diff --git a/scrapy/utils/decorators.py b/scrapy/utils/decorators.py
index 4960dc27a..2924c81f9 100644
--- a/scrapy/utils/decorators.py
+++ b/scrapy/utils/decorators.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from twisted.internet.defer import Deferred, maybeDeferred
 from scrapy.exceptions import ScrapyDeprecationWarning
 from scrapy.utils.asyncio import run_in_thread
 from scrapy.utils.defer import deferred_from_coro
+from scrapy.utils.python import _signature
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Callable, Coroutine
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ def _warn_spider_arg(
 ):
     """Decorator to warn if a ``spider`` argument is passed to a function."""
 
-    sig = inspect.signature(func)
+    sig = _signature(func)
 
     def check_args(*args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> None:
         bound = sig.bind(*args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/scrapy/utils/python.py b/scrapy/utils/python.py
index 8a7517c1d..40fc05257 100644
--- a/scrapy/utils/python.py
+++ b/scrapy/utils/python.py
@@ -178,11 +178,30 @@ def binary_is_text(data: bytes) -> bool:
     return all(c not in _BINARYCHARS for c in data)
 
 
+# PEP 649 (Python 3.14+) made annotation evaluation lazy, so inspect.signature()
+# can raise NameError for names imported only under TYPE_CHECKING. We only need
+# parameter names, kinds and defaults, so leave such annotations as ForwardRefs.
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 14):
+    from annotationlib import Format
+
+    def _signature(func: Callable[..., Any]) -> inspect.Signature:
+        return inspect.signature(func, annotation_format=Format.FORWARDREF)
+
+else:
+
+    def _signature(func: Callable[..., Any]) -> inspect.Signature:
+        return inspect.signature(func)
+
+
 def get_func_args_dict(
     func: Callable[..., Any], stripself: bool = False
 ) -> Mapping[str, inspect.Parameter]:
     """Return the argument dict of a callable object.
 
+    Annotations are not evaluated, so on Python 3.14 and later the ``annotation``
+    attribute of the returned parameters may be a ``ForwardRef`` instead of the
+    resolved type.
+
     .. versionadded:: 2.14
     """
     if not callable(func):
@@ -190,7 +209,7 @@ def get_func_args_dict(
 
     args: Mapping[str, inspect.Parameter]
     try:
-        sig = inspect.signature(func)
+        sig = _signature(func)
     except ValueError:
         return {}
 
diff --git a/tests/test_utils_decorators.py b/tests/test_utils_decorators.py
index 807294a57..4c29d2917 100644
--- a/tests/test_utils_decorators.py
+++ b/tests/test_utils_decorators.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import sys
 import warnings
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 import pytest
 from twisted.internet.defer import Deferred
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ from scrapy.utils.defer import maybe_deferred_to_future
 from tests.utils.decorators import coroutine_test
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator
+    from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Callable
 
 
 class TestDeprecated:
@@ -77,6 +78,31 @@ class TestWarnSpiderArg:
         ):
             assert parse("response", spider="spider") == "response"
 
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        sys.version_info < (3, 14),
+        reason="annotations are only lazily evaluated since Python 3.14 (PEP 649)",
+    )
+    def test_sync_warns_with_unresolvable_annotations(self):
+        # dont_inherit=True, or the module's future import stringizes the annotations
+        namespace: dict[str, Any] = {}
+        exec(  # pylint: disable=exec-used
+            compile(
+                "def parse(response: OnlyAtTypeCheckingTime,"
+                " spider: OnlyAtTypeCheckingTime | None = None): return response",
+                "<test>",
+                "exec",
+                dont_inherit=True,
+            ),
+            namespace,
+        )
+        parse_func: Callable[..., str] = namespace["parse"]
+        parse = _warn_spider_arg(parse_func)
+
+        with pytest.warns(
+            ScrapyDeprecationWarning, match=r"Passing a 'spider' argument"
+        ):
+            assert parse("response", spider="spider") == "response"
+
     def test_sync_no_warning_without_spider_arg(self):
         @_warn_spider_arg
         def parse(response: str, spider: str | None = None) -> str:
diff --git a/tests/test_utils_python.py b/tests/test_utils_python.py
index c3b5dfc99..099b5ccc2 100644
--- a/tests/test_utils_python.py
+++ b/tests/test_utils_python.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import functools
 import operator
 import platform
 import sys
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, TypeVar
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, TypeVar
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -190,6 +190,25 @@ def test_get_func_args():
         ]
 
 
+@pytest.mark.skipif(
+    sys.version_info < (3, 14),
+    reason="annotations are only lazily evaluated since Python 3.14 (PEP 649)",
+)
+def test_get_func_args_unresolvable_annotations():
+    # dont_inherit=True, or the module's future import stringizes the annotations
+    namespace: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    exec(  # pylint: disable=exec-used
+        compile(
+            "def f(a: OnlyAtTypeCheckingTime, b: int = 1) -> OnlyAtTypeCheckingTime: pass",
+            "<test>",
+            "exec",
+            dont_inherit=True,
+        ),
+        namespace,
+    )
+    assert get_func_args(namespace["f"]) == ["a", "b"]
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     ("value", "expected"),
     [