpath()`` and ``.css()`` methods return a
:class:`~scrapy.selector.SelectorList` instance, which is a list of new
selectors. This API can be used for quickly selecting nested data::
selectors. This API can be used for quickly selecting nested data:
>>> response.css('img').xpath('@src').getall()
['image1_thumb.jpg',
'image2_thumb.jpg',
'image3_thumb.jpg',
'image4_thumb.jpg',
'image5_thumb.jpg']
>>> response.css('img').xpath('@src').getall()
['image1_thumb.jpg',
'image2_thumb.jpg',
'image3_thumb.jpg',
'image4_thumb.jpg',
'image5_thumb.jpg']
If you want to extract only the first matched element, you can call the
selector ``.get()`` (or its alias ``.extract_first()`` commonly used in
previous Scrapy versions)::
previous Scrapy versions):
>>> response.xpath('//div[@id="images"]/a/text()').get()
'Name: My image 1 '
>>> response.xpath('//div[@id="images"]/a/text()').get()
'Name: My image 1 '
It returns ``None`` if no element was found::
It returns ``None`` if no element was found:
>>> response.xpath('//div[@id="not-exists"]/text()').get() is None
True
>>> response.xpath('//div[@id="not-exists"]/text()').get() is None
True
A default return value can be provided as an argument, to be used instead
of ``None``:
>>> response.xpath('//div[@id="not-exists"]/text()').get(default='not-found')
'not-found'
>>> response.xpath('//div[@id="not-exists"]/text()').get(default='not-found')
'not-found'
Instead of using e.g. ``'@src'`` XPath it is possible to query for attributes
using ``.attrib`` property of a :class:`~scrapy.selector.Selector`::
using ``.attrib`` property of a :class:`~scrapy.selector.Selector`:
>>> [img.attrib['src'] for img in response.css('img')]
['image1_thumb.jpg',
'image2_thumb.jpg',
'image3_thumb.jpg',
'image4_thumb.jpg',
'image5_thumb.jpg']
>>> [img.attrib['src'] for img in response.css('img')]
['image1_thumb.jpg',
'image2_thumb.jpg',
'image3_thumb.jpg',
'image4_thumb.jpg',
'image5_thumb.jpg']
As a shortcut, ``.attrib`` is also available on SelectorList directly;
it returns attributes for the first matching element::
it returns attributes for the first matching element:
>>> response.css('img').attrib['src']
'image1_thumb.jpg'
>>> response.css('img').attrib['src']
'image1_thumb.jpg'
This is most useful when only a single result is expected, e.g. when selecting
by id, or selecting unique elements on a web page::
by id, or selecting unique elements on a web page:
>>> response.css('base').attrib['href']
'http://example.com/'
>>> response.css('base').attrib['href']
'http://example.com/'
Now we're going to get the base URL and some image links::
Now we're going to get the base URL and some image links:
>>> response.xpath('//base/@href').get()
'http://example.com/'
>>> response.xpath('//base/@href').get()
'http://example.com/'
>>> response.css('base::attr(href)').get()
'http://example.com/'
>>> response.css('base::attr(href)').get()
'http://example.com/'
>>> response.css('base').attrib['href']
'http://example.com/'
>>> response.css('base').attrib['href']
'http://example.com/'
>>> response.xpath('//a[contains(@href, "image")]/@href').getall()
['image1.html',
'image2.html',
'image3.html',
'image4.html',
'image5.html']
>>> response.xpath('//a[contains(@href, "image")]/@href').getall()
['image1.html',
'image2.html',
'image3.html',
'image4.html',
'image5.html']
>>> response.css('a[href*=image]::attr(href)').getall()
['image1.html',
'image2.html',
'image3.html',
'image4.html',
'image5.html']
>>> response.css('a[href*=image]::attr(href)').getall()
['image1.html',
'image2.html',
'image3.html',
'image4.html',
'image5.html']
>>> response.xpath('//a[contains(@href, "image")]/img/@src').getall()
['image1_thumb.jpg',
'image2_thumb.jpg',
'image3_thumb.jpg',
'image4_thumb.jpg',
'image5_thumb.jpg']
>>> response.xpath('//a[contains(@href, "image")]/img/@src').getall()
['image1_thumb.jpg',
'image2_thumb.jpg',
'image3_thumb.jpg',
'image4_thumb.jpg',
'image5_thumb.jpg']
>>> response.css('a[href*=image] img::attr(src)').getall()
['image1_thumb.jpg',
'image2_thumb.jpg',
'image3_thumb.jpg',
'image4_thumb.jpg',
'image5_thumb.jpg']
>>> response.css('a[href*=image] img::attr(src)').getall()
['image1_thumb.jpg',
'image2_thumb.jpg',
'image3_thumb.jpg',
'image4_thumb.jpg',
'image5_thumb.jpg']
.. _topics-selectors-css-extensions:
@ -259,47 +259,47 @@ that Scrapy (parsel) implements a couple of **non-standard pseudo-elements**:
Examples:
* ``title::text`` selects children text nodes of a descendant ``<title>`` element::
* ``title::text`` selects children text nodes of a descendant ``<title>`` element:
>>> response.css('title::text').get()
'Example website'
>>> response.css('title::text').get()
'Example website'
* ``*::text`` selects all descendant text nodes of the current selector context::
* ``*::text`` selects all descendant text nodes of the current selector context:
>>> response.css('#images *::text').getall()
['\n ',
'Name: My image 1 ',
'\n ',
'Name: My image 2 ',
'\n ',
'Name: My image 3 ',
'\n ',
'Name: My image 4 ',
'\n ',
'Name: My image 5 ',
'\n ']
>>> response.css('#images *::text').getall()
['\n ',
'Name: My image 1 ',
'\n ',
'Name: My image 2 ',
'\n ',
'Name: My image 3 ',
'\n ',
'Name: My image 4 ',
'\n ',
'Name: My image 5 ',
'\n ']
* ``foo::text`` returns no results if ``foo`` element exists, but contains
no text (i.e. text is empty)::
no text (i.e. text is empty):
>>> response.css('img::text').getall()
[]
>>> response.css('img::text').getall()
[]
This means ``.css('foo::text').get()`` could return None even if an element
exists. Use ``default=''`` if you always want a string::
exists. Use ``default=''`` if you always want a string:
>>> response.css('img::text').get()
>>> response.css('img::text').get(default='')
''
>>> response.css('img::text').get()
>>> response.css('img::text').get(default='')
''
* ``a::attr(href)`` selects the *href* attribute value of descendant links::
* ``a::attr(href)`` selects the *href* attribute value of descendant links:
>>> response.css('a::attr(href)').getall()
['image1.html',
'image2.html',
'image3.html',
'image4.html',
'image5.html']
>>> response.css('a::attr(href)').getall()
['image1.html',
'image2.html',
'image3.html',
'image4.html',
'image5.html']
.. note::
See also: :ref:`selecting-attributes`.
@ -318,25 +318,24 @@ Nesting selectors
The selection methods (``.xpath()`` or ``.css()``) return a list of selectors
of the same type, so you can call the selection methods for those selectors
too. Here's an example::
too. Here's an example:
>>> links = response.xpath('//a[contains(@href, "image")]')
>>> links.getall()
['<a href="image1.html">Name: My image 1 <br><img src="image1_thumb.jpg"></a>',
'<a href="image2.html">Name: My image 2 <br><img src="image2_thumb.jpg"></a>',
'<a href="image3.html">Name: My image 3 <br><img src="image3_thumb.jpg"></a>',
'<a href="image4.html">Name: My image 4 <br><img src="image4_thumb.jpg"></a>',
'<a href="image5.html">Name: My image 5 <br><img src="image5_thumb.jpg"></a>']
>>> links = response.xpath('//a[contains(@href, "image")]')
>>> links.getall()
['<a href="image1.html">Name: My image 1 <br><img src="image1_thumb.jpg"></a>',
'<a href="image2.html">Name: My image 2 <br><img src="image2_thumb.jpg"></a>',
'<a href="image3.html">Name: My image 3 <br><img src="image3_thumb.jpg"></a>',
'<a href="image4.html">Name: My image 4 <br><img src="image4_thumb.jpg"></a>',
'<a href="image5.html">Name: My image 5 <br><img src="image5_thumb.jpg"></a>']
>>> for index, link in enumerate(links):
... args = (index, link.xpath('@href').get(), link.xpath('img/@src').get())
... print('Link number %d points to url %r and image %r' % args)
Link number 0 points to url 'image1.html' and image 'image1_thumb.jpg'
Link number 1 points to url 'image2.html' and image 'image2_thumb.jpg'
Link number 2 points to url 'image3.html' and image 'image3_thumb.jpg'
Link number 3 points to url 'image4.html' and image 'image4_thumb.jpg'
Link number 4 points to url 'image5.html' and image 'image5_thumb.jpg'
>>> for index, link in enumerate(links):
... args = (index, link.xpath('@href').get(), link.xpath('img/@src').get())
... print('Link number %d points to url %r and image %r' % args)
Link number 0 points to url 'image1.html' and image 'image1_thumb.jpg'
Link number 1 points to url 'image2.html' and image 'image2_thumb.jpg'
Link number 2 points to url 'image3.html' and image 'image3_thumb.jpg'
Link number 3 points to url 'image4.html' and image 'image4_thumb.jpg'
Link number 4 points to url 'image5.html' and image 'image5_thumb.jpg'
.. _selecting-attributes:
@ -344,42 +343,42 @@ Selecting element attributes
----------------------------
There are several ways to get a value of an attribute. First, one can use
XPath syntax::
XPath syntax:
>>> response.xpath("//a/@href").getall()
['image1.html', 'image2.html', 'image3.html', 'image4.html', 'image5.html']
>>> response.xpath("//a/@href").getall()
['image1.html', 'image2.html', 'image3.html', 'image4.html', 'image5.html']
XPath syntax has a few advantages: it is a standard XPath feature, and
``@attributes`` can be used in other parts of an XPath expression - e.g.
it is possible to filter by attribute value.
Scrapy also provides an extension to CSS selectors (``::attr(...)``)
which allows to get attribute values::
which allows to get attribute values:
>>> response.css('a::attr(href)').getall()
['image1.html', 'image2.html', 'image3.html', 'image4.html', 'image5.html']
>>> response.css('a::attr(href)').getall()
['image1.html', 'image2.html', 'image3.html', 'image4.html', 'image5.html']
In addition to that, there is a ``.attrib`` property of Selector.
You can use it if you prefer to lookup attributes in Python
code, without using XPaths or CSS extensions::
code, without using XPaths or CSS extensions:
>>> [a.attrib['href'] for a in response.css('a')]
['image1.html', 'image2.html', 'image3.html', 'image4.html', 'image5.html']
>>> [a.attrib['href'] for a in response.css('a')]
['image1.html', 'image2.html', 'image3.html', 'image4.html', 'image5.html']
This property is also available on SelectorList; it returns a dictionary
with attributes of a first matching element. It is convenient to use when
a selector is expected to give a single result (e.g. when selecting by element
ID, or when selecting an unique element on a page)::
ID, or when selecting an unique element on a page):
>>> response.css('base').attrib
{'href': 'http://example.com/'}
>>> response.css('base').attrib['href']
'http://example.com/'
>>> response.css('base').attrib
{'href': 'http://example.com/'}
>>> response.css('base').attrib['href']
'http://example.com/'
``.attrib`` property of an empty SelectorList is empty::
``.attrib`` property of an empty SelectorList is empty:
>>> response.css('foo').attrib
{}
>>> response.css('foo').attrib
{}
Using selectors with regular expressions
----------------------------------------
@ -390,21 +389,21 @@ data using regular expressions. However, unlike using ``.xpath()`` or
can't construct nested ``.re()`` calls.
Here's an example used to extract image names from the :ref:`HTML code
<topics-selectors-htmlcode>` above::
<topics-selectors-htmlcode>` above:
>>> response.xpath('//a[contains(@href, "image")]/text()').re(r'Name:\s*(.*)')
['My image 1',
'My image 2',
'My image 3',
'My image 4',
'My image 5']
>>> response.xpath('//a[contains(@href, "image")]/text()').re(r'Name:\s*(.*)')
['My image 1',
'My image 2',
'My image 3',
'My image 4',
'My image 5']
There's an additional helper reciprocating ``.get()`` (and its
alias ``.extract_first()``) for ``.re()``, named ``.re_first()``.
Use it to extract just the first matching string::
Use it to extract just the first matching string:
>>> response.xpath('//a[contains(@href, "image")]/text()').re_first(r'Name:\s*(.*)')
'My image 1'
>>> response.xpath('//a[contains(@href, "image")]/text()').re_first(r'Name:\s*(.*)')
'My image 1'
.. _old-extraction-api:
@ -422,28 +421,28 @@ and readable code.
The following examples show how these methods map to each other.
1. ``SelectorList.get()`` is the same as ``SelectorList.extract_first()``::
1. ``SelectorList.get()`` is the same as ``SelectorList.extract_first()``:
>>> response.css('a::attr(href)').get()
'image1.html'
>>> response.css('a::attr(href)').extract_first()
'image1.html'
>>> response.css('a::attr(href)').get()
'image1.html'
>>> response.css('a::attr(href)').extract_first()
'image1.html'
2. ``SelectorList.getall()`` is the same as ``SelectorList.extract()``::
2. ``SelectorList.getall()`` is the same as ``SelectorList.extract()``:
>>> response.css('a::attr(href)').getall()
['image1.html', 'image2.html', 'image3.html', 'image4.html', 'image5.html']
>>> response.css('a::attr(href)').extract()
['image1.html', 'image2.html', 'image3.html', 'image4.html', 'image5.html']
>>> response.css('a::attr(href)').getall()
['image1.html', 'image2.html', 'image3.html', 'image4.html', 'image5.html']
>>> response.css('a::attr(href)').extract()
['image1.html', 'image2.html', 'image3.html', 'image4.html', 'image5.html']
3. ``Selector.get()`` is the same as ``Selector.extract()``::
3. ``Selector.get()`` is the same as ``Selector.extract()``:
>>> response.css('a::attr(href)')[0].get()
'image1.html'
>>> response.css('a::attr(href)')[0].extract()
'image1.html'
>>> response.css('a::attr(href)')[0].get()
'image1.html'
>>> response.css('a::attr(href)')[0].extract()
'image1.html'
4. For consistency, there is also ``Selector.getall()``, which returns a list::
4. For consistency, there is also ``Selector.getall()``, which returns a list:
>>> response.css('a::attr(href)')[0].getall()
['image1.html']
@ -481,26 +480,26 @@ with ``/``, that XPath will be absolute to the document and not relative to the
``Selector`` you're calling it from.
For example, suppose you want to extract all ``<p>`` elements inside ``<div>``
elements. First, you would get all ``<div>`` elements::
elements. First, you would get all ``<div>`` elements:
>>> divs = response.xpath('//div')
>>> divs = response.xpath('//div')
At first, you may be tempted to use the following approach, which is wrong, as
it actually extracts all ``<p>`` elements from the document, not only those
inside ``<div>`` elements::
inside ``<div>`` elements:
>>> for p in divs.xpath('//p'): # this is wrong - gets all <p> from the whole document
... print(p.get())
>>> for p in divs.xpath('//p'): # this is wrong - gets all <p> from the whole document
... print(p.get())
This is the proper way to do it (note the dot prefixing the ``.//p`` XPath)::
This is the proper way to do it (note the dot prefixing the ``.//p`` XPath):
>>> for p in divs.xpath('.//p'): # extracts all <p> inside
... print(p.get())
>>> for p in divs.xpath('.//p'): # extracts all <p> inside
... print(p.get())
Another common case would be to extract all direct ``<p>`` children::
Another common case would be to extract all direct ``<p>`` children:
>>> for p in divs.xpath('p'):
... print(p.get())
>>> for p in divs.xpath('p'):
... print(p.get())
For more details about relative XPaths see the `Location Paths`_ section in the
XPath specification.
@ -521,12 +520,12 @@ for that you may end up with more elements that you want, if they have a differe
class name that shares the string ``someclass``.
As it turns out, Scrapy selectors allow you to chain selectors, so most of the time
you can just select by class using CSS and then switch to XPath when needed::
you can just select by class using CSS and then switch to XPath when needed:
>>> from scrapy import Selector
>>> sel = Selector(text='<div class="hero shout"><time datetime="2014-07-23 19:00">Special date</time></div>')
>>> sel.css('.shout').xpath('./time/@datetime').getall()
['2014-07-23 19:00']
>>> from scrapy import Selector
>>> sel = Selector(text='<div class="hero shout"><time datetime="2014-07-23 19:00">Special date</time></div>')
>>> sel.css('.shout').xpath('./time/@datetime').getall()
['2014-07-23 19:00']
This is cleaner than using the verbose XPath trick shown above. Just remember
to use the ``.`` in the XPath expressions that will follow.
@ -538,41 +537,41 @@ Beware of the difference between //node[1] and (//node)[1]
``(//node)[1]`` selects all the nodes in the document, and then gets only the first of them.
Example::
Example:
>>> from scrapy import Selector
>>> sel = Selector(text="""
....: <ul class="list">
....: <li>1</li>
....: <li>2</li>
....: <li>3</li>
....: </ul>
....: <ul class="list">
....: <li>4</li>
....: <li>5</li>
....: <li>6</li>
....: </ul>""")
>>> xp = lambda x: sel.xpath(x).getall()
>>> from scrapy import Selector
>>> sel = Selector(text="""
....: <ul class="list">
....: <li>1</li>
....: <li>2</li>
....: <li>3</li>
....: </ul>
....: <ul class="list">
....: <li>4</li>
....: <li>5</li>
....: <li>6</li>
....: </ul>""")
>>> xp = lambda x: sel.xpath(x).getall()
This gets all first ``<li>`` elements under whatever it is its parent::
This gets all first ``<li>`` elements under whatever it is its parent:
>>> xp("//li[1]")
['<li>1</li>', '<li>4</li>']
>>> xp("//li[1]")
['<li>1</li>', '<li>4</li>']
And this gets the first ``<li>`` element in the whole document::
And this gets the first ``<li>`` element in the whole document:
>>> xp("(//li)[1]")
['<li>1</li>']
>>> xp("(//li)[1]")
['<li>1</li>']
This gets all first ``<li>`` elements under an ``<ul>`` parent::
This gets all first ``<li>`` elements under an ``<ul>`` parent:
>>> xp("//ul/li[1]")
['<li>1</li>', '<li>4</li>']
>>> xp("//ul/li[1]")
['<li>1</li>', '<li>4</li>']
And this gets the first ``<li>`` element under an ``<ul>`` parent in the whole document::
And this gets the first ``<li>`` element under an ``<ul>`` parent in the whole document:
>>> xp("(//ul/li)[1]")
['<li>1</li>']
>>> xp("(//ul/li)[1]")
['<li>1</li>']
Using text nodes in a condition
-------------------------------
@ -584,34 +583,34 @@ This is because the expression ``.//text()`` yields a collection of text element
And when a node-set is converted to a string, which happens when it is passed as argument to
a string function like ``contains()`` or ``starts-with()``, it results in the text for the first element only.
Example::
Example:
>>> from scrapy import Selector
>>> sel = Selector(text='<a href="#">Click here to go to the <strong>Next Page</strong></a>')
>>> from scrapy import Selector
>>> sel = Selector(text='<a href="#">Click here to go to the <strong>Next Page</strong></a>')
Converting a *node-set* to string::
Converting a *node-set* to string:
>>> sel.xpath('//a//text()').getall() # take a peek at the node-set
['Click here to go to the ', 'Next Page']
>>> sel.xpath("string(//a[1]//text())").getall() # convert it to string
['Click here to go to the ']
>>> sel.xpath('//a//text()').getall() # take a peek at the node-set
['Click here to go to the ', 'Next Page']
>>> sel.xpath("string(//a[1]//text())").getall() # convert it to string
['Click here to go to the ']
A *node* converted to a string, however, puts together the text of itself plus of all its descendants::
A *node* converted to a string, however, puts together the text of itself plus of all its descendants:
>>> sel.xpath("//a[1]").getall() # select the first node
['<a href="#">Click here to go to the <strong>Next Page</strong></a>']
>>> sel.xpath("string(//a[1])").getall() # convert it to string
['Click here to go to the Next Page']
>>> sel.xpath("//a[1]").getall() # select the first node
['<a href="#">Click here to go to the <strong>Next Page</strong></a>']
>>> sel.xpath("string(//a[1])").getall() # convert it to string
['Click here to go to the Next Page']
So, using the ``.//text()`` node-set won't select anything in this case::
So, using the ``.//text()`` node-set won't select anything in this case:
>>> sel.xpath("//a[contains(.//text(), 'Next Page')]").getall()
[]
>>> sel.xpath("//a[contains(.//text(), 'Next Page')]").getall()
[]
But using the ``.`` to mean the node, works::
But using the ``.`` to mean the node, works:
>>> sel.xpath("//a[contains(., 'Next Page')]").getall()
['<a href="#">Click here to go to the <strong>Next Page</strong></a>']
>>> sel.xpath("//a[contains(., 'Next Page')]").getall()
['<a href="#">Click here to go to the <strong>Next Page</strong></a>']
.. _`XPath string function`: https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath/#section-String-Functions
@ -627,17 +626,17 @@ some arguments in your queries with placeholders like ``?``,
which are then substituted with values passed with the query.
Here's an example to match an element based on its "id" attribute value,
without hard-coding it (that was shown previously)::
without hard-coding it (that was shown previously):
>>> # `$val` used in the expression, a `val` argument needs to be passed
>>> response.xpath('//div[@id=$val]/a/text()', val='images').get()
'Name: My image 1 '
>>> # `$val` used in the expression, a `val` argument needs to be passed
>>> response.xpath('//div[@id=$val]/a/text()', val='images').get()
'Name: My image 1 '
Here's another example, to find the "id" attribute of a ``<div>`` tag containing
five ``<a>`` children (here we pass the value ``5`` as an integer)::
five ``<a>`` children (here we pass the value ``5`` as an integer):
>>> response.xpath('//div[count(a)=$cnt]/@id', cnt=5).get()
'images'
>>> response.xpath('//div[count(a)=$cnt]/@id', cnt=5).get()
'images'
All variable references must have a binding value when calling ``.xpath()``
(otherwise you'll get a ``ValueError: XPath error:`` exception).
@ -687,19 +686,19 @@ You can see several namespace declarations including a default
.. highlight:: python
Once in the shell we can try selecting all ``<link>`` objects and see that it
doesn't work (because the Atom XML namespace is obfuscating those nodes)::
doesn't work (because the Atom XML namespace is obfuscating those nodes):
>>> response.xpath("//link")
[]
>>> response.xpath("//link")
[]
But once we call the :meth:`Selector.remove_namespaces` method, all
nodes can be accessed directly by their names::
nodes can be accessed directly by their names:
>>> response.selector.remove_namespaces()
>>> response.xpath("//link")
[<Selector xpath='//link' data='<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" h'>,
<Selector xpath='//link' data='<link rel="next" type="application/atom+'>,
...
>>> response.selector.remove_namespaces()
>>> response.xpath("//link")
[<Selector xpath='//link' data='<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" h'>,
<Selector xpath='//link' data='<link rel="next" type="application/atom+'>,
...
If you wonder why the namespace removal procedure isn't always called by default
instead of having to call it manually, this is because of two reasons, which, in order
@ -734,26 +733,25 @@ Regular expressions
The ``test()`` function, for example, can prove quite useful when XPath's
``starts-with()`` or ``contains()`` are not sufficient.
Example selecting links in list item with a "class" attribute ending with a digit::
Example selecting links in list item with a "class" attribute ending with a digit:
>>> from scrapy import Selector
>>> doc = u"""
... <div>
... <ul>
... <li class="item-0"><a href="link1.html">first item</a></li>
... <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
... <li class="item-inactive"><a href="link3.html">third item</a></li>
... <li class="item-1"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
... <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
... </ul>
... </div>
... """
>>> sel = Selector(text=doc, type="html")
>>> sel.xpath('//li//@href').getall()
['link1.html', 'link2.html', 'link3.html', 'link4.html', 'link5.html']
>>> sel.xpath('//li[re:test(@class, "item-\d$")]//@href').getall()
['link1.html', 'link2.html', 'link4.html', 'link5.html']
>>>
>>> from scrapy import Selector
>>> doc = u"""
... <div>
... <ul>
... <li class="item-0"><a href="link1.html">first item</a></li>
... <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
... <li class="item-inactive"><a href="link3.html">third item</a></li>
... <li class="item-1"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
... <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
... </ul>
... </div>
... """
>>> sel = Selector(text=doc, type="html")
>>> sel.xpath('//li//@href').getall()
['link1.html', 'link2.html', 'link3.html', 'link4.html', 'link5.html']
>>> sel.xpath('//li[re:test(@class, "item-\d$")]//@href').getall()
['link1.html', 'link2.html', 'link4.html', 'link5.html']
.. warning:: C library ``libxslt`` doesn't natively support EXSLT regular
expressions so `lxml`_'s implementation uses hooks to Python's ``re`` module.
@ -849,7 +847,6 @@ with groups of itemscopes and corresponding itemprops::
current scope: ['http://schema.org/Rating']
properties: ['worstRating', 'ratingValue', 'bestRating']
>>>
Here we first iterate over ``itemscope`` elements, and for each one,
we look for all ``itemprops`` elements and exclude those that are themselves
@ -877,15 +874,15 @@ For the following HTML::
.. highlight:: python
You can use it like this::
You can use it like this:
>>> response.xpath('//p[has-class("foo")]')
[<Selector xpath='//p[has-class("foo")]' data='<p class="foo bar-baz">First</p>'>,
<Selector xpath='//p[has-class("foo")]' data='<p class="foo">Second</p>'>]
>>> response.xpath('//p[has-class("foo", "bar-baz")]')
[<Selector xpath='//p[has-class("foo", "bar-baz")]' data='<p class="foo bar-baz">First</p>'>]
>>> response.xpath('//p[has-class("foo", "bar")]')
[]
>>> response.xpath('//p[has-class("foo")]')
[<Selector xpath='//p[has-class("foo")]' data='<p class="foo bar-baz">First</p>'>,
<Selector xpath='//p[has-class("foo")]' data='<p class="foo">Second</p>'>]
>>> response.xpath('//p[has-class("foo", "bar-baz")]')
[<Selector xpath='//p[has-class("foo", "bar-baz")]' data='<p class="foo bar-baz">First</p>'>]
>>> response.xpath('//p[has-class("foo", "bar")]')
[]
So XPath ``//p[has-class("foo", "bar-baz")]`` is roughly equivalent to CSS
``p.foo.bar-baz``. Please note, that it is slower in most of the cases,

27
docs/topics/settings.rst
View File

@ -160,6 +160,27 @@ to any particular component. In that case the module of that component will be
shown, typically an extension, middleware or pipeline. It also means that the
component must be enabled in order for the setting to have any effect.
.. setting:: ASYNCIO_REACTOR
ASYNCIO_REACTOR
---------------
Default: ``False``
Whether to install and require the Twisted reactor that uses the asyncio loop.
When this option is set to ``True``, Scrapy will require
:class:`~twisted.internet.asyncioreactor.AsyncioSelectorReactor`. It will
install this reactor if no reactor is installed yet, such as when using the
``scrapy`` script or :class:`~scrapy.crawler.CrawlerProcess`. If you are using
:class:`~scrapy.crawler.CrawlerRunner`, you need to install the correct reactor
manually. If a different reactor is installed outside Scrapy, it will raise an
exception.
The default value for this option is currently ``False`` to maintain backward
compatibility and avoid possible problems caused by using a different Twisted
reactor.
.. setting:: AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
@ -884,7 +905,7 @@ LOG_FORMAT
Default: ``'%(asctime)s [%(name)s] %(levelname)s: %(message)s'``
String for formatting log messsages. Refer to the `Python logging documentation`_ for the whole list of available
String for formatting log messages. Refer to the `Python logging documentation`_ for the whole list of available
placeholders.
.. _Python logging documentation: https://docs.python.org/2/library/logging.html#logrecord-attributes
@ -1264,7 +1285,7 @@ Default::
'scrapy.contracts.default.ScrapesContract': 3,
}
A dict containing the scrapy contracts enabled by default in Scrapy. You should
A dict containing the Scrapy contracts enabled by default in Scrapy. You should
never modify this setting in your project, modify :setting:`SPIDER_CONTRACTS`
instead. For more info see :ref:`topics-contracts`.
@ -1295,7 +1316,7 @@ SPIDER_LOADER_WARN_ONLY
Default: ``False``
By default, when scrapy tries to import spider classes from :setting:`SPIDER_MODULES`,
By default, when Scrapy tries to import spider classes from :setting:`SPIDER_MODULES`,
it will fail loudly if there is any ``ImportError`` exception.
But you can choose to silence this exception and turn it into a simple
warning by setting ``SPIDER_LOADER_WARN_ONLY = True``.

79
docs/topics/shell.rst
View File

@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ for more info.
Scrapy also has support for `bpython`_, and will try to use it where `IPython`_
is unavailable.
Through scrapy's settings you can configure it to use any one of
Through Scrapy's settings you can configure it to use any one of
``ipython``, ``bpython`` or the standard ``python`` shell, regardless of which
are installed. This is done by setting the ``SCRAPY_PYTHON_SHELL`` environment
variable; or by defining it in your :ref:`scrapy.cfg <topics-config-settings>`::
@ -177,47 +177,46 @@ all start with the ``[s]`` prefix)::
>>>
After that, we can start playing with the objects::
After that, we can start playing with the objects:
>>> response.xpath('//title/text()').get()
'Scrapy | A Fast and Powerful Scraping and Web Crawling Framework'
>>> response.xpath('//title/text()').get()
'Scrapy | A Fast and Powerful Scraping and Web Crawling Framework'
>>> fetch("https://reddit.com")
>>> fetch("https://reddit.com")
>>> response.xpath('//title/text()').get()
'reddit: the front page of the internet'
>>> response.xpath('//title/text()').get()
'reddit: the front page of the internet'
>>> request = request.replace(method="POST")
>>> request = request.replace(method="POST")
>>> fetch(request)
>>> fetch(request)
>>> response.status
404
>>> response.status
404
>>> from pprint import pprint
>>> from pprint import pprint
>>> pprint(response.headers)
{'Accept-Ranges': ['bytes'],
'Cache-Control': ['max-age=0, must-revalidate'],
'Content-Type': ['text/html; charset=UTF-8'],
'Date': ['Thu, 08 Dec 2016 16:21:19 GMT'],
'Server': ['snooserv'],
'Set-Cookie': ['loid=KqNLou0V9SKMX4qb4n; Domain=reddit.com; Max-Age=63071999; Path=/; expires=Sat, 08-Dec-2018 16:21:19 GMT; secure',
'loidcreated=2016-12-08T16%3A21%3A19.445Z; Domain=reddit.com; Max-Age=63071999; Path=/; expires=Sat, 08-Dec-2018 16:21:19 GMT; secure',
'loid=vi0ZVe4NkxNWdlH7r7; Domain=reddit.com; Max-Age=63071999; Path=/; expires=Sat, 08-Dec-2018 16:21:19 GMT; secure',
'loidcreated=2016-12-08T16%3A21%3A19.459Z; Domain=reddit.com; Max-Age=63071999; Path=/; expires=Sat, 08-Dec-2018 16:21:19 GMT; secure'],
'Vary': ['accept-encoding'],
'Via': ['1.1 varnish'],
'X-Cache': ['MISS'],
'X-Cache-Hits': ['0'],
'X-Content-Type-Options': ['nosniff'],
'X-Frame-Options': ['SAMEORIGIN'],
'X-Moose': ['majestic'],
'X-Served-By': ['cache-cdg8730-CDG'],
'X-Timer': ['S1481214079.394283,VS0,VE159'],
'X-Ua-Compatible': ['IE=edge'],
'X-Xss-Protection': ['1; mode=block']}
>>>
>>> pprint(response.headers)
{'Accept-Ranges': ['bytes'],
'Cache-Control': ['max-age=0, must-revalidate'],
'Content-Type': ['text/html; charset=UTF-8'],
'Date': ['Thu, 08 Dec 2016 16:21:19 GMT'],
'Server': ['snooserv'],
'Set-Cookie': ['loid=KqNLou0V9SKMX4qb4n; Domain=reddit.com; Max-Age=63071999; Path=/; expires=Sat, 08-Dec-2018 16:21:19 GMT; secure',
'loidcreated=2016-12-08T16%3A21%3A19.445Z; Domain=reddit.com; Max-Age=63071999; Path=/; expires=Sat, 08-Dec-2018 16:21:19 GMT; secure',
'loid=vi0ZVe4NkxNWdlH7r7; Domain=reddit.com; Max-Age=63071999; Path=/; expires=Sat, 08-Dec-2018 16:21:19 GMT; secure',
'loidcreated=2016-12-08T16%3A21%3A19.459Z; Domain=reddit.com; Max-Age=63071999; Path=/; expires=Sat, 08-Dec-2018 16:21:19 GMT; secure'],
'Vary': ['accept-encoding'],
'Via': ['1.1 varnish'],
'X-Cache': ['MISS'],
'X-Cache-Hits': ['0'],
'X-Content-Type-Options': ['nosniff'],
'X-Frame-Options': ['SAMEORIGIN'],
'X-Moose': ['majestic'],
'X-Served-By': ['cache-cdg8730-CDG'],
'X-Timer': ['S1481214079.394283,VS0,VE159'],
'X-Ua-Compatible': ['IE=edge'],
'X-Xss-Protection': ['1; mode=block']}
.. _topics-shell-inspect-response:
@ -263,16 +262,16 @@ When you run the spider, you will get something similar to this::
>>> response.url
'http://example.org'
Then, you can check if the extraction code is working::
Then, you can check if the extraction code is working:
>>> response.xpath('//h1[@class="fn"]')
[]
>>> response.xpath('//h1[@class="fn"]')
[]
Nope, it doesn't. So you can open the response in your web browser and see if
it's the response you were expecting::
it's the response you were expecting:
>>> view(response)
True
>>> view(response)
True
Finally you hit Ctrl-D (or Ctrl-Z in Windows) to exit the shell and resume the
crawling::

6
docs/topics/spiders.rst
View File

@ -414,6 +414,12 @@ Crawling rules
from which the request originated as second argument. It must return a
``Request`` object or ``None`` (to filter out the request).
``errback`` is a callable or a string (in which case a method from the spider
object with that name will be used) to be called if any exception is
raised while processing a request generated by the rule.
It receives a :class:`Twisted Failure <twisted.python.failure.Failure>`
instance as first parameter.
CrawlSpider example
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

12
docs/topics/stats.rst
View File

@ -57,15 +57,15 @@ Set stat value only if lower than previous::
stats.min_value('min_free_memory_percent', value)
Get stat value::
Get stat value:
>>> stats.get_value('custom_count')
1
>>> stats.get_value('custom_count')
1
Get all stats::
Get all stats:
>>> stats.get_stats()
{'custom_count': 1, 'start_time': datetime.datetime(2009, 7, 14, 21, 47, 28, 977139)}
>>> stats.get_stats()
{'custom_count': 1, 'start_time': datetime.datetime(2009, 7, 14, 21, 47, 28, 977139)}
Available Stats Collectors
==========================

4
docs/topics/telnetconsole.rst
View File

@ -44,11 +44,11 @@ the console you need to type::
>>>
By default Username is ``scrapy`` and Password is autogenerated. The
autogenerated Password can be seen on scrapy logs like the example below::
autogenerated Password can be seen on Scrapy logs like the example below::
2018-10-16 14:35:21 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet Password: 16f92501e8a59326
Default Username and Password can be overriden by the settings
Default Username and Password can be overridden by the settings
:setting:`TELNETCONSOLE_USERNAME` and :setting:`TELNETCONSOLE_PASSWORD`.
.. warning::

95
pytest.ini
View File

@ -8,7 +8,6 @@ addopts =
--ignore=docs/_ext
--ignore=docs/conf.py
--ignore=docs/news.rst
--ignore=docs/topics/developer-tools.rst
--ignore=docs/topics/dynamic-content.rst
--ignore=docs/topics/items.rst
--ignore=docs/topics/leaks.rst
@ -19,6 +18,8 @@ addopts =
--ignore=docs/topics/telnetconsole.rst
--ignore=docs/utils
twisted = 1
markers =
only_asyncio: marks tests as only enabled when --reactor=asyncio is passed
flake8-ignore =
# Files that are only meant to provide top-level imports are expected not
# to use any of their imports:
@ -26,52 +27,52 @@ flake8-ignore =
scrapy/http/__init__.py F401
# Issues pending a review:
# extras
extras/qps-bench-server.py E261 E501
extras/qpsclient.py E501 E261 E501
extras/qps-bench-server.py E501
extras/qpsclient.py E501 E501
# scrapy/commands
scrapy/commands/__init__.py E128 E501
scrapy/commands/check.py E501
scrapy/commands/crawl.py E501
scrapy/commands/edit.py E501
scrapy/commands/fetch.py E401 E501 E128 E502 E731
scrapy/commands/fetch.py E401 E501 E128 E731
scrapy/commands/genspider.py E128 E501 E502
scrapy/commands/parse.py E128 E501 E731 E226
scrapy/commands/runspider.py E501
scrapy/commands/settings.py E128
scrapy/commands/shell.py E128 E501 E502
scrapy/commands/startproject.py E502 E127 E501 E128
scrapy/commands/startproject.py E127 E501 E128
scrapy/commands/version.py E501 E128
# scrapy/contracts
scrapy/contracts/__init__.py E501 W504
scrapy/contracts/default.py E502 E128
scrapy/contracts/default.py E128
# scrapy/core
scrapy/core/engine.py E261 E501 E128 E127 E306 E502
scrapy/core/engine.py E501 E128 E127 E306 E502
scrapy/core/scheduler.py E501
scrapy/core/scraper.py E501 E306 E261 E128 W504
scrapy/core/spidermw.py E501 E731 E502 E126 E226
scrapy/core/scraper.py E501 E306 E128 W504
scrapy/core/spidermw.py E501 E731 E126 E226
scrapy/core/downloader/__init__.py E501
scrapy/core/downloader/contextfactory.py E501 E128 E126
scrapy/core/downloader/middleware.py E501 E502
scrapy/core/downloader/tls.py E501 E305 E241
scrapy/core/downloader/webclient.py E731 E501 E261 E502 E128 E126 E226
scrapy/core/downloader/webclient.py E731 E501 E128 E126 E226
scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/__init__.py E501
scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/ftp.py E501 E305 E128 E127
scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/http10.py E501
scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/http11.py E501
scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/s3.py E501 E502 E128 E126
scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/s3.py E501 E128 E126
# scrapy/downloadermiddlewares
scrapy/downloadermiddlewares/ajaxcrawl.py E501 E226
scrapy/downloadermiddlewares/decompression.py E501
scrapy/downloadermiddlewares/defaultheaders.py E501
scrapy/downloadermiddlewares/httpcache.py E501 E126
scrapy/downloadermiddlewares/httpcompression.py E502 E128
scrapy/downloadermiddlewares/httpcompression.py E501 E128
scrapy/downloadermiddlewares/httpproxy.py E501
scrapy/downloadermiddlewares/redirect.py E501 W504
scrapy/downloadermiddlewares/retry.py E501 E126
scrapy/downloadermiddlewares/robotstxt.py E501
scrapy/downloadermiddlewares/stats.py E501
# scrapy/extensions
scrapy/extensions/closespider.py E501 E502 E128 E123
scrapy/extensions/closespider.py E501 E128 E123
scrapy/extensions/corestats.py E501
scrapy/extensions/feedexport.py E128 E501
scrapy/extensions/httpcache.py E128 E501 E303
@ -85,13 +86,13 @@ flake8-ignore =
scrapy/http/request/__init__.py E501
scrapy/http/request/form.py E501 E123
scrapy/http/request/json_request.py E501
scrapy/http/response/__init__.py E501 E128 W293 W291
scrapy/http/response/text.py E501 W293 E128 E124
scrapy/http/response/__init__.py E501 E128
scrapy/http/response/text.py E501 E128 E124
# scrapy/linkextractors
scrapy/linkextractors/__init__.py E731 E502 E501 E402
scrapy/linkextractors/__init__.py E731 E501 E402 W504
scrapy/linkextractors/lxmlhtml.py E501 E731 E226
# scrapy/loader
scrapy/loader/__init__.py E501 E502 E128
scrapy/loader/__init__.py E501 E128
scrapy/loader/processors.py E501
# scrapy/pipelines
scrapy/pipelines/files.py E116 E501 E266
@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ flake8-ignore =
scrapy/selector/unified.py E501 E111
# scrapy/settings
scrapy/settings/__init__.py E501
scrapy/settings/default_settings.py E501 E261 E114 E116 E226
scrapy/settings/default_settings.py E501 E114 E116 E226
scrapy/settings/deprecated.py E501
# scrapy/spidermiddlewares
scrapy/spidermiddlewares/httperror.py E501
@ -112,25 +113,25 @@ flake8-ignore =
# scrapy/spiders
scrapy/spiders/__init__.py E501 E402
scrapy/spiders/crawl.py E501
scrapy/spiders/feed.py E501 E261
scrapy/spiders/feed.py E501
scrapy/spiders/sitemap.py E501
# scrapy/utils
scrapy/utils/asyncio.py E501
scrapy/utils/benchserver.py E501
scrapy/utils/conf.py E402 E502 E501
scrapy/utils/console.py E261 E306 E305
scrapy/utils/conf.py E402 E501
scrapy/utils/console.py E306 E305
scrapy/utils/datatypes.py E501 E226
scrapy/utils/decorators.py E501
scrapy/utils/defer.py E501 E128
scrapy/utils/deprecate.py E128 E501 E127 E502
scrapy/utils/engine.py E261
scrapy/utils/gz.py E305 E501 W504
scrapy/utils/http.py F403 E226
scrapy/utils/httpobj.py E501
scrapy/utils/iterators.py E501 E701
scrapy/utils/log.py E128 W503
scrapy/utils/markup.py F403 W292
scrapy/utils/markup.py F403
scrapy/utils/misc.py E501 E226
scrapy/utils/multipart.py F403 W292
scrapy/utils/multipart.py F403
scrapy/utils/project.py E501
scrapy/utils/python.py E501
scrapy/utils/reactor.py E226
@ -145,18 +146,17 @@ flake8-ignore =
scrapy/utils/url.py E501 F403 E128 F405
# scrapy
scrapy/__init__.py E402 E501
scrapy/_monkeypatches.py W293
scrapy/cmdline.py E502 E501
scrapy/cmdline.py E501
scrapy/crawler.py E501
scrapy/dupefilters.py E501 E202
scrapy/exceptions.py E501
scrapy/exporters.py E501 E261 E226
scrapy/exporters.py E501 E226
scrapy/interfaces.py E501
scrapy/item.py E501 E128
scrapy/link.py E501
scrapy/logformatter.py E501 W293
scrapy/logformatter.py E501
scrapy/mail.py E402 E128 E501 E502
scrapy/middleware.py E502 E128 E501
scrapy/middleware.py E128 E501
scrapy/pqueues.py E501
scrapy/responsetypes.py E128 E501 E305
scrapy/robotstxt.py E501
@ -171,15 +171,15 @@ flake8-ignore =
tests/pipelines.py F841 E226
tests/spiders.py E501 E127
tests/test_closespider.py E501 E127
tests/test_command_fetch.py E501 E261
tests/test_command_fetch.py E501
tests/test_command_parse.py E501 E128 E303 E226
tests/test_command_shell.py E501 E128
tests/test_commands.py E128 E501
tests/test_contracts.py E501 E128 W293
tests/test_contracts.py E501 E128
tests/test_crawl.py E501 E741 E265
tests/test_crawler.py F841 E306 E501
tests/test_dependencies.py F841 E501 E305
tests/test_downloader_handlers.py E124 E127 E128 E225 E261 E265 E501 E502 E701 E126 E226 E123
tests/test_downloader_handlers.py E124 E127 E128 E225 E265 E501 E701 E126 E226 E123
tests/test_downloadermiddleware.py E501
tests/test_downloadermiddleware_ajaxcrawlable.py E501
tests/test_downloadermiddleware_cookies.py E731 E741 E501 E128 E303 E265 E126
@ -190,18 +190,18 @@ flake8-ignore =
tests/test_downloadermiddleware_httpcompression.py E501 E251 E126 E123
tests/test_downloadermiddleware_httpproxy.py E501 E128
tests/test_downloadermiddleware_redirect.py E501 E303 E128 E306 E127 E305
tests/test_downloadermiddleware_retry.py E501 E128 W293 E251 E502 E303 E126
tests/test_downloadermiddleware_retry.py E501 E128 E251 E303 E126
tests/test_downloadermiddleware_robotstxt.py E501
tests/test_downloadermiddleware_stats.py E501
tests/test_dupefilters.py E221 E501 E741 W293 W291 E128 E124
tests/test_engine.py E401 E501 E502 E128 E261
tests/test_dupefilters.py E221 E501 E741 E128 E124
tests/test_engine.py E401 E501 E128
tests/test_exporters.py E501 E731 E306 E128 E124
tests/test_extension_telnet.py F841
tests/test_feedexport.py E501 F841 E241
tests/test_http_cookies.py E501
tests/test_http_headers.py E501
tests/test_http_request.py E402 E501 E261 E127 E128 W293 E502 E128 E502 E126 E123
tests/test_http_response.py E501 E301 E502 E128 E265
tests/test_http_request.py E402 E501 E127 E128 E128 E126 E123
tests/test_http_response.py E501 E301 E128 E265
tests/test_item.py E701 E128 F841 E306
tests/test_link.py E501
tests/test_linkextractors.py E501 E128 E124
@ -210,28 +210,29 @@ flake8-ignore =
tests/test_mail.py E128 E501 E305
tests/test_middleware.py E501 E128
tests/test_pipeline_crawl.py E131 E501 E128 E126
tests/test_pipeline_files.py E501 W293 E303 E272 E226
tests/test_pipeline_files.py E501 E303 E272 E226
tests/test_pipeline_images.py F841 E501 E303
tests/test_pipeline_media.py E501 E741 E731 E128 E261 E306 E502
tests/test_pipeline_media.py E501 E741 E731 E128 E306 E502
tests/test_proxy_connect.py E501 E741
tests/test_request_cb_kwargs.py E501
tests/test_responsetypes.py E501 E305
tests/test_robotstxt_interface.py E501 W291 E501
tests/test_robotstxt_interface.py E501 E501
tests/test_scheduler.py E501 E126 E123
tests/test_selector.py E501 E127
tests/test_spider.py E501
tests/test_spidermiddleware.py E501 E226
tests/test_spidermiddleware_httperror.py E128 E501 E127 E121
tests/test_spidermiddleware_offsite.py E501 E128 E111 W293
tests/test_spidermiddleware_output_chain.py E501 W293 E226
tests/test_spidermiddleware_referer.py E501 F841 E125 E201 E261 E124 E501 E241 E121
tests/test_spidermiddleware_offsite.py E501 E128 E111
tests/test_spidermiddleware_output_chain.py E501 E226
tests/test_spidermiddleware_referer.py E501 F841 E125 E201 E124 E501 E241 E121
tests/test_squeues.py E501 E701 E741
tests/test_utils_asyncio.py E501
tests/test_utils_conf.py E501 E303 E128
tests/test_utils_curl.py E501
tests/test_utils_datatypes.py E402 E501 E305
tests/test_utils_defer.py E306 E261 E501 F841 E226
tests/test_utils_defer.py E306 E501 F841 E226
tests/test_utils_deprecate.py F841 E306 E501
tests/test_utils_http.py E501 E502 E128 W504
tests/test_utils_http.py E501 E128 W504
tests/test_utils_iterators.py E501 E128 E129 E303 E241
tests/test_utils_log.py E741 E226
tests/test_utils_python.py E501 E303 E731 E701 E305
@ -240,11 +241,11 @@ flake8-ignore =
tests/test_utils_response.py E501
tests/test_utils_signal.py E741 F841 E731 E226
tests/test_utils_sitemap.py E128 E501 E124
tests/test_utils_spider.py E261 E305
tests/test_utils_spider.py E305
tests/test_utils_template.py E305
tests/test_utils_url.py E501 E127 E305 E211 E125 E501 E226 E241 E126 E123
tests/test_webclient.py E501 E128 E122 E303 E402 E306 E226 E241 E123 E126
tests/test_cmdline/__init__.py E502 E501
tests/test_cmdline/__init__.py E501
tests/test_settings/__init__.py E501 E128
tests/test_spiderloader/__init__.py E128 E501
tests/test_utils_misc/__init__.py E501

16
requirements-py3.txt
View File

@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
parsel>=1.5.0
PyDispatcher>=2.0.5
Twisted>=17.9.0
w3lib>=1.17.0
pyOpenSSL>=16.2.0 # Earlier versions fail with "AttributeError: module 'lib' has no attribute 'SSL_ST_INIT'"
queuelib>=1.4.2 # Earlier versions fail with "AttributeError: '...QueueTest' object has no attribute 'qpath'"
cryptography>=2.0 # Earlier versions would fail to install
# Reference versions taken from
# https://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/python/
# https://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/zope/
cssselect>=0.9.1
lxml>=3.5.0
service_identity>=16.0.0
zope.interface>=4.1.3

4
scrapy/cmdline.py
View File

@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def _pop_command_name(argv):
def _print_header(settings, inproject):
if inproject:
print("Scrapy %s - project: %s\n" % (scrapy.__version__, \
print("Scrapy %s - project: %s\n" % (scrapy.__version__,
settings['BOT_NAME']))
else:
print("Scrapy %s - no active project\n" % scrapy.__version__)
@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ def execute(argv=None, settings=None):
inproject = inside_project()
cmds = _get_commands_dict(settings, inproject)
cmdname = _pop_command_name(argv)
parser = optparse.OptionParser(formatter=optparse.TitledHelpFormatter(), \
parser = optparse.OptionParser(formatter=optparse.TitledHelpFormatter(),
conflict_handler='resolve')
if not cmdname:
_print_commands(settings, inproject)

11
scrapy/commands/fetch.py
View File

@ -24,12 +24,11 @@ class Command(ScrapyCommand):
def add_options(self, parser):
ScrapyCommand.add_options(self, parser)
parser.add_option("--spider", dest="spider",
help="use this spider")
parser.add_option("--headers", dest="headers", action="store_true", \
help="print response HTTP headers instead of body")
parser.add_option("--no-redirect", dest="no_redirect", action="store_true", \
default=False, help="do not handle HTTP 3xx status codes and print response as-is")
parser.add_option("--spider", dest="spider", help="use this spider")
parser.add_option("--headers", dest="headers", action="store_true",
help="print response HTTP headers instead of body")
parser.add_option("--no-redirect", dest="no_redirect", action="store_true",
default=False, help="do not handle HTTP 3xx status codes and print response as-is")
def _print_headers(self, headers, prefix):
for key, values in headers.items():

2
scrapy/commands/shell.py
View File

@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ See documentation in docs/topics/shell.rst
from threading import Thread
from scrapy.commands import ScrapyCommand
from scrapy.shell import Shell
from scrapy.http import Request
from scrapy.shell import Shell
from scrapy.utils.spider import spidercls_for_request, DefaultSpider
from scrapy.utils.url import guess_scheme

4
scrapy/commands/startproject.py
View File

@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ class Command(ScrapyCommand):
return False
if not re.search(r'^[_a-zA-Z]\w*$', project_name):
print('Error: Project names must begin with a letter and contain'\
' only\nletters, numbers and underscores')
print('Error: Project names must begin with a letter and contain'
' only\nletters, numbers and underscores')
elif _module_exists(project_name):
print('Error: Module %r already exists' % project_name)
else:

4
scrapy/contracts/default.py
View File

@ -86,8 +86,8 @@ class ReturnsContract(Contract):
else:
expected = '%s..%s' % (self.min_bound, self.max_bound)
raise ContractFail("Returned %s %s, expected %s" % \
(occurrences, self.obj_name, expected))
raise ContractFail("Returned %s %s, expected %s" %
(occurrences, self.obj_name, expected))
class ScrapesContract(Contract):

7
scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/http11.py
View File

@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from twisted.web.http import _DataLoss, PotentialDataLoss
from twisted.web.client import Agent, ResponseDone, HTTPConnectionPool, ResponseFailed, URI
from twisted.internet.endpoints import TCP4ClientEndpoint
from scrapy.exceptions import ScrapyDeprecationWarning
from scrapy.http import Headers
from scrapy.responsetypes import responsetypes
from scrapy.core.downloader.webclient import _parse
@ -285,6 +286,12 @@ class ScrapyAgent(object):
scheme = _parse(request.url)[0]
proxyHost = to_unicode(proxyHost)
omitConnectTunnel = b'noconnect' in proxyParams
if omitConnectTunnel:
warnings.warn("Using HTTPS proxies in the noconnect mode is deprecated. "
"If you use Crawlera, it doesn't require this mode anymore, "
"so you should update scrapy-crawlera to 1.3.0+ "
"and remove '?noconnect' from the Crawlera URL.",
ScrapyDeprecationWarning)
if scheme == b'https' and not omitConnectTunnel:
proxyAuth = request.headers.get(b'Proxy-Authorization', None)
proxyConf = (proxyHost, proxyPort, proxyAuth)

4
scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/s3.py
View File

@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ def _get_boto_connection():
class S3DownloadHandler(object):
def __init__(self, settings, aws_access_key_id=None, aws_secret_access_key=None, \
httpdownloadhandler=HTTPDownloadHandler, **kw):
def __init__(self, settings, aws_access_key_id=None, aws_secret_access_key=None,
httpdownloadhandler=HTTPDownloadHandler, **kw):
if not aws_access_key_id:
aws_access_key_id = settings['AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID']

8
scrapy/core/downloader/middleware.py
View File

@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
from scrapy.exceptions import _InvalidOutput
from scrapy.http import Request, Response
from scrapy.middleware import MiddlewareManager
from scrapy.utils.defer import mustbe_deferred
from scrapy.utils.defer import mustbe_deferred, deferred_from_coro
from scrapy.utils.conf import build_component_list
@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class DownloaderMiddlewareManager(MiddlewareManager):
@defer.inlineCallbacks
def process_request(request):
for method in self.methods['process_request']:
response = yield method(request=request, spider=spider)
response = yield deferred_from_coro(method(request=request, spider=spider))
if response is not None and not isinstance(response, (Response, Request)):
raise _InvalidOutput('Middleware %s.process_request must return None, Response or Request, got %s' % \
(method.__self__.__class__.__name__, response.__class__.__name__))
@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class DownloaderMiddlewareManager(MiddlewareManager):
defer.returnValue(response)
for method in self.methods['process_response']:
response = yield method(request=request, response=response, spider=spider)
response = yield deferred_from_coro(method(request=request, response=response, spider=spider))
if not isinstance(response, (Response, Request)):
raise _InvalidOutput('Middleware %s.process_response must return Response or Request, got %s' % \
(method.__self__.__class__.__name__, type(response)))
@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class DownloaderMiddlewareManager(MiddlewareManager):
def process_exception(_failure):
exception = _failure.value
for method in self.methods['process_exception']:
response = yield method(request=request, exception=exception, spider=spider)
response = yield deferred_from_coro(method(request=request, exception=exception, spider=spider))
if response is not None and not isinstance(response, (Response, Request)):
raise _InvalidOutput('Middleware %s.process_exception must return None, Response or Request, got %s' % \
(method.__self__.__class__.__name__, type(response)))

8
scrapy/core/downloader/webclient.py
View File

@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class ScrapyHTTPPageGetter(HTTPClient):
delimiter = b'\n'
def connectionMade(self):
self.headers = Headers() # bucket for response headers
self.headers = Headers() # bucket for response headers
# Method command
self.sendCommand(self.factory.method, self.factory.path)
@ -88,9 +88,9 @@ class ScrapyHTTPPageGetter(HTTPClient):
if self.factory.url.startswith(b'https'):
self.transport.stopProducing()
self.factory.noPage(\
defer.TimeoutError("Getting %s took longer than %s seconds." % \
(self.factory.url, self.factory.timeout)))
self.factory.noPage(
defer.TimeoutError("Getting %s took longer than %s seconds." %
(self.factory.url, self.factory.timeout)))
class ScrapyHTTPClientFactory(HTTPClientFactory):

2
scrapy/core/engine.py
View File

@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class Slot(object):
def __init__(self, start_requests, close_if_idle, nextcall, scheduler):
self.closing = False
self.inprogress = set() # requests in progress
self.inprogress = set() # requests in progress
self.start_requests = iter(start_requests)
self.close_if_idle = close_if_idle
self.nextcall = nextcall

19
scrapy/core/scraper.py
View File

@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from twisted.internet import defer
from scrapy.utils.defer import defer_result, defer_succeed, parallel, iter_errback
from scrapy.utils.spider import iterate_spider_output
from scrapy.utils.misc import load_object
from scrapy.utils.misc import load_object, warn_on_generator_with_return_value
from scrapy.utils.log import logformatter_adapter, failure_to_exc_info
from scrapy.exceptions import CloseSpider, DropItem, IgnoreRequest
from scrapy import signals
@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from scrapy.item import BaseItem
from scrapy.core.spidermw import SpiderMiddlewareManager
from scrapy.utils.request import referer_str
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@ -99,11 +100,13 @@ class Scraper(object):
def enqueue_scrape(self, response, request, spider):
slot = self.slot
dfd = slot.add_response_request(response, request)
def finish_scraping(_):
slot.finish_response(response, request)
self._check_if_closing(spider, slot)
self._scrape_next(spider, slot)
return _
dfd.addBoth(finish_scraping)
dfd.addErrback(
lambda f: logger.error('Scraper bug processing %(request)s',
@ -123,7 +126,7 @@ class Scraper(object):
callback/errback"""
assert isinstance(response, (Response, Failure))
dfd = self._scrape2(response, request, spider) # returns spiders processed output
dfd = self._scrape2(response, request, spider) # returns spider's processed output
dfd.addErrback(self.handle_spider_error, request, response, spider)
dfd.addCallback(self.handle_spider_output, request, response, spider)
return dfd
@ -142,7 +145,10 @@ class Scraper(object):
def call_spider(self, result, request, spider):
result.request = request
dfd = defer_result(result)
dfd.addCallbacks(callback=request.callback or spider.parse,
callback = request.callback or spider.parse
warn_on_generator_with_return_value(spider, callback)
warn_on_generator_with_return_value(spider, request.errback)
dfd.addCallbacks(callback=callback,
errback=request.errback,
callbackKeywords=request.cb_kwargs)
return dfd.addCallback(iterate_spider_output)
@ -172,8 +178,8 @@ class Scraper(object):
if not result:
return defer_succeed(None)
it = iter_errback(result, self.handle_spider_error, request, response, spider)
dfd = parallel(it, self.concurrent_items,
self._process_spidermw_output, request, response, spider)
dfd = parallel(it, self.concurrent_items, self._process_spidermw_output,
request, response, spider)
return dfd
def _process_spidermw_output(self, output, request, response, spider):
@ -200,8 +206,7 @@ class Scraper(object):
"""Log and silence errors that come from the engine (typically download
errors that got propagated thru here)
"""
if (isinstance(download_failure, Failure) and
not download_failure.check(IgnoreRequest)):
if isinstance(download_failure, Failure) and not download_failure.check(IgnoreRequest):
if download_failure.frames:
logger.error('Error downloading %(request)s',
{'request': request},

6
scrapy/core/spidermw.py
View File

@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class SpiderMiddlewareManager(MiddlewareManager):
try:
result = method(response=response, spider=spider)
if result is not None:
raise _InvalidOutput('Middleware {} must return None or raise an exception, got {}' \
raise _InvalidOutput('Middleware {} must return None or raise an exception, got {}'
.format(fname(method), type(result)))
except _InvalidOutput:
raise
@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class SpiderMiddlewareManager(MiddlewareManager):
elif result is None:
continue
else:
raise _InvalidOutput('Middleware {} must return None or an iterable, got {}' \
raise _InvalidOutput('Middleware {} must return None or an iterable, got {}'
.format(fname(method), type(result)))
return _failure
@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class SpiderMiddlewareManager(MiddlewareManager):
if _isiterable(result):
result = evaluate_iterable(result, method_index)
else:
raise _InvalidOutput('Middleware {} must return an iterable, got {}' \
raise _InvalidOutput('Middleware {} must return an iterable, got {}'
.format(fname(method), type(result)))
return chain(result, recovered)

19
scrapy/crawler.py
View File

@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import pprint
import signal
import warnings
from twisted.internet import reactor, defer
from twisted.internet import defer
from zope.interface.verify import verifyClass, DoesNotImplement
from scrapy import Spider
@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from scrapy.extension import ExtensionManager
from scrapy.settings import overridden_settings, Settings
from scrapy.signalmanager import SignalManager
from scrapy.exceptions import ScrapyDeprecationWarning
from scrapy.utils.asyncio import install_asyncio_reactor, is_asyncio_reactor_installed
from scrapy.utils.ossignal import install_shutdown_handlers, signal_names
from scrapy.utils.misc import load_object
from scrapy.utils.log import (
@ -136,6 +137,7 @@ class CrawlerRunner(object):
self._crawlers = set()
self._active = set()
self.bootstrap_failed = False
self._handle_asyncio_reactor()
@property
def spiders(self):
@ -229,6 +231,11 @@ class CrawlerRunner(object):
while self._active:
yield defer.DeferredList(self._active)
def _handle_asyncio_reactor(self):
if self.settings.getbool('ASYNCIO_REACTOR') and not is_asyncio_reactor_installed():
raise Exception("ASYNCIO_REACTOR is on but the Twisted asyncio "
"reactor is not installed.")
class CrawlerProcess(CrawlerRunner):
"""
@ -261,6 +268,7 @@ class CrawlerProcess(CrawlerRunner):
log_scrapy_info(self.settings)
def _signal_shutdown(self, signum, _):
from twisted.internet import reactor
install_shutdown_handlers(self._signal_kill)
signame = signal_names[signum]
logger.info("Received %(signame)s, shutting down gracefully. Send again to force ",
@ -268,6 +276,7 @@ class CrawlerProcess(CrawlerRunner):
reactor.callFromThread(self._graceful_stop_reactor)
def _signal_kill(self, signum, _):
from twisted.internet import reactor
install_shutdown_handlers(signal.SIG_IGN)
signame = signal_names[signum]
logger.info('Received %(signame)s twice, forcing unclean shutdown',
@ -286,6 +295,7 @@ class CrawlerProcess(CrawlerRunner):
:param boolean stop_after_crawl: stop or not the reactor when all
crawlers have finished
"""
from twisted.internet import reactor
if stop_after_crawl:
d = self.join()
# Don't start the reactor if the deferreds are already fired
@ -300,6 +310,7 @@ class CrawlerProcess(CrawlerRunner):
reactor.run(installSignalHandlers=False) # blocking call
def _get_dns_resolver(self):
from twisted.internet import reactor
if self.settings.getbool('DNSCACHE_ENABLED'):
cache_size = self.settings.getint('DNSCACHE_SIZE')
else:
@ -316,11 +327,17 @@ class CrawlerProcess(CrawlerRunner):
return d
def _stop_reactor(self, _=None):
from twisted.internet import reactor
try:
reactor.stop()
except RuntimeError: # raised if already stopped or in shutdown stage
pass
def _handle_asyncio_reactor(self):
if self.settings.getbool('ASYNCIO_REACTOR'):
install_asyncio_reactor()
super()._handle_asyncio_reactor()
def _get_spider_loader(settings):
""" Get SpiderLoader instance from settings """

5
scrapy/downloadermiddlewares/httpcompression.py
View File

@ -37,8 +37,9 @@ class HttpCompressionMiddleware(object):
if content_encoding:
encoding = content_encoding.pop()
decoded_body = self._decode(response.body, encoding.lower())
respcls = responsetypes.from_args(headers=response.headers, \
url=response.url, body=decoded_body)
respcls = responsetypes.from_args(
headers=response.headers, url=response.url, body=decoded_body
)
kwargs = dict(cls=respcls, body=decoded_body)
if issubclass(respcls, TextResponse):
# force recalculating the encoding until we make sure the

33
scrapy/exporters.py
View File

@ -23,8 +23,9 @@ __all__ = ['BaseItemExporter', 'PprintItemExporter', 'PickleItemExporter',
class BaseItemExporter(object):
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
self._configure(kwargs)
def __init__(self, dont_fail=False, **kwargs):
self._kwargs = kwargs
self._configure(kwargs, dont_fail=dont_fail)
def _configure(self, options, dont_fail=False):
"""Configure the exporter by poping options from the ``options`` dict.
@ -81,10 +82,10 @@ class BaseItemExporter(object):
class JsonLinesItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
def __init__(self, file, **kwargs):
self._configure(kwargs, dont_fail=True)
super().__init__(dont_fail=True, **kwargs)
self.file = file
kwargs.setdefault('ensure_ascii', not self.encoding)
self.encoder = ScrapyJSONEncoder(**kwargs)
self._kwargs.setdefault('ensure_ascii', not self.encoding)
self.encoder = ScrapyJSONEncoder(**self._kwargs)
def export_item(self, item):
itemdict = dict(self._get_serialized_fields(item))
@ -95,15 +96,15 @@ class JsonLinesItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
class JsonItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
def __init__(self, file, **kwargs):
self._configure(kwargs, dont_fail=True)
super().__init__(dont_fail=True, **kwargs)
self.file = file
# there is a small difference between the behaviour or JsonItemExporter.indent
# and ScrapyJSONEncoder.indent. ScrapyJSONEncoder.indent=None is needed to prevent
# the addition of newlines everywhere
json_indent = self.indent if self.indent is not None and self.indent > 0 else None
kwargs.setdefault('indent', json_indent)
kwargs.setdefault('ensure_ascii', not self.encoding)
self.encoder = ScrapyJSONEncoder(**kwargs)
self._kwargs.setdefault('indent', json_indent)
self._kwargs.setdefault('ensure_ascii', not self.encoding)
self.encoder = ScrapyJSONEncoder(**self._kwargs)
self.first_item = True
def _beautify_newline(self):
@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ class XmlItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
def __init__(self, file, **kwargs):
self.item_element = kwargs.pop('item_element', 'item')
self.root_element = kwargs.pop('root_element', 'items')
self._configure(kwargs)
super().__init__(**kwargs)
if not self.encoding:
self.encoding = 'utf-8'
self.xg = XMLGenerator(file, encoding=self.encoding)
@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ class XmlItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
class CsvItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
def __init__(self, file, include_headers_line=True, join_multivalued=',', **kwargs):
self._configure(kwargs, dont_fail=True)
super().__init__(dont_fail=True, **kwargs)
if not self.encoding:
self.encoding = 'utf-8'
self.include_headers_line = include_headers_line
@ -199,9 +200,9 @@ class CsvItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
line_buffering=False,
write_through=True,
encoding=self.encoding,
newline='' # Windows needs this https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/issues/3034
newline='' # Windows needs this https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy/issues/3034
)
self.csv_writer = csv.writer(self.stream, **kwargs)
self.csv_writer = csv.writer(self.stream, **self._kwargs)
self._headers_not_written = True
self._join_multivalued = join_multivalued
@ -250,7 +251,7 @@ class CsvItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
class PickleItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
def __init__(self, file, protocol=2, **kwargs):
self._configure(kwargs)
super().__init__(**kwargs)
self.file = file
self.protocol = protocol
@ -269,7 +270,7 @@ class MarshalItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
"""
def __init__(self, file, **kwargs):
self._configure(kwargs)
super().__init__(**kwargs)
self.file = file
def export_item(self, item):
@ -279,7 +280,7 @@ class MarshalItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
class PprintItemExporter(BaseItemExporter):
def __init__(self, file, **kwargs):
self._configure(kwargs)
super().__init__(**kwargs)
self.file = file
def export_item(self, item):

6
scrapy/extensions/closespider.py
View File

@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ class CloseSpider(object):
self.crawler.engine.close_spider(spider, 'closespider_pagecount')
def spider_opened(self, spider):
self.task = reactor.callLater(self.close_on['timeout'], \
self.crawler.engine.close_spider, spider, \
reason='closespider_timeout')
self.task = reactor.callLater(self.close_on['timeout'],
self.crawler.engine.close_spider, spider,
reason='closespider_timeout')
def item_scraped(self, item, spider):
self.counter['itemcount'] += 1

14
scrapy/linkextractors/__init__.py
View File

@ -7,10 +7,12 @@ For more info see docs/topics/link-extractors.rst
"""
import re
from urllib.parse import urlparse
from warnings import warn
from parsel.csstranslator import HTMLTranslator
from w3lib.url import canonicalize_url
from scrapy.utils.deprecate import ScrapyDeprecationWarning
from scrapy.utils.misc import arg_to_iter
from scrapy.utils.url import (
url_is_from_any_domain, url_has_any_extension,
@ -44,14 +46,22 @@ IGNORED_EXTENSIONS = [
_re_type = type(re.compile("", 0))
_matches = lambda url, regexs: any(r.search(url) for r in regexs)
_is_valid_url = lambda url: url.split('://', 1)[0] in {'http', 'https', \
'file', 'ftp'}
_is_valid_url = lambda url: url.split('://', 1)[0] in {'http', 'https', 'file', 'ftp'}
class FilteringLinkExtractor(object):
_csstranslator = HTMLTranslator()
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
from scrapy.linkextractors.lxmlhtml import LxmlLinkExtractor
if (issubclass(cls, FilteringLinkExtractor) and
not issubclass(cls, LxmlLinkExtractor)):
warn('scrapy.linkextractors.FilteringLinkExtractor is deprecated, '
'please use scrapy.linkextractors.LinkExtractor instead',
ScrapyDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
return super(FilteringLinkExtractor, cls).__new__(cls)
def __init__(self, link_extractor, allow, deny, allow_domains, deny_domains,
restrict_xpaths, canonicalize, deny_extensions, restrict_css, restrict_text):

8
scrapy/linkextractors/lxmlhtml.py
View File

@ -116,6 +116,14 @@ class LxmlLinkExtractor(FilteringLinkExtractor):
restrict_text=restrict_text)
def extract_links(self, response):
"""Returns a list of :class:`~scrapy.link.Link` objects from the
specified :class:`response <scrapy.http.Response>`.
Only links that match the settings passed to the ``__init__`` method of
the link extractor are returned.
Duplicate links are omitted.
"""
base_url = get_base_url(response)
if self.restrict_xpaths:
docs = [subdoc

4
scrapy/logformatter.py
View File

@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ ERRORMSG = u"'Error processing %(item)s'"
class LogFormatter(object):
"""Class for generating log messages for different actions.
All methods must return a dictionary listing the parameters ``level``, ``msg``
and ``args`` which are going to be used for constructing the log message when
calling ``logging.log``.
@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class LogFormatter(object):
}
}
"""
def crawled(self, request, response, spider):
"""Logs a message when the crawler finds a webpage."""
request_flags = ' %s' % str(request.flags) if request.flags else ''

3
scrapy/mail.py
View File

@ -73,8 +73,7 @@ class MailSender(object):
part = MIMEBase(*mimetype.split('/'))
part.set_payload(f.read())
Encoders.encode_base64(part)
part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment; filename="%s"' \
% attach_name)
part.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=attach_name)
msg.attach(part)
else:
msg.set_payload(body)

4
scrapy/middleware.py
View File

@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ class MiddlewareManager(object):
return process_chain(self.methods[methodname], obj, *args)
def _process_chain_both(self, cb_methodname, eb_methodname, obj, *args):
return process_chain_both(self.methods[cb_methodname], \
self.methods[eb_methodname], obj, *args)
return process_chain_both(self.methods[cb_methodname],
self.methods[eb_methodname], obj, *args)
def open_spider(self, spider):
return self._process_parallel('open_spider', spider)

6
scrapy/settings/default_settings.py
View File

@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ from os.path import join, abspath, dirname
AJAXCRAWL_ENABLED = False
ASYNCIO_REACTOR = False
AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = False
AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60.0
@ -84,8 +86,8 @@ DOWNLOADER = 'scrapy.core.downloader.Downloader'
DOWNLOADER_HTTPCLIENTFACTORY = 'scrapy.core.downloader.webclient.ScrapyHTTPClientFactory'
DOWNLOADER_CLIENTCONTEXTFACTORY = 'scrapy.core.downloader.contextfactory.ScrapyClientContextFactory'
DOWNLOADER_CLIENT_TLS_CIPHERS = 'DEFAULT'
DOWNLOADER_CLIENT_TLS_METHOD = 'TLS' # Use highest TLS/SSL protocol version supported by the platform,
# also allowing negotiation
# Use highest TLS/SSL protocol version supported by the platform, also allowing negotiation:
DOWNLOADER_CLIENT_TLS_METHOD = 'TLS'
DOWNLOADER_CLIENT_TLS_VERBOSE_LOGGING = False
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {}

3
scrapy/shell.py
View File

@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import os
import signal
import warnings
from twisted.internet import reactor, threads, defer
from twisted.internet import threads, defer
from twisted.python import threadable
from w3lib.url import any_to_uri
@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ class Shell(object):
return spider
def fetch(self, request_or_url, spider=None, redirect=True, **kwargs):
from twisted.internet import reactor
if isinstance(request_or_url, Request):
request = request_or_url
else:

60
scrapy/spiders/crawl.py
View File

@ -16,7 +16,11 @@ from scrapy.utils.python import get_func_args
from scrapy.utils.spider import iterate_spider_output
def _identity(request, response):
def _identity(x):
return x
def _identity_process_request(request, response):
return request
@ -32,17 +36,20 @@ _default_link_extractor = LinkExtractor()
class Rule(object):
def __init__(self, link_extractor=None, callback=None, cb_kwargs=None, follow=None, process_links=None, process_request=None):
def __init__(self, link_extractor=None, callback=None, cb_kwargs=None, follow=None,
process_links=None, process_request=None, errback=None):
self.link_extractor = link_extractor or _default_link_extractor
self.callback = callback
self.errback = errback
self.cb_kwargs = cb_kwargs or {}
self.process_links = process_links
self.process_request = process_request or _identity
self.process_links = process_links or _identity
self.process_request = process_request or _identity_process_request
self.process_request_argcount = None
self.follow = follow if follow is not None else not callback
def _compile(self, spider):
self.callback = _get_method(self.callback, spider)
self.errback = _get_method(self.errback, spider)
self.process_links = _get_method(self.process_links, spider)
self.process_request = _get_method(self.process_request, spider)
self.process_request_argcount = len(get_func_args(self.process_request))
@ -76,48 +83,59 @@ class CrawlSpider(Spider):
def process_results(self, response, results):
return results
def _build_request(self, rule, link):
r = Request(url=link.url, callback=self._response_downloaded)
r.meta.update(rule=rule, link_text=link.text)
return r
def _build_request(self, rule_index, link):
return Request(
url=link.url,
callback=self._callback,
errback=self._errback,
meta=dict(rule=rule_index, link_text=link.text),
)
def _requests_to_follow(self, response):
if not isinstance(response, HtmlResponse):
return
seen = set()
for n, rule in enumerate(self._rules):
for rule_index, rule in enumerate(self._rules):
links = [lnk for lnk in rule.link_extractor.extract_links(response)
if lnk not in seen]
if links and rule.process_links:
links = rule.process_links(links)
for link in links:
for link in rule.process_links(links):
seen.add(link)
request = self._build_request(n, link)
request = self._build_request(rule_index, link)
yield rule._process_request(request, response)
def _response_downloaded(self, response):
def _callback(self, response):
rule = self._rules[response.meta['rule']]
return self._parse_response(response, rule.callback, rule.cb_kwargs, rule.follow)
def _errback(self, failure):
rule = self._rules[failure.request.meta['rule']]
return self._handle_failure(failure, rule.errback)
def _parse_response(self, response, callback, cb_kwargs, follow=True):
if callback:
cb_res = callback(response, **cb_kwargs) or ()
cb_res = self.process_results(response, cb_res)
for requests_or_item in iterate_spider_output(cb_res):
yield requests_or_item
for request_or_item in iterate_spider_output(cb_res):
yield request_or_item
if follow and self._follow_links:
for request_or_item in self._requests_to_follow(response):
yield request_or_item
def _handle_failure(self, failure, errback):
if errback:
results = errback(failure) or ()
for request_or_item in iterate_spider_output(results):
yield request_or_item
def _compile_rules(self):
self._rules = [copy.copy(r) for r in self.rules]
for rule in self._rules:
rule._compile(self)
self._rules = []
for rule in self.rules:
self._rules.append(copy.copy(rule))
self._rules[-1]._compile(self)
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler, *args, **kwargs):
spider = super(CrawlSpider, cls).from_crawler(crawler, *args, **kwargs)
spider._follow_links = crawler.settings.getbool(
'CRAWLSPIDER_FOLLOW_LINKS', True)
spider._follow_links = crawler.settings.getbool('CRAWLSPIDER_FOLLOW_LINKS', True)
return spider

4
scrapy/spiders/feed.py
View File

@ -100,8 +100,8 @@ class CSVFeedSpider(Spider):
and the file's headers.
"""
delimiter = None # When this is None, python's csv module's default delimiter is used
quotechar = None # When this is None, python's csv module's default quotechar is used
delimiter = None # When this is None, python's csv module's default delimiter is used
quotechar = None # When this is None, python's csv module's default quotechar is used
headers = None
def process_results(self, response, results):

17
scrapy/utils/asyncio.py Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
import asyncio
from contextlib import suppress
from twisted.internet import asyncioreactor
from twisted.internet.error import ReactorAlreadyInstalledError
def install_asyncio_reactor():
""" Tries to install AsyncioSelectorReactor
"""
with suppress(ReactorAlreadyInstalledError):
asyncioreactor.install(asyncio.get_event_loop())
def is_asyncio_reactor_installed():
from twisted.internet import reactor
return isinstance(reactor, asyncioreactor.AsyncioSelectorReactor)

2
scrapy/utils/conf.py
View File

@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ def build_component_list(compdict, custom=None, convert=update_classpath):
"""Fail if a value in the components dict is not a real number or None."""
for name, value in compdict.items():
if value is not None and not isinstance(value, numbers.Real):
raise ValueError('Invalid value {} for component {}, please provide ' \
raise ValueError('Invalid value {} for component {}, please provide '
'a real number or None instead'.format(value, name))
# BEGIN Backward compatibility for old (base, custom) call signature

8
scrapy/utils/console.py
View File

@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def _embed_ptpython_shell(namespace={}, banner=''):
def _embed_standard_shell(namespace={}, banner=''):
"""Start a standard python shell"""
import code
try: # readline module is only available on unix systems
try: # readline module is only available on unix systems
import readline
except ImportError:
pass
@ -72,9 +72,9 @@ def get_shell_embed_func(shells=None, known_shells=None):
"""Return the first acceptable shell-embed function
from a given list of shell names.
"""
if shells is None: # list, preference order of shells
if shells is None: # list, preference order of shells
shells = DEFAULT_PYTHON_SHELLS.keys()
if known_shells is None: # available embeddable shells
if known_shells is None: # available embeddable shells
known_shells = DEFAULT_PYTHON_SHELLS.copy()
for shell in shells:
if shell in known_shells:
@ -97,5 +97,5 @@ def start_python_console(namespace=None, banner='', shells=None):
shell = get_shell_embed_func(shells)
if shell is not None:
shell(namespace=namespace, banner=banner)
except SystemExit: # raised when using exit() in python code.interact
except SystemExit: # raised when using exit() in python code.interact
pass

31
scrapy/utils/datatypes.py
View File

@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ This module must not depend on any module outside the Standard Library.
import collections
import copy
import warnings
import weakref
from collections.abc import Mapping
from scrapy.exceptions import ScrapyDeprecationWarning
@ -240,7 +241,6 @@ class LocalCache(collections.OrderedDict):
"""Dictionary with a finite number of keys.
Older items expires first.
"""
def __init__(self, limit=None):
@ -254,6 +254,35 @@ class LocalCache(collections.OrderedDict):
super(LocalCache, self).__setitem__(key, value)
class LocalWeakReferencedCache(weakref.WeakKeyDictionary):
"""
A weakref.WeakKeyDictionary implementation that uses LocalCache as its
underlying data structure, making it ordered and capable of being size-limited.
Useful for memoization, while avoiding keeping received
arguments in memory only because of the cached references.
Note: like LocalCache and unlike weakref.WeakKeyDictionary,
it cannot be instantiated with an initial dictionary.
"""
def __init__(self, limit=None):
super(LocalWeakReferencedCache, self).__init__()
self.data = LocalCache(limit=limit)
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
try:
super(LocalWeakReferencedCache, self).__setitem__(key, value)
except TypeError:
pass # key is not weak-referenceable, skip caching
def __getitem__(self, key):
try:
return super(LocalWeakReferencedCache, self).__getitem__(key)
except TypeError:
return None # key is not weak-referenceable, it's not cached
class SequenceExclude(object):
"""Object to test if an item is NOT within some sequence."""

29
scrapy/utils/defer.py
View File

@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
"""
Helper functions for dealing with Twisted deferreds
"""
import asyncio
import inspect
from twisted.internet import defer, reactor, task
from twisted.internet import defer, task
from twisted.python import failure
from scrapy.exceptions import IgnoreRequest
from scrapy.utils.asyncio import is_asyncio_reactor_installed
def defer_fail(_failure):
@ -15,6 +18,7 @@ def defer_fail(_failure):
It delays by 100ms so reactor has a chance to go through readers and writers
before attending pending delayed calls, so do not set delay to zero.
"""
from twisted.internet import reactor
d = defer.Deferred()
reactor.callLater(0.1, d.errback, _failure)
return d
@ -27,6 +31,7 @@ def defer_succeed(result):
It delays by 100ms so reactor has a chance to go trough readers and writers
before attending pending delayed calls, so do not set delay to zero.
"""
from twisted.internet import reactor
d = defer.Deferred()
reactor.callLater(0.1, d.callback, result)
return d
@ -113,3 +118,25 @@ def iter_errback(iterable, errback, *a, **kw):
break
except Exception:
errback(failure.Failure(), *a, **kw)
def _isfuture(o):
# workaround for Python before 3.5.3 not having asyncio.isfuture
if hasattr(asyncio, 'isfuture'):
return asyncio.isfuture(o)
return isinstance(o, asyncio.Future)
def deferred_from_coro(o):
"""Converts a coroutine into a Deferred, or returns the object as is if it isn't a coroutine"""
if isinstance(o, defer.Deferred):
return o
if _isfuture(o) or inspect.isawaitable(o):
if not is_asyncio_reactor_installed():
# wrapping the coroutine directly into a Deferred, this doesn't work correctly with coroutines
# that use asyncio, e.g. "await asyncio.sleep(1)"
return defer.ensureDeferred(o)
else:
# wrapping the coroutine into a Future and then into a Deferred, this requires AsyncioSelectorReactor
return defer.Deferred.fromFuture(asyncio.ensure_future(o))
return o

3
scrapy/utils/log.py
View File

@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from twisted.python import log as twisted_log
import scrapy
from scrapy.settings import Settings
from scrapy.exceptions import ScrapyDeprecationWarning
from scrapy.utils.asyncio import is_asyncio_reactor_installed
from scrapy.utils.versions import scrapy_components_versions
@ -148,6 +149,8 @@ def log_scrapy_info(settings):
{'versions': ", ".join("%s %s" % (name, version)
for name, version in scrapy_components_versions()
if name != "Scrapy")})
if is_asyncio_reactor_installed():
logger.debug("Asyncio reactor is installed")
class StreamLogger(object):

2
scrapy/utils/markup.py
View File

@ -11,4 +11,4 @@ from w3lib.html import * # noqa: F401
warnings.warn("Module `scrapy.utils.markup` is deprecated. "
"Please import from `w3lib.html` instead.",
ScrapyDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
ScrapyDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)

46
scrapy/utils/misc.py
View File

@ -1,13 +1,18 @@
"""Helper functions which don't fit anywhere else"""
import ast
import inspect
import os
import re
import hashlib
import warnings
from contextlib import contextmanager
from importlib import import_module
from pkgutil import iter_modules
from textwrap import dedent
from w3lib.html import replace_entities
from scrapy.utils.datatypes import LocalWeakReferencedCache
from scrapy.utils.python import flatten, to_unicode
from scrapy.item import BaseItem
@ -161,3 +166,44 @@ def set_environ(**kwargs):
del os.environ[k]
else:
os.environ[k] = v
_generator_callbacks_cache = LocalWeakReferencedCache(limit=128)
def is_generator_with_return_value(callable):
"""
Returns True if a callable is a generator function which includes a
'return' statement with a value different than None, False otherwise
"""
if callable in _generator_callbacks_cache:
return _generator_callbacks_cache[callable]
def returns_none(return_node):
value = return_node.value
return value is None or isinstance(value, ast.NameConstant) and value.value is None
if inspect.isgeneratorfunction(callable):
tree = ast.parse(dedent(inspect.getsource(callable)))
for node in ast.walk(tree):
if isinstance(node, ast.Return) and not returns_none(node):
_generator_callbacks_cache[callable] = True
return _generator_callbacks_cache[callable]
_generator_callbacks_cache[callable] = False
return _generator_callbacks_cache[callable]
def warn_on_generator_with_return_value(spider, callable):
"""
Logs a warning if a callable is a generator function and includes
a 'return' statement with a value different than None
"""
if is_generator_with_return_value(callable):
warnings.warn(
'The "{}.{}" method is a generator and includes a "return" statement with a '
'value different than None. This could lead to unexpected behaviour. Please see '
'https://docs.python.org/3/reference/simple_stmts.html#the-return-statement '
'for details about the semantics of the "return" statement within generators'
.format(spider.__class__.__name__, callable.__name__), stacklevel=2,
)

2
scrapy/utils/multipart.py
View File

@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ from w3lib.form import * # noqa: F401
warnings.warn("Module `scrapy.utils.multipart` is deprecated. "
"If you're using `encode_multipart` function, please use "
"`urllib3.filepost.encode_multipart_formdata` instead",
ScrapyDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
ScrapyDeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)

3
scrapy/utils/ossignal.py
View File

@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
import signal
from twisted.internet import reactor
signal_names = {}
for signame in dir(signal):
@ -17,6 +15,7 @@ def install_shutdown_handlers(function, override_sigint=True):
SIGINT handler won't be install if there is already a handler in place
(e.g. Pdb)
"""
from twisted.internet import reactor
reactor._handleSignals()
signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM, function)
if signal.getsignal(signal.SIGINT) == signal.default_int_handler or \

4
scrapy/utils/reactor.py
View File

@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
from twisted.internet import reactor, error
from twisted.internet import error
def listen_tcp(portrange, host, factory):
"""Like reactor.listenTCP but tries different ports in a range."""
from twisted.internet import reactor
assert len(portrange) <= 2, "invalid portrange: %s" % portrange
if not portrange:
return reactor.listenTCP(0, factory, interface=host)
@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ class CallLaterOnce(object):
self._call = None
def schedule(self, delay=0):
from twisted.internet import reactor
if self._call is None:
self._call = reactor.callLater(delay, self)

9
scrapy/utils/test.py
View File

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
"""
This module contains some assorted functions used in tests
"""
import asyncio
import os
from importlib import import_module
@ -96,3 +96,10 @@ def assert_samelines(testcase, text1, text2, msg=None):
line endings between platforms
"""
testcase.assertEqual(text1.splitlines(), text2.splitlines(), msg)
def get_from_asyncio_queue(value):
q = asyncio.Queue()
getter = q.get()
q.put_nowait(value)
return getter

4
sep/sep-001.rst
View File

@ -254,8 +254,8 @@ ItemForm
#!python
class MySiteForm(ItemForm):
witdth = adaptor(ItemForm.witdh, default_unit='cm')
volume = adaptor(ItemForm.witdh, default_unit='lt')
width = adaptor(ItemForm.width, default_unit='cm')
volume = adaptor(ItemForm.width, default_unit='lt')
ia['width'] = x.x('//p[@class="width"]')
ia['volume'] = x.x('//p[@class="volume"]')

2
sep/sep-004.rst
View File

@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Here's a simple proof-of-concept code of such script:
# ... do something more interesting with scraped_items ...
The behaviour of the Scrapy crawler would be controller by the Scrapy settings,
naturally, just like any typical scrapy project. But the default settings
naturally, just like any typical Scrapy project. But the default settings
should be sufficient so as to not require adding any specific setting. But, at
the same time, you could do it if you need to, say, for specifying a custom
middleware.

2
sep/sep-019.rst
View File

@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ These ideas translate to the following changes on the ``SpiderManager`` class:
will return a spider class, not an instance. It's basically a ``__get__``
to ``self._spiders``.
- All remaining functions should be deprecated or remove accordantly, since a
- All remaining functions should be deprecated or remove accordingly, since a
crawler reference is no longer needed.
- New helper ``get_spider_manager_class_from_scrapycfg`` in

17
tests/CrawlerProcess/asyncio_enabled_no_reactor.py Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
import scrapy
from scrapy.crawler import CrawlerProcess
class NoRequestsSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'no_request'
def start_requests(self):
return []
process = CrawlerProcess(settings={
'ASYNCIO_REACTOR': True,
})
process.crawl(NoRequestsSpider)
process.start()

22
tests/CrawlerProcess/asyncio_enabled_reactor.py Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
import asyncio
from twisted.internet import asyncioreactor
asyncioreactor.install(asyncio.get_event_loop())
import scrapy
from scrapy.crawler import CrawlerProcess
class NoRequestsSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'no_request'
def start_requests(self):
return []
process = CrawlerProcess(settings={
'ASYNCIO_REACTOR': True,
})
process.crawl(NoRequestsSpider)
process.start()

15
tests/CrawlerProcess/simple.py Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
import scrapy
from scrapy.crawler import CrawlerProcess
class NoRequestsSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'no_request'
def start_requests(self):
return []
process = CrawlerProcess(settings={})
process.crawl(NoRequestsSpider)
process.start()

7
tests/mockserver.py
View File

@ -164,6 +164,12 @@ class Drop(Partial):
request.finish()
class ArbitraryLengthPayloadResource(LeafResource):
def render(self, request):
return request.content.read()
class Root(Resource):
def __init__(self):
@ -177,6 +183,7 @@ class Root(Resource):
self.putChild(b"echo", Echo())
self.putChild(b"payload", PayloadResource())
self.putChild(b"xpayload", EncodingResourceWrapper(PayloadResource(), [GzipEncoderFactory()]))
self.putChild(b"alpayload", ArbitraryLengthPayloadResource())
try:
from tests import tests_datadir
self.putChild(b"files", File(os.path.join(tests_datadir, 'test_site/files/')))

2
tests/requirements-py3.txt
View File

@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ mitmproxy; python_version >= '3.6'
mitmproxy<4.0.0; python_version < '3.6'
pytest
pytest-cov
pytest-twisted
pytest-twisted >= 1.11
pytest-xdist
sybil
testfixtures

36
tests/spiders.py
View File

@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
"""
Some spiders used for testing and benchmarking
"""
import time
from urllib.parse import urlencode
from scrapy.spiders import Spider
from scrapy.http import Request
from scrapy.item import Item
from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
from scrapy.spiders import Spider
from scrapy.spiders.crawl import CrawlSpider, Rule
class MockServerSpider(Spider):
@ -184,3 +184,35 @@ class DuplicateStartRequestsSpider(MockServerSpider):
def parse(self, response):
self.visited += 1
class CrawlSpiderWithErrback(MockServerSpider, CrawlSpider):
name = 'crawl_spider_with_errback'
custom_settings = {
'RETRY_HTTP_CODES': [], # no need to retry
}
rules = (
Rule(LinkExtractor(), callback='callback', errback='errback', follow=True),
)
def start_requests(self):
test_body = b"""
<html>
<head><title>Page title<title></head>
<body>
<p><a href="/status?n=200">Item 200</a></p> <!-- callback -->
<p><a href="/status?n=201">Item 201</a></p> <!-- callback -->
<p><a href="/status?n=404">Item 404</a></p> <!-- errback -->
<p><a href="/status?n=500">Item 500</a></p> <!-- errback -->
<p><a href="/status?n=501">Item 501</a></p> <!-- errback -->
</body>
</html>
"""
url = self.mockserver.url("/alpayload")
yield Request(url, method="POST", body=test_body)
def callback(self, response):
self.logger.info('[callback] status %i', response.status)
def errback(self, failure):
self.logger.info('[errback] status %i', failure.value.response.status)

10
tests/test_cmdline/__init__.py
View File

@ -25,17 +25,15 @@ class CmdlineTest(unittest.TestCase):
return comm.decode(encoding)
def test_default_settings(self):
self.assertEqual(self._execute('settings', '--get', 'TEST1'), \
'default')
self.assertEqual(self._execute('settings', '--get', 'TEST1'), 'default')
def test_override_settings_using_set_arg(self):
self.assertEqual(self._execute('settings', '--get', 'TEST1', '-s', 'TEST1=override'), \
'override')
self.assertEqual(self._execute('settings', '--get', 'TEST1', '-s',
'TEST1=override'), 'override')
def test_override_settings_using_envvar(self):
self.env['SCRAPY_TEST1'] = 'override'
self.assertEqual(self._execute('settings', '--get', 'TEST1'), \
'override')
self.assertEqual(self._execute('settings', '--get', 'TEST1'), 'override')
def test_profiling(self):
path = tempfile.mkdtemp()

2
tests/test_command_fetch.py
View File

@ -29,6 +29,6 @@ class FetchTest(ProcessTest, SiteTest, unittest.TestCase):
@defer.inlineCallbacks
def test_headers(self):
_, out, _ = yield self.execute([self.url('/text'), '--headers'])
out = out.replace(b'\r', b'') # required on win32
out = out.replace(b'\r', b'') # required on win32
assert b'Server: TwistedWeb' in out, out
assert b'Content-Type: text/plain' in out

8
tests/test_commands.py
View File

@ -295,6 +295,14 @@ class BadSpider(scrapy.Spider):
self.assertIn("start_requests", log)
self.assertIn("badspider.py", log)
def test_asyncio_enabled_true(self):
log = self.get_log(self.debug_log_spider, args=['-s', 'ASYNCIO_REACTOR=True'])
self.assertIn("DEBUG: Asyncio reactor is installed", log)
def test_asyncio_enabled_false(self):
log = self.get_log(self.debug_log_spider, args=['-s', 'ASYNCIO_REACTOR=False'])
self.assertNotIn("DEBUG: Asyncio reactor is installed", log)
class BenchCommandTest(CommandTest):

2
tests/test_contracts.py
View File

@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ class ContractsManagerTest(unittest.TestCase):
self.assertEqual(len(contracts), 3)
self.assertEqual(frozenset(type(x) for x in contracts),
frozenset([UrlContract, CallbackKeywordArgumentsContract, ReturnsContract]))
contracts = self.conman.extract_contracts(spider.returns_item_cb_kwargs)
self.assertEqual(len(contracts), 3)
self.assertEqual(frozenset(type(x) for x in contracts),

69
tests/test_crawl.py
View File

@ -5,12 +5,12 @@ from testfixtures import LogCapture
from twisted.internet import defer
from twisted.trial.unittest import TestCase
from scrapy.http import Request
from scrapy.crawler import CrawlerRunner
from scrapy.http import Request
from scrapy.utils.python import to_unicode
from tests.spiders import FollowAllSpider, DelaySpider, SimpleSpider, \
BrokenStartRequestsSpider, SingleRequestSpider, DuplicateStartRequestsSpider
from tests.mockserver import MockServer
from tests.spiders import (FollowAllSpider, DelaySpider, SimpleSpider, BrokenStartRequestsSpider,
SingleRequestSpider, DuplicateStartRequestsSpider, CrawlSpiderWithErrback)
class CrawlTestCase(TestCase):
@ -30,25 +30,44 @@ class CrawlTestCase(TestCase):
self.assertEqual(len(crawler.spider.urls_visited), 11) # 10 + start_url
@defer.inlineCallbacks
def test_delay(self):
# short to long delays
yield self._test_delay(0.2, False)
yield self._test_delay(1, False)
# randoms
yield self._test_delay(0.2, True)
yield self._test_delay(1, True)
def test_fixed_delay(self):
yield self._test_delay(total=3, delay=0.1)
@defer.inlineCallbacks
def _test_delay(self, delay, randomize):
settings = {"DOWNLOAD_DELAY": delay, 'RANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY': randomize}
def test_randomized_delay(self):
yield self._test_delay(total=3, delay=0.1, randomize=True)
@defer.inlineCallbacks
def _test_delay(self, total, delay, randomize=False):
crawl_kwargs = dict(
maxlatency=delay * 2,
mockserver=self.mockserver,
total=total,
)
tolerance = (1 - (0.6 if randomize else 0.2))
settings = {"DOWNLOAD_DELAY": delay,
'RANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY': randomize}
crawler = CrawlerRunner(settings).create_crawler(FollowAllSpider)
yield crawler.crawl(maxlatency=delay * 2, mockserver=self.mockserver)
t = crawler.spider.times
totaltime = t[-1] - t[0]
avgd = totaltime / (len(t) - 1)
tolerance = 0.6 if randomize else 0.2
self.assertTrue(avgd > delay * (1 - tolerance),
"download delay too small: %s" % avgd)
yield crawler.crawl(**crawl_kwargs)
times = crawler.spider.times
total_time = times[-1] - times[0]
average = total_time / (len(times) - 1)
self.assertTrue(average > delay * tolerance,
"download delay too small: %s" % average)
# Ensure that the same test parameters would cause a failure if no
# download delay is set. Otherwise, it means we are using a combination
# of ``total`` and ``delay`` values that are too small for the test
# code above to have any meaning.
settings["DOWNLOAD_DELAY"] = 0
crawler = CrawlerRunner(settings).create_crawler(FollowAllSpider)
yield crawler.crawl(**crawl_kwargs)
times = crawler.spider.times
total_time = times[-1] - times[0]
average = total_time / (len(times) - 1)
self.assertFalse(average > delay / tolerance,
"test total or delay values are too small")
@defer.inlineCallbacks
def test_timeout_success(self):
@ -277,3 +296,15 @@ with multiples lines
self._assert_retried(log)
self.assertIn("Got response 200", str(log))
@defer.inlineCallbacks
def test_crawlspider_with_errback(self):
self.runner.crawl(CrawlSpiderWithErrback, mockserver=self.mockserver)
with LogCapture() as log:
yield self.runner.join()
self.assertIn("[callback] status 200", str(log))
self.assertIn("[callback] status 201", str(log))
self.assertIn("[errback] status 404", str(log))
self.assertIn("[errback] status 500", str(log))

62
tests/test_crawler.py
View File

@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
import logging
import os
import subprocess
import sys
import warnings
from pytest import raises, mark
from testfixtures import LogCapture
from twisted.internet import defer
from twisted.trial import unittest
from pytest import raises
import scrapy
from scrapy.crawler import Crawler, CrawlerRunner, CrawlerProcess
@ -14,6 +18,7 @@ from scrapy.utils.spider import DefaultSpider
from scrapy.utils.misc import load_object
from scrapy.extensions.throttle import AutoThrottle
from scrapy.extensions import telnet
from scrapy.utils.test import get_testenv
class BaseCrawlerTest(unittest.TestCase):
@ -203,6 +208,7 @@ class NoRequestsSpider(scrapy.Spider):
return []
@mark.usefixtures('reactor_pytest')
class CrawlerRunnerHasSpider(unittest.TestCase):
@defer.inlineCallbacks
@ -245,3 +251,57 @@ class CrawlerRunnerHasSpider(unittest.TestCase):
yield runner.crawl(NoRequestsSpider)
self.assertEqual(runner.bootstrap_failed, True)
def test_crawler_runner_asyncio_enabled_true(self):
if self.reactor_pytest == 'asyncio':
runner = CrawlerRunner(settings={'ASYNCIO_REACTOR': True})
else:
msg = "ASYNCIO_REACTOR is on but the Twisted asyncio reactor is not installed"
with self.assertRaisesRegex(Exception, msg):
runner = CrawlerRunner(settings={'ASYNCIO_REACTOR': True})
@defer.inlineCallbacks
def test_crawler_process_asyncio_enabled_true(self):
with LogCapture(level=logging.DEBUG) as log:
if self.reactor_pytest == 'asyncio':
runner = CrawlerProcess(settings={'ASYNCIO_REACTOR': True})
yield runner.crawl(NoRequestsSpider)
self.assertIn("Asyncio reactor is installed", str(log))
else:
msg = "ASYNCIO_REACTOR is on but the Twisted asyncio reactor is not installed"
with self.assertRaisesRegex(Exception, msg):
runner = CrawlerProcess(settings={'ASYNCIO_REACTOR': True})
@defer.inlineCallbacks
def test_crawler_process_asyncio_enabled_false(self):
runner = CrawlerProcess(settings={'ASYNCIO_REACTOR': False})
with LogCapture(level=logging.DEBUG) as log:
yield runner.crawl(NoRequestsSpider)
self.assertNotIn("Asyncio reactor is installed", str(log))
class CrawlerProcessSubprocess(unittest.TestCase):
script_dir = os.path.join(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__)), 'CrawlerProcess')
def run_script(self, script_name):
script_path = os.path.join(self.script_dir, script_name)
args = (sys.executable, script_path)
p = subprocess.Popen(args, env=get_testenv(),
stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
stdout, stderr = p.communicate()
return stderr.decode('utf-8')
def test_simple(self):
log = self.run_script('simple.py')
self.assertIn('Spider closed (finished)', log)
self.assertNotIn("DEBUG: Asyncio reactor is installed", log)
def test_asyncio_enabled_no_reactor(self):
log = self.run_script('asyncio_enabled_no_reactor.py')
self.assertIn('Spider closed (finished)', log)
self.assertIn("DEBUG: Asyncio reactor is installed", log)
def test_asyncio_enabled_reactor(self):
log = self.run_script('asyncio_enabled_reactor.py')
self.assertIn('Spider closed (finished)', log)
self.assertIn("DEBUG: Asyncio reactor is installed", log)

83
tests/test_downloader_handlers.py
View File

@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ from scrapy.responsetypes import responsetypes
from scrapy.settings import Settings
from scrapy.utils.test import get_crawler, skip_if_no_boto
from scrapy.utils.python import to_bytes
from scrapy.exceptions import NotConfigured
from scrapy.exceptions import NotConfigured, ScrapyDeprecationWarning
from tests.mockserver import MockServer, ssl_context_factory, Echo
from tests.spiders import SingleRequestSpider
@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ class HttpTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
return self.download_request(request, Spider('foo')).addCallback(_test)
def test_payload(self):
body = b'1'*100 # PayloadResource requires body length to be 100
body = b'1'*100 # PayloadResource requires body length to be 100
request = Request(self.getURL('payload'), method='POST', body=body)
d = self.download_request(request, Spider('foo'))
d.addCallback(lambda r: r.body)
@ -695,7 +695,9 @@ class HttpProxyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
http_proxy = '%s?noconnect' % self.getURL('')
request = Request('https://example.com', meta={'proxy': http_proxy})
return self.download_request(request, Spider('foo')).addCallback(_test)
with self.assertWarnsRegex(ScrapyDeprecationWarning,
r'Using HTTPS proxies in the noconnect mode is deprecated'):
return self.download_request(request, Spider('foo')).addCallback(_test)
def test_download_without_proxy(self):
def _test(response):
@ -710,6 +712,9 @@ class HttpProxyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
class Http10ProxyTestCase(HttpProxyTestCase):
download_handler_cls = HTTP10DownloadHandler
def test_download_with_proxy_https_noconnect(self):
raise unittest.SkipTest('noconnect is not supported in HTTP10DownloadHandler')
class Http11ProxyTestCase(HttpProxyTestCase):
download_handler_cls = HTTP11DownloadHandler
@ -800,8 +805,8 @@ class S3TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
req = Request('s3://johnsmith/photos/puppy.jpg', headers={'Date': date})
with self._mocked_date(date):
httpreq = self.download_request(req, self.spider)
self.assertEqual(httpreq.headers['Authorization'], \
b'AWS 0PN5J17HBGZHT7JJ3X82:xXjDGYUmKxnwqr5KXNPGldn5LbA=')
self.assertEqual(httpreq.headers['Authorization'],
b'AWS 0PN5J17HBGZHT7JJ3X82:xXjDGYUmKxnwqr5KXNPGldn5LbA=')
def test_request_signing2(self):
# puts an object into the johnsmith bucket.
@ -813,21 +818,22 @@ class S3TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
})
with self._mocked_date(date):
httpreq = self.download_request(req, self.spider)
self.assertEqual(httpreq.headers['Authorization'], \
b'AWS 0PN5J17HBGZHT7JJ3X82:hcicpDDvL9SsO6AkvxqmIWkmOuQ=')
self.assertEqual(httpreq.headers['Authorization'],
b'AWS 0PN5J17HBGZHT7JJ3X82:hcicpDDvL9SsO6AkvxqmIWkmOuQ=')
def test_request_signing3(self):
# lists the content of the johnsmith bucket.
date = 'Tue, 27 Mar 2007 19:42:41 +0000'
req = Request('s3://johnsmith/?prefix=photos&max-keys=50&marker=puppy', \
method='GET', headers={
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0',
'Date': date,
})
req = Request(
's3://johnsmith/?prefix=photos&max-keys=50&marker=puppy',
method='GET', headers={
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0',
'Date': date,
})
with self._mocked_date(date):
httpreq = self.download_request(req, self.spider)
self.assertEqual(httpreq.headers['Authorization'], \
b'AWS 0PN5J17HBGZHT7JJ3X82:jsRt/rhG+Vtp88HrYL706QhE4w4=')
self.assertEqual(httpreq.headers['Authorization'],
b'AWS 0PN5J17HBGZHT7JJ3X82:jsRt/rhG+Vtp88HrYL706QhE4w4=')
def test_request_signing4(self):
# fetches the access control policy sub-resource for the 'johnsmith' bucket.
@ -836,8 +842,8 @@ class S3TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
method='GET', headers={'Date': date})
with self._mocked_date(date):
httpreq = self.download_request(req, self.spider)
self.assertEqual(httpreq.headers['Authorization'], \
b'AWS 0PN5J17HBGZHT7JJ3X82:thdUi9VAkzhkniLj96JIrOPGi0g=')
self.assertEqual(httpreq.headers['Authorization'],
b'AWS 0PN5J17HBGZHT7JJ3X82:thdUi9VAkzhkniLj96JIrOPGi0g=')
def test_request_signing5(self):
try:
@ -850,11 +856,11 @@ class S3TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
# deletes an object from the 'johnsmith' bucket using the
# path-style and Date alternative.
date = 'Tue, 27 Mar 2007 21:20:27 +0000'
req = Request('s3://johnsmith/photos/puppy.jpg', \
method='DELETE', headers={
'Date': date,
'x-amz-date': 'Tue, 27 Mar 2007 21:20:26 +0000',
})
req = Request(
's3://johnsmith/photos/puppy.jpg', method='DELETE', headers={
'Date': date,
'x-amz-date': 'Tue, 27 Mar 2007 21:20:26 +0000',
})
with self._mocked_date(date):
httpreq = self.download_request(req, self.spider)
# botocore does not override Date with x-amz-date
@ -864,25 +870,26 @@ class S3TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def test_request_signing6(self):
# uploads an object to a CNAME style virtual hosted bucket with metadata.
date = 'Tue, 27 Mar 2007 21:06:08 +0000'
req = Request('s3://static.johnsmith.net:8080/db-backup.dat.gz', \
method='PUT', headers={
'User-Agent': 'curl/7.15.5',
'Host': 'static.johnsmith.net:8080',
'Date': date,
'x-amz-acl': 'public-read',
'content-type': 'application/x-download',
'Content-MD5': '4gJE4saaMU4BqNR0kLY+lw==',
'X-Amz-Meta-ReviewedBy': 'joe@johnsmith.net,jane@johnsmith.net',
'X-Amz-Meta-FileChecksum': '0x02661779',
'X-Amz-Meta-ChecksumAlgorithm': 'crc32',
'Content-Disposition': 'attachment; filename=database.dat',
'Content-Encoding': 'gzip',
'Content-Length': '5913339',
})
req = Request(
's3://static.johnsmith.net:8080/db-backup.dat.gz',
method='PUT', headers={
'User-Agent': 'curl/7.15.5',
'Host': 'static.johnsmith.net:8080',
'Date': date,
'x-amz-acl': 'public-read',
'content-type': 'application/x-download',
'Content-MD5': '4gJE4saaMU4BqNR0kLY+lw==',
'X-Amz-Meta-ReviewedBy': 'joe@johnsmith.net,jane@johnsmith.net',
'X-Amz-Meta-FileChecksum': '0x02661779',
'X-Amz-Meta-ChecksumAlgorithm': 'crc32',
'Content-Disposition': 'attachment; filename=database.dat',
'Content-Encoding': 'gzip',
'Content-Length': '5913339',
})
with self._mocked_date(date):
httpreq = self.download_request(req, self.spider)
self.assertEqual(httpreq.headers['Authorization'], \
b'AWS 0PN5J17HBGZHT7JJ3X82:C0FlOtU8Ylb9KDTpZqYkZPX91iI=')
self.assertEqual(httpreq.headers['Authorization'],
b'AWS 0PN5J17HBGZHT7JJ3X82:C0FlOtU8Ylb9KDTpZqYkZPX91iI=')
def test_request_signing7(self):
# ensure that spaces are quoted properly before signing

78
tests/test_downloadermiddleware.py
View File

@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
import asyncio
from unittest import mock
from pytest import mark
from twisted.internet import defer
from twisted.internet.defer import Deferred
from twisted.trial.unittest import TestCase
from twisted.python.failure import Failure
@ -7,7 +11,7 @@ from scrapy.http import Request, Response
from scrapy.spiders import Spider
from scrapy.exceptions import _InvalidOutput
from scrapy.core.downloader.middleware import DownloaderMiddlewareManager
from scrapy.utils.test import get_crawler
from scrapy.utils.test import get_crawler, get_from_asyncio_queue
from scrapy.utils.python import to_bytes
@ -177,3 +181,75 @@ class ProcessExceptionInvalidOutput(ManagerTestCase):
dfd.addBoth(results.append)
self.assertIsInstance(results[0], Failure)
self.assertIsInstance(results[0].value, _InvalidOutput)
class MiddlewareUsingDeferreds(ManagerTestCase):
"""Middlewares using Deferreds should work"""
def test_deferred(self):
resp = Response('http://example.com/index.html')
class DeferredMiddleware:
def cb(self, result):
return result
def process_request(self, request, spider):
d = Deferred()
d.addCallback(self.cb)
d.callback(resp)
return d
self.mwman._add_middleware(DeferredMiddleware())
req = Request('http://example.com/index.html')
download_func = mock.MagicMock()
dfd = self.mwman.download(download_func, req, self.spider)
results = []
dfd.addBoth(results.append)
self._wait(dfd)
self.assertIs(results[0], resp)
self.assertFalse(download_func.called)
class MiddlewareUsingCoro(ManagerTestCase):
"""Middlewares using asyncio coroutines should work"""
def test_asyncdef(self):
resp = Response('http://example.com/index.html')
class CoroMiddleware:
async def process_request(self, request, spider):
await defer.succeed(42)
return resp
self.mwman._add_middleware(CoroMiddleware())
req = Request('http://example.com/index.html')
download_func = mock.MagicMock()
dfd = self.mwman.download(download_func, req, self.spider)
results = []
dfd.addBoth(results.append)
self._wait(dfd)
self.assertIs(results[0], resp)
self.assertFalse(download_func.called)
@mark.only_asyncio()
def test_asyncdef_asyncio(self):
resp = Response('http://example.com/index.html')
class CoroMiddleware:
async def process_request(self, request, spider):
await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
result = await get_from_asyncio_queue(resp)
return result
self.mwman._add_middleware(CoroMiddleware())
req = Request('http://example.com/index.html')
download_func = mock.MagicMock()
dfd = self.mwman.download(download_func, req, self.spider)
results = []
dfd.addBoth(results.append)
self._wait(dfd)
self.assertIs(results[0], resp)
self.assertFalse(download_func.called)

14
tests/test_downloadermiddleware_retry.py
View File

@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class MaxRetryTimesTest(unittest.TestCase):
# SETTINGS: meta(max_retry_times) = 0
meta_max_retry_times = 0
req = Request(self.invalid_url, meta={'max_retry_times': meta_max_retry_times})
self._test_retry(req, DNSLookupError('foo'), meta_max_retry_times)
@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ class MaxRetryTimesTest(unittest.TestCase):
self._test_retry(req, DNSLookupError('foo'), self.mw.max_retry_times)
def test_with_metakey_greater(self):
# SETINGS: RETRY_TIMES < meta(max_retry_times)
self.mw.max_retry_times = 2
meta_max_retry_times = 3
@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ class MaxRetryTimesTest(unittest.TestCase):
self._test_retry(req2, DNSLookupError('foo'), self.mw.max_retry_times)
def test_with_metakey_lesser(self):
# SETINGS: RETRY_TIMES > meta(max_retry_times)
self.mw.max_retry_times = 5
meta_max_retry_times = 4
@ -165,14 +165,14 @@ class MaxRetryTimesTest(unittest.TestCase):
# SETTINGS: meta(max_retry_times) = 4
meta_max_retry_times = 4
req = Request(self.invalid_url, meta= \
{'max_retry_times': meta_max_retry_times, 'dont_retry': True})
req = Request(self.invalid_url, meta={
'max_retry_times': meta_max_retry_times, 'dont_retry': True
})
self._test_retry(req, DNSLookupError('foo'), 0)
def _test_retry(self, req, exception, max_retry_times):
for i in range(0, max_retry_times):
req = self.mw.process_exception(req, exception, self.spider)
assert isinstance(req, Request)

6
tests/test_dupefilters.py
View File

@ -142,12 +142,12 @@ class RFPDupeFilterTest(unittest.TestCase):
r1 = Request('http://scrapytest.org/index.html')
r2 = Request('http://scrapytest.org/index.html')
dupefilter.log(r1, spider)
dupefilter.log(r2, spider)
assert crawler.stats.get_value('dupefilter/filtered') == 2
l.check_present(('scrapy.dupefilters', 'DEBUG',
l.check_present(('scrapy.dupefilters', 'DEBUG',
('Filtered duplicate request: <GET http://scrapytest.org/index.html>'
' - no more duplicates will be shown'
' (see DUPEFILTER_DEBUG to show all duplicates)')))
@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class RFPDupeFilterTest(unittest.TestCase):
r2 = Request('http://scrapytest.org/index.html',
headers={'Referer': 'http://scrapytest.org/INDEX.html'}
)
dupefilter.log(r1, spider)
dupefilter.log(r2, spider)

10
tests/test_engine.py
View File

@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ def start_test_site(debug=False):
port = reactor.listenTCP(0, server.Site(r), interface="127.0.0.1")
if debug:
print("Test server running at http://localhost:%d/ - hit Ctrl-C to finish." \
% port.getHost().port)
print("Test server running at http://localhost:%d/ - hit Ctrl-C to finish."
% port.getHost().port)
return port
@ -179,7 +179,6 @@ class EngineTest(unittest.TestCase):
@defer.inlineCallbacks
def test_crawler(self):
for spider in TestSpider, DictItemsSpider:
self.run = CrawlerRun(spider)
yield self.run.run()
@ -189,11 +188,15 @@ class EngineTest(unittest.TestCase):
self._assert_scraped_items()
self._assert_signals_catched()
@defer.inlineCallbacks
def test_crawler_dupefilter(self):
self.run = CrawlerRun(TestDupeFilterSpider)
yield self.run.run()
self._assert_scheduled_requests(urls_to_visit=7)
self._assert_dropped_requests()
@defer.inlineCallbacks
def test_crawler_itemerror(self):
self.run = CrawlerRun(ItemZeroDivisionErrorSpider)
yield self.run.run()
self._assert_items_error()
@ -271,7 +274,6 @@ class EngineTest(unittest.TestCase):
self.run.signals_catched[signals.spider_opened])
self.assertEqual({'spider': self.run.spider},
self.run.signals_catched[signals.spider_idle])
self.run.signals_catched[signals.spider_closed].pop('spider_stats', None) # XXX: remove for scrapy 0.17
self.assertEqual({'spider': self.run.spider, 'reason': 'finished'},
self.run.signals_catched[signals.spider_closed])

36
tests/test_http_request.py
View File

@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ class RequestTest(unittest.TestCase):
r2 = self.request_class(url="http://www.example.com/", body=b"")
assert isinstance(r2.body, bytes)
self.assertEqual(r2.encoding, 'utf-8') # default encoding
self.assertEqual(r2.encoding, 'utf-8') # default encoding
r3 = self.request_class(url="http://www.example.com/", body=u"Price: \xa3100", encoding='utf-8')
assert isinstance(r3.body, bytes)
@ -622,8 +622,9 @@ class FormRequestTest(RequestTest):
<input type="hidden" name="two" value="3">
<input type="submit" name="clickable2" value="clicked2">
</form>""")
req = self.request_class.from_response(response, formdata={'two': '2'}, \
clickdata={'name': 'clickable2'})
req = self.request_class.from_response(
response, formdata={'two': '2'}, clickdata={'name': 'clickable2'}
)
fs = _qs(req)
self.assertEqual(fs[b'clickable2'], [b'clicked2'])
self.assertFalse(b'clickable1' in fs, fs)
@ -671,8 +672,9 @@ class FormRequestTest(RequestTest):
<input type="hidden" name="one" value="clicked1">
<input type="hidden" name="two" value="clicked2">
</form>""")
req = self.request_class.from_response(response, \
clickdata={u'name': u'clickable', u'value': u'clicked2'})
req = self.request_class.from_response(
response, clickdata={u'name': u'clickable', u'value': u'clicked2'}
)
fs = _qs(req)
self.assertEqual(fs[b'clickable'], [b'clicked2'])
self.assertEqual(fs[b'one'], [b'clicked1'])
@ -686,8 +688,9 @@ class FormRequestTest(RequestTest):
<input type="hidden" name="poundsign" value="\u00a3">
<input type="hidden" name="eurosign" value="\u20ac">
</form>""")
req = self.request_class.from_response(response, \
clickdata={u'name': u'price in \u00a3'})
req = self.request_class.from_response(
response, clickdata={u'name': u'price in \u00a3'}
)
fs = _qs(req, to_unicode=True)
self.assertTrue(fs[u'price in \u00a3'])
@ -700,8 +703,9 @@ class FormRequestTest(RequestTest):
<input type="hidden" name="yensign" value="\u00a5">
</form>""",
encoding='latin1')
req = self.request_class.from_response(response, \
clickdata={u'name': u'price in \u00a5'})
req = self.request_class.from_response(
response, clickdata={u'name': u'price in \u00a5'}
)
fs = _qs(req, to_unicode=True, encoding='latin1')
self.assertTrue(fs[u'price in \u00a5'])
@ -716,8 +720,9 @@ class FormRequestTest(RequestTest):
<input type="hidden" name="field2" value="value2">
</form>
""")
req = self.request_class.from_response(response, formname='form2', \
clickdata={u'name': u'clickable'})
req = self.request_class.from_response(
response, formname='form2', clickdata={u'name': u'clickable'}
)
fs = _qs(req)
self.assertEqual(fs[b'clickable'], [b'clicked2'])
self.assertEqual(fs[b'field2'], [b'value2'])
@ -725,8 +730,9 @@ class FormRequestTest(RequestTest):
def test_from_response_override_clickable(self):
response = _buildresponse('''<form><input type="submit" name="clickme" value="one"> </form>''')
req = self.request_class.from_response(response, \
formdata={'clickme': 'two'}, clickdata={'name': 'clickme'})
req = self.request_class.from_response(
response, formdata={'clickme': 'two'}, clickdata={'name': 'clickme'}
)
fs = _qs(req)
self.assertEqual(fs[b'clickme'], [b'two'])
@ -853,7 +859,7 @@ class FormRequestTest(RequestTest):
<form name="form2" action="post.php" method="POST">
<input type="hidden" name="two" value="2">
</form>""")
self.assertRaises(IndexError, self.request_class.from_response, \
self.assertRaises(IndexError, self.request_class.from_response,
response, formname="form3", formnumber=2)
def test_from_response_formid_exists(self):
@ -907,7 +913,7 @@ class FormRequestTest(RequestTest):
<form id="form2" name="form2" action="post.php" method="POST">
<input type="hidden" name="two" value="2">
</form>""")
self.assertRaises(IndexError, self.request_class.from_response, \
self.assertRaises(IndexError, self.request_class.from_response,
response, formid="form3", formnumber=2)
def test_from_response_select(self):

4
tests/test_http_response.py
View File

@ -397,8 +397,8 @@ class TextResponseTest(BaseResponseTest):
assert u'SUFFIX' in r.text, repr(r.text)
# Do not destroy html tags due to encoding bugs
r = self.response_class("http://example.com", encoding='utf-8', \
body=b'\xf0<span>value</span>')
r = self.response_class("http://example.com", encoding='utf-8',
body=b'\xf0<span>value</span>')
assert u'<span>value</span>' in r.text, repr(r.text)
# FIXME: This test should pass once we stop using BeautifulSoup's UnicodeDammit in TextResponse

32
tests/test_linkextractors.py
View File

@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
import re
import unittest
from warnings import catch_warnings
import pytest
from scrapy.exceptions import ScrapyDeprecationWarning
from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse, XmlResponse
from scrapy.link import Link
from scrapy.linkextractors import FilteringLinkExtractor
from scrapy.linkextractors.lxmlhtml import LxmlLinkExtractor
from tests import get_testdata
@ -506,3 +509,32 @@ class LxmlLinkExtractorTestCase(Base.LinkExtractorTestCase):
@pytest.mark.xfail
def test_restrict_xpaths_with_html_entities(self):
super(LxmlLinkExtractorTestCase, self).test_restrict_xpaths_with_html_entities()
def test_filteringlinkextractor_deprecation_warning(self):
"""Make sure the FilteringLinkExtractor deprecation warning is not
issued for LxmlLinkExtractor"""
with catch_warnings(record=True) as warnings:
LxmlLinkExtractor()
self.assertEqual(len(warnings), 0)
class SubclassedLxmlLinkExtractor(LxmlLinkExtractor):
pass
SubclassedLxmlLinkExtractor()
self.assertEqual(len(warnings), 0)
class FilteringLinkExtractorTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_deprecation_warning(self):
args = [None] * 10
with catch_warnings(record=True) as warnings:
FilteringLinkExtractor(*args)
self.assertEqual(len(warnings), 1)
self.assertEqual(warnings[0].category, ScrapyDeprecationWarning)
with catch_warnings(record=True) as warnings:
class SubclassedFilteringLinkExtractor(FilteringLinkExtractor):
pass
SubclassedFilteringLinkExtractor(*args)
self.assertEqual(len(warnings), 1)
self.assertEqual(warnings[0].category, ScrapyDeprecationWarning)

1
tests/test_pipeline_files.py
View File

@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ class FilesPipelineTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
self.assertEqual(file_path(Request("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAR0AAACxCAMAAADOHZloAAACClBMVEX/\
//+F0tzCwMK76ZKQ21AMqr7oAAC96JvD5aWM2kvZ78J0N7fmAAC46Y4Ap7y")),
'full/178059cbeba2e34120a67f2dc1afc3ecc09b61cb.png')
def test_fs_store(self):
assert isinstance(self.pipeline.store, FSFilesStore)

6
tests/test_pipeline_media.py
View File

@ -238,10 +238,10 @@ class MediaPipelineTestCase(BaseMediaPipelineTestCase):
self.assertEqual(new_item['results'], [(True, rsp1), (False, fail)])
m = self.pipe._mockcalled
# only once
self.assertEqual(m[0], 'get_media_requests') # first hook called
self.assertEqual(m[0], 'get_media_requests') # first hook called
self.assertEqual(m.count('get_media_requests'), 1)
self.assertEqual(m.count('item_completed'), 1)
self.assertEqual(m[-1], 'item_completed') # last hook called
self.assertEqual(m[-1], 'item_completed') # last hook called
# twice, one per request
self.assertEqual(m.count('media_to_download'), 2)
# one to handle success and other for failure
@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ class MediaPipelineTestCase(BaseMediaPipelineTestCase):
def test_get_media_requests(self):
# returns single Request (without callback)
req = Request('http://url')
item = dict(requests=req) # pass a single item
item = dict(requests=req) # pass a single item
new_item = yield self.pipe.process_item(item, self.spider)
assert new_item is item
assert request_fingerprint(req) in self.info.downloaded

71
tests/test_pipelines.py Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
from twisted.internet import defer
from twisted.internet.defer import Deferred
from twisted.trial import unittest
from scrapy import Spider, signals, Request
from scrapy.utils.test import get_crawler
from tests.mockserver import MockServer
class SimplePipeline:
def process_item(self, item, spider):
item['pipeline_passed'] = True
return item
class DeferredPipeline:
def cb(self, item):
item['pipeline_passed'] = True
return item
def process_item(self, item, spider):
d = Deferred()
d.addCallback(self.cb)
d.callback(item)
return d
class ItemSpider(Spider):
name = 'itemspider'
def start_requests(self):
yield Request(self.mockserver.url('/status?n=200'))
def parse(self, response):
return {'field': 42}
class PipelineTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.mockserver = MockServer()
self.mockserver.__enter__()
def tearDown(self):
self.mockserver.__exit__(None, None, None)
def _on_item_scraped(self, item):
self.assertIsInstance(item, dict)
self.assertTrue(item.get('pipeline_passed'))
self.items.append(item)
def _create_crawler(self, pipeline_class):
settings = {
'ITEM_PIPELINES': {__name__ + '.' + pipeline_class.__name__: 1},
}
crawler = get_crawler(ItemSpider, settings)
crawler.signals.connect(self._on_item_scraped, signals.item_scraped)
self.items = []
return crawler
@defer.inlineCallbacks
def test_simple_pipeline(self):
crawler = self._create_crawler(SimplePipeline)
yield crawler.crawl(mockserver=self.mockserver)
self.assertEqual(len(self.items), 1)
@defer.inlineCallbacks
def test_deferred_pipeline(self):
crawler = self._create_crawler(DeferredPipeline)
yield crawler.crawl(mockserver=self.mockserver)
self.assertEqual(len(self.items), 1)

26
tests/test_proxy_connect.py
View File

@ -108,32 +108,6 @@ class ProxyConnectTestCase(TestCase):
echo = json.loads(crawler.spider.meta['responses'][0].text)
self.assertTrue('Proxy-Authorization' not in echo['headers'])
# The noconnect mode isn't supported by the current mitmproxy, it returns
# "Invalid request scheme: https" as it doesn't seem to support full URLs in GET at all,
# and it's not clear what behavior is intended by Scrapy and by mitmproxy here.
# https://github.com/mitmproxy/mitmproxy/issues/848 may be related.
# The Scrapy noconnect mode was required, at least in the past, to work with Crawlera,
# and https://github.com/scrapy-plugins/scrapy-crawlera/pull/44 seems to be related.
@pytest.mark.xfail(reason='mitmproxy gives an error for noconnect requests')
@defer.inlineCallbacks
def test_https_noconnect(self):
proxy = os.environ['https_proxy']
os.environ['https_proxy'] = proxy + '?noconnect'
crawler = get_crawler(SimpleSpider)
with LogCapture() as l:
yield crawler.crawl(self.mockserver.url("/status?n=200", is_secure=True))
self._assert_got_response_code(200, l)
@pytest.mark.xfail(reason='mitmproxy gives an error for noconnect requests')
@defer.inlineCallbacks
def test_https_noconnect_auth_error(self):
os.environ['https_proxy'] = _wrong_credentials(os.environ['https_proxy']) + '?noconnect'
crawler = get_crawler(SimpleSpider)
with LogCapture() as l:
yield crawler.crawl(self.mockserver.url("/status?n=200", is_secure=True))
self._assert_got_response_code(407, l)
def _assert_got_response_code(self, code, log):
print(log)
self.assertEqual(str(log).count('Crawled (%d)' % code), 1)

2
tests/test_robotstxt_interface.py
View File

@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class BaseRobotParserTest:
def test_allowed_wildcards(self):
robotstxt_robotstxt_body = """User-agent: first
Disallow: /disallowed/*/end$
Disallow: /disallowed/*/end$
User-agent: second
Allow: /*allowed

2
tests/test_spidermiddleware_offsite.py
View File

@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class TestOffsiteMiddleware4(TestOffsiteMiddleware3):
class TestOffsiteMiddleware5(TestOffsiteMiddleware4):
def test_get_host_regex(self):
self.spider.allowed_domains = ['http://scrapytest.org', 'scrapy.org', 'scrapy.test.org']
with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:

8
tests/test_spidermiddleware_output_chain.py
View File

@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class GeneratorFailMiddleware:
r['processed'].append('{}.process_spider_output'.format(self.__class__.__name__))
yield r
raise LookupError()
def process_spider_exception(self, response, exception, spider):
method = '{}.process_spider_exception'.format(self.__class__.__name__)
spider.logger.info('%s: %s caught', method, exception.__class__.__name__)
@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ class TestSpiderMiddleware(TestCase):
@classmethod
def tearDownClass(cls):
cls.mockserver.__exit__(None, None, None)
@defer.inlineCallbacks
def crawl_log(self, spider):
crawler = get_crawler(spider)
@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ class TestSpiderMiddleware(TestCase):
self.assertIn("{'from': 'errback'}", str(log1))
self.assertNotIn("{'from': 'callback'}", str(log1))
self.assertIn("'item_scraped_count': 1", str(log1))
@defer.inlineCallbacks
def test_generator_callback(self):
"""
@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ class TestSpiderMiddleware(TestCase):
log2 = yield self.crawl_log(GeneratorCallbackSpider)
self.assertIn("Middleware: ImportError exception caught", str(log2))
self.assertIn("'item_scraped_count': 2", str(log2))
@defer.inlineCallbacks
def test_not_a_generator_callback(self):
"""

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