diff --git a/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/ftp.py b/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/ftp.py
index 6258067c1..cd78faa73 100644
--- a/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/ftp.py
+++ b/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/ftp.py
@@ -119,7 +119,9 @@ class FTPDownloadHandler(BaseDownloadHandler):
                 httpcode = self.CODE_MAPPING.get(ftpcode, self.CODE_MAPPING["default"])
                 return Response(url=request.url, status=httpcode, body=message.encode())
             raise
-        protocol.close()
+        finally:
+            protocol.close()
+            client.transport.loseConnection()
         headers = {"local filename": protocol.filename or b"", "size": protocol.size}
         body = protocol.filename or protocol.body.read()
         respcls = responsetypes.from_args(url=request.url, body=body)
diff --git a/tests/test_downloader_handler_twisted_ftp.py b/tests/test_downloader_handler_twisted_ftp.py
index 489b70e74..41d917ccd 100644
--- a/tests/test_downloader_handler_twisted_ftp.py
+++ b/tests/test_downloader_handler_twisted_ftp.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 import pytest
 from pytest_twisted import async_yield_fixture
 from twisted.cred import checkers, credentials, portal
+from twisted.internet import defer
 
 from scrapy import Spider
 from scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.ftp import FTPDownloadHandler
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ from scrapy.utils.python import to_bytes
 from scrapy.utils.test import get_crawler
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Generator
+    from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Callable, Generator
 
     from twisted.protocols.ftp import FTPFactory
 
@@ -31,6 +32,46 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 pytestmark = pytest.mark.requires_reactor  # FTPDownloadHandler requires a reactor
 
 
+class _FakeTransport:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.closed = False
+
+    def loseConnection(self) -> None:
+        self.closed = True
+
+
+class _FakeFTPClient:
+    def __init__(self, retrieve_result: Callable[[Any], defer.Deferred[Any]]):
+        self.retrieve_result = retrieve_result
+        self.transport = _FakeTransport()
+        self.protocol: Any = None
+        self.filepath: str | None = None
+        self.host: str | None = None
+        self.port: int | None = None
+
+    def retrieveFile(self, filepath: str, protocol: Any) -> defer.Deferred[Any]:
+        self.filepath = filepath
+        self.protocol = protocol
+        return self.retrieve_result(protocol)
+
+
+def _patch_client_creator(
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, client: _FakeFTPClient
+) -> None:
+    class FakeClientCreator:
+        def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+            pass
+
+        def connectTCP(self, host: str | None, port: int) -> defer.Deferred[Any]:
+            client.host = host
+            client.port = port
+            return defer.succeed(client)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        "scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.ftp.ClientCreator", FakeClientCreator
+    )
+
+
 class TestFTPBase(ABC):
     username = "scrapy"
     password = "passwd"
@@ -148,6 +189,52 @@ class TestFTPBase(ABC):
         r = await dh.download_request(request)
         assert type(r) is response_class  # pylint: disable=unidiomatic-typecheck
 
+    @deferred_f_from_coro_f
+    async def test_ftp_download_closes_client_connection(
+        self, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, dh: FTPDownloadHandler
+    ) -> None:
+        def retrieve_file(protocol: Any) -> defer.Deferred[None]:
+            protocol.dataReceived(b"I have the power!")
+            return defer.succeed(None)
+
+        client = _FakeFTPClient(retrieve_file)
+        _patch_client_creator(monkeypatch, client)
+        request = Request(url="ftp://example.com/file.txt", meta=self.req_meta)
+
+        r = await dh.download_request(request)
+
+        assert r.status == 200
+        assert r.body == b"I have the power!"
+        assert client.filepath == "/file.txt"
+        assert client.transport.closed is True
+
+    @deferred_f_from_coro_f
+    async def test_ftp_download_closes_resources_after_command_failed(
+        self,
+        tmp_path: Path,
+        monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+        dh: FTPDownloadHandler,
+    ) -> None:
+        from twisted.protocols.ftp import CommandFailed
+
+        def retrieve_file(protocol: Any) -> defer.Deferred[None]:
+            protocol.dataReceived(b"partial")
+            return defer.fail(CommandFailed(["550 missing.txt"]))
+
+        local_path = tmp_path / "partial.txt"
+        client = _FakeFTPClient(retrieve_file)
+        _patch_client_creator(monkeypatch, client)
+        meta = {"ftp_local_filename": to_bytes(str(local_path))}
+        meta.update(self.req_meta)
+        request = Request(url="ftp://example.com/missing.txt", meta=meta)
+
+        r = await dh.download_request(request)
+
+        assert r.status == 404
+        assert r.body == b"['550 missing.txt']"
+        assert client.protocol.body.closed is True
+        assert client.transport.closed is True
+
 
 class TestFTP(TestFTPBase):
     def _create_files(self, root: Path) -> None: