diff --git a/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/ftp.py b/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/ftp.py
index fafecc1a8..2b22465e0 100644
--- a/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/ftp.py
+++ b/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/ftp.py
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class ReceivedDataProtocol(Protocol):
 _CODE_RE = re.compile(r"\d+")
 
 
-class FTPDownloadHandler(object):
+class FTPDownloadHandler:
     lazy = False
 
     CODE_MAPPING = {
@@ -71,14 +71,14 @@ class FTPDownloadHandler(object):
         "default": 503,
     }
 
-    def __init__(self, crawler):
-        self.default_user = crawler.settings['FTP_USER']
-        self.default_password = crawler.settings['FTP_PASSWORD']
-        self.passive_mode = crawler.settings['FTP_PASSIVE_MODE']
+    def __init__(self, settings, crawler=None):
+        self.default_user = settings['FTP_USER']
+        self.default_password = settings['FTP_PASSWORD']
+        self.passive_mode = settings['FTP_PASSIVE_MODE']
 
     @classmethod
     def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
-        return cls(crawler)
+        return cls(crawler.settings, crawler)
 
     def download_request(self, request, spider):
         parsed_url = urlparse_cached(request)
diff --git a/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/http10.py b/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/http10.py
index ce0801bcc..51c0acd1b 100644
--- a/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/http10.py
+++ b/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/http10.py
@@ -6,18 +6,18 @@ from scrapy.utils.misc import load_object, create_instance
 from scrapy.utils.python import to_unicode
 
 
-class HTTP10DownloadHandler(object):
+class HTTP10DownloadHandler:
     lazy = False
 
-    def __init__(self, crawler):
+    def __init__(self, settings, crawler=None):
         self.HTTPClientFactory = load_object(crawler.settings['DOWNLOADER_HTTPCLIENTFACTORY'])
         self.ClientContextFactory = load_object(crawler.settings['DOWNLOADER_CLIENTCONTEXTFACTORY'])
+        self._settings = settings
         self._crawler = crawler
-        self._settings = crawler.settings
 
     @classmethod
     def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
-        return cls(crawler)
+        return cls(crawler.settings, crawler)
 
     def download_request(self, request, spider):
         """Return a deferred for the HTTP download"""
diff --git a/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/http11.py b/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/http11.py
index 691937e97..25dc287df 100644
--- a/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/http11.py
+++ b/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/http11.py
@@ -28,12 +28,10 @@ from scrapy.utils.python import to_bytes, to_unicode
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-class HTTP11DownloadHandler(object):
+class HTTP11DownloadHandler:
     lazy = False
 
-    def __init__(self, crawler):
-        settings = crawler.settings
-
+    def __init__(self, settings, crawler=None):
         self._pool = HTTPConnectionPool(reactor, persistent=True)
         self._pool.maxPersistentPerHost = settings.getint('CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN')
         self._pool._factory.noisy = False
@@ -68,7 +66,7 @@ class HTTP11DownloadHandler(object):
 
     @classmethod
     def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
-        return cls(crawler)
+        return cls(crawler.settings, crawler)
 
     def download_request(self, request, spider):
         """Return a deferred for the HTTP download"""
diff --git a/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/s3.py b/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/s3.py
index b35b59f3a..93cad0662 100644
--- a/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/s3.py
+++ b/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/s3.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ from scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.http import HTTPDownloadHandler
 from scrapy.exceptions import NotConfigured
 from scrapy.utils.boto import is_botocore
 from scrapy.utils.httpobj import urlparse_cached
+from scrapy.utils.misc import create_instance
 
 
 def _get_boto_connection():
@@ -30,14 +31,15 @@ def _get_boto_connection():
     return _S3Connection
 
 
-class S3DownloadHandler(object):
+class S3DownloadHandler:
 
-    def __init__(self, crawler, aws_access_key_id=None, aws_secret_access_key=None,
+    def __init__(self, settings, crawler=None,
+                 aws_access_key_id=None, aws_secret_access_key=None,
                  httpdownloadhandler=HTTPDownloadHandler, **kw):
         if not aws_access_key_id:
-            aws_access_key_id = crawler.settings['AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID']
+            aws_access_key_id = settings['AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID']
         if not aws_secret_access_key:
-            aws_secret_access_key = crawler.settings['AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY']
+            aws_secret_access_key = settings['AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY']
 
         # If no credentials could be found anywhere,
         # consider this an anonymous connection request by default;
@@ -66,11 +68,12 @@ class S3DownloadHandler(object):
             except Exception as ex:
                 raise NotConfigured(str(ex))
 
-        self._download_http = httpdownloadhandler(crawler).download_request
+        _http_handler = create_instance(httpdownloadhandler, settings, crawler)
+        self._download_http = _http_handler.download_request
 
     @classmethod
     def from_crawler(cls, crawler, *args, **kwargs):
-        return cls(crawler, *args, **kwargs)
+        return cls(crawler.settings, crawler, *args, **kwargs)
 
     def download_request(self, request, spider):
         p = urlparse_cached(request)
diff --git a/tests/test_downloader_handlers.py b/tests/test_downloader_handlers.py
index b66b8151e..218360709 100644
--- a/tests/test_downloader_handlers.py
+++ b/tests/test_downloader_handlers.py
@@ -751,9 +751,7 @@ class Http11ProxyTestCase(HttpProxyTestCase):
         self.assertIn(domain, timeout.osError)
 
 
-class HttpDownloadHandlerMock(object):
-    def __init__(self, settings, crawler):
-        pass
+class HttpDownloadHandlerMock:
 
     def download_request(self, request, spider):
         return request