diff --git a/.coveragerc b/.coveragerc
index ad0ee0f6c..f9ad353d5 100644
--- a/.coveragerc
+++ b/.coveragerc
@@ -4,3 +4,9 @@ include = scrapy/*
 omit =
   tests/*
 disable_warnings = include-ignored
+
+[report]
+# https://github.com/nedbat/coveragepy/issues/831#issuecomment-517778185
+exclude_lines =
+    pragma: no cover
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
diff --git a/scrapy/core/downloader/contextfactory.py b/scrapy/core/downloader/contextfactory.py
index dba4d8cdc..6a82634f1 100644
--- a/scrapy/core/downloader/contextfactory.py
+++ b/scrapy/core/downloader/contextfactory.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import warnings
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, List, Optional
 
@@ -25,6 +27,9 @@ from scrapy.utils.misc import build_from_crawler, load_object
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from twisted.internet._sslverify import ClientTLSOptions
 
+    # typing.Self requires Python 3.11
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+
 
 @implementer(IPolicyForHTTPS)
 class ScrapyClientContextFactory(BrowserLikePolicyForHTTPS):
@@ -62,7 +67,7 @@ class ScrapyClientContextFactory(BrowserLikePolicyForHTTPS):
         method: int = SSL.SSLv23_METHOD,
         *args: Any,
         **kwargs: Any,
-    ):
+    ) -> Self:
         tls_verbose_logging: bool = settings.getbool(
             "DOWNLOADER_CLIENT_TLS_VERBOSE_LOGGING"
         )
diff --git a/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/ftp.py b/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/ftp.py
index 4081545ce..69add8558 100644
--- a/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/ftp.py
+++ b/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/ftp.py
@@ -28,18 +28,26 @@ In case of status 200 request, response.headers will come with two keys:
     'Size' - with size of the downloaded data
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import re
 from io import BytesIO
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from urllib.parse import unquote
 
 from twisted.internet.protocol import ClientCreator, Protocol
 from twisted.protocols.ftp import CommandFailed, FTPClient
 
+from scrapy.crawler import Crawler
 from scrapy.http import Response
 from scrapy.responsetypes import responsetypes
 from scrapy.utils.httpobj import urlparse_cached
 from scrapy.utils.python import to_bytes
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # typing.Self requires Python 3.11
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+
 
 class ReceivedDataProtocol(Protocol):
     def __init__(self, filename=None):
@@ -76,7 +84,7 @@ class FTPDownloadHandler:
         self.passive_mode = settings["FTP_PASSIVE_MODE"]
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
+    def from_crawler(cls, crawler: Crawler) -> Self:
         return cls(crawler.settings)
 
     def download_request(self, request, spider):
diff --git a/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/http10.py b/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/http10.py
index d168c2b2e..256dc36a1 100644
--- a/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/http10.py
+++ b/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/http10.py
@@ -1,9 +1,17 @@
 """Download handlers for http and https schemes
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
 from scrapy.utils.misc import build_from_crawler, load_object
 from scrapy.utils.python import to_unicode
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # typing.Self requires Python 3.11
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+
 
 class HTTP10DownloadHandler:
     lazy = False
@@ -17,7 +25,7 @@ class HTTP10DownloadHandler:
         self._crawler = crawler
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
+    def from_crawler(cls, crawler) -> Self:
         return cls(crawler.settings, crawler)
 
     def download_request(self, request, spider):
diff --git a/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/http11.py b/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/http11.py
index c3704de3d..15f8abc64 100644
--- a/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/http11.py
+++ b/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/http11.py
@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 """Download handlers for http and https schemes"""
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import ipaddress
 import logging
 import re
 from contextlib import suppress
 from io import BytesIO
 from time import time
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from urllib.parse import urldefrag, urlunparse
 
 from twisted.internet import defer, protocol, ssl
@@ -32,6 +35,11 @@ from scrapy.http import Headers
 from scrapy.responsetypes import responsetypes
 from scrapy.utils.python import to_bytes, to_unicode
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # typing.Self requires Python 3.11
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+
+
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
@@ -56,7 +64,7 @@ class HTTP11DownloadHandler:
         self._disconnect_timeout = 1
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
+    def from_crawler(cls, crawler) -> Self:
         return cls(crawler.settings, crawler)
 
     def download_request(self, request, spider):
diff --git a/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/http2.py b/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/http2.py
index b2579362c..e9a6b6fa3 100644
--- a/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/http2.py
+++ b/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/http2.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from time import time
-from typing import Optional, Type, TypeVar
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
 from urllib.parse import urldefrag
 
 from twisted.internet.base import DelayedCall
@@ -16,9 +18,9 @@ from scrapy.settings import Settings
 from scrapy.spiders import Spider
 from scrapy.utils.python import to_bytes
 
-H2DownloadHandlerOrSubclass = TypeVar(
-    "H2DownloadHandlerOrSubclass", bound="H2DownloadHandler"
-)
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # typing.Self requires Python 3.11
+    from typing_extensions import Self
 
 
 class H2DownloadHandler:
@@ -31,9 +33,7 @@ class H2DownloadHandler:
         self._context_factory = load_context_factory_from_settings(settings, crawler)
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_crawler(
-        cls: Type[H2DownloadHandlerOrSubclass], crawler: Crawler
-    ) -> H2DownloadHandlerOrSubclass:
+    def from_crawler(cls, crawler: Crawler) -> Self:
         return cls(crawler.settings, crawler)
 
     def download_request(self, request: Request, spider: Spider) -> Deferred:
diff --git a/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/s3.py b/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/s3.py
index 1f7533759..99fbb49ce 100644
--- a/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/s3.py
+++ b/scrapy/core/downloader/handlers/s3.py
@@ -1,9 +1,17 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
 from scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.http import HTTPDownloadHandler
 from scrapy.exceptions import NotConfigured
 from scrapy.utils.boto import is_botocore_available
 from scrapy.utils.httpobj import urlparse_cached
 from scrapy.utils.misc import build_from_crawler
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # typing.Self requires Python 3.11
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+
 
 class S3DownloadHandler:
     def __init__(
@@ -57,7 +65,7 @@ class S3DownloadHandler:
         self._download_http = _http_handler.download_request
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_crawler(cls, crawler, **kwargs):
+    def from_crawler(cls, crawler, **kwargs) -> Self:
         return cls(crawler.settings, crawler=crawler, **kwargs)
 
     def download_request(self, request, spider):
diff --git a/scrapy/http/request/__init__.py b/scrapy/http/request/__init__.py
index 6269ee86a..191b3cef4 100644
--- a/scrapy/http/request/__init__.py
+++ b/scrapy/http/request/__init__.py
@@ -5,8 +5,11 @@ requests in Scrapy.
 See documentation in docs/topics/request-response.rst
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import inspect
 from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
     AnyStr,
     Callable,
@@ -17,8 +20,6 @@ from typing import (
     NoReturn,
     Optional,
     Tuple,
-    Type,
-    TypeVar,
     Union,
     cast,
 )
@@ -32,7 +33,9 @@ from scrapy.utils.python import to_bytes
 from scrapy.utils.trackref import object_ref
 from scrapy.utils.url import escape_ajax
 
-RequestTypeVar = TypeVar("RequestTypeVar", bound="Request")
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # typing.Self requires Python 3.11
+    from typing_extensions import Self
 
 
 def NO_CALLBACK(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> NoReturn:
@@ -186,11 +189,11 @@ class Request(object_ref):
 
     @classmethod
     def from_curl(
-        cls: Type[RequestTypeVar],
+        cls,
         curl_command: str,
         ignore_unknown_options: bool = True,
         **kwargs: Any,
-    ) -> RequestTypeVar:
+    ) -> Self:
         """Create a Request object from a string containing a `cURL
         <https://curl.haxx.se/>`_ command. It populates the HTTP method, the
         URL, the headers, the cookies and the body. It accepts the same
diff --git a/scrapy/pipelines/files.py b/scrapy/pipelines/files.py
index d04218089..d00f44502 100644
--- a/scrapy/pipelines/files.py
+++ b/scrapy/pipelines/files.py
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ Files Pipeline
 See documentation in topics/media-pipeline.rst
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import base64
 import functools
 import hashlib
@@ -16,7 +18,7 @@ from ftplib import FTP
 from io import BytesIO
 from os import PathLike
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import IO, DefaultDict, Optional, Set, Union
+from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, DefaultDict, Optional, Set, Type, Union, cast
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 from itemadapter import ItemAdapter
@@ -34,6 +36,10 @@ from scrapy.utils.log import failure_to_exc_info
 from scrapy.utils.python import to_bytes
 from scrapy.utils.request import referer_str
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # typing.Self requires Python 3.11
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
@@ -385,8 +391,8 @@ class FilesPipeline(MediaPipeline):
         super().__init__(download_func=download_func, settings=settings)
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_settings(cls, settings):
-        s3store = cls.STORE_SCHEMES["s3"]
+    def from_settings(cls, settings) -> Self:
+        s3store: Type[S3FilesStore] = cast(Type[S3FilesStore], cls.STORE_SCHEMES["s3"])
         s3store.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = settings["AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"]
         s3store.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = settings["AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"]
         s3store.AWS_SESSION_TOKEN = settings["AWS_SESSION_TOKEN"]
@@ -396,11 +402,15 @@ class FilesPipeline(MediaPipeline):
         s3store.AWS_VERIFY = settings["AWS_VERIFY"]
         s3store.POLICY = settings["FILES_STORE_S3_ACL"]
 
-        gcs_store = cls.STORE_SCHEMES["gs"]
+        gcs_store: Type[GCSFilesStore] = cast(
+            Type[GCSFilesStore], cls.STORE_SCHEMES["gs"]
+        )
         gcs_store.GCS_PROJECT_ID = settings["GCS_PROJECT_ID"]
         gcs_store.POLICY = settings["FILES_STORE_GCS_ACL"] or None
 
-        ftp_store = cls.STORE_SCHEMES["ftp"]
+        ftp_store: Type[FTPFilesStore] = cast(
+            Type[FTPFilesStore], cls.STORE_SCHEMES["ftp"]
+        )
         ftp_store.FTP_USERNAME = settings["FTP_USER"]
         ftp_store.FTP_PASSWORD = settings["FTP_PASSWORD"]
         ftp_store.USE_ACTIVE_MODE = settings.getbool("FEED_STORAGE_FTP_ACTIVE")
diff --git a/scrapy/pipelines/images.py b/scrapy/pipelines/images.py
index 137aa7a9a..e7ef06fb3 100644
--- a/scrapy/pipelines/images.py
+++ b/scrapy/pipelines/images.py
@@ -4,25 +4,38 @@ Images Pipeline
 See documentation in topics/media-pipeline.rst
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import functools
 import hashlib
 import warnings
 from contextlib import suppress
 from io import BytesIO
 from os import PathLike
-from typing import Dict, Tuple, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, Tuple, Type, Union, cast
 
 from itemadapter import ItemAdapter
 
 from scrapy.exceptions import DropItem, NotConfigured, ScrapyDeprecationWarning
 from scrapy.http import Request
 from scrapy.http.request import NO_CALLBACK
-from scrapy.pipelines.files import FileException, FilesPipeline, _md5sum
+from scrapy.pipelines.files import (
+    FileException,
+    FilesPipeline,
+    FTPFilesStore,
+    GCSFilesStore,
+    S3FilesStore,
+    _md5sum,
+)
 
 # TODO: from scrapy.pipelines.media import MediaPipeline
 from scrapy.settings import Settings
 from scrapy.utils.python import get_func_args, to_bytes
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # typing.Self requires Python 3.11
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+
 
 class NoimagesDrop(DropItem):
     """Product with no images exception"""
@@ -96,8 +109,8 @@ class ImagesPipeline(FilesPipeline):
         self._deprecated_convert_image = None
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_settings(cls, settings):
-        s3store = cls.STORE_SCHEMES["s3"]
+    def from_settings(cls, settings) -> Self:
+        s3store: Type[S3FilesStore] = cast(Type[S3FilesStore], cls.STORE_SCHEMES["s3"])
         s3store.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID = settings["AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID"]
         s3store.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY = settings["AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"]
         s3store.AWS_SESSION_TOKEN = settings["AWS_SESSION_TOKEN"]
@@ -107,11 +120,15 @@ class ImagesPipeline(FilesPipeline):
         s3store.AWS_VERIFY = settings["AWS_VERIFY"]
         s3store.POLICY = settings["IMAGES_STORE_S3_ACL"]
 
-        gcs_store = cls.STORE_SCHEMES["gs"]
+        gcs_store: Type[GCSFilesStore] = cast(
+            Type[GCSFilesStore], cls.STORE_SCHEMES["gs"]
+        )
         gcs_store.GCS_PROJECT_ID = settings["GCS_PROJECT_ID"]
         gcs_store.POLICY = settings["IMAGES_STORE_GCS_ACL"] or None
 
-        ftp_store = cls.STORE_SCHEMES["ftp"]
+        ftp_store: Type[FTPFilesStore] = cast(
+            Type[FTPFilesStore], cls.STORE_SCHEMES["ftp"]
+        )
         ftp_store.FTP_USERNAME = settings["FTP_USER"]
         ftp_store.FTP_PASSWORD = settings["FTP_PASSWORD"]
         ftp_store.USE_ACTIVE_MODE = settings.getbool("FEED_STORAGE_FTP_ACTIVE")
diff --git a/scrapy/pipelines/media.py b/scrapy/pipelines/media.py
index fc156ab41..fd5e70cb9 100644
--- a/scrapy/pipelines/media.py
+++ b/scrapy/pipelines/media.py
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import functools
 import logging
 from collections import defaultdict
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from twisted.internet.defer import Deferred, DeferredList
 from twisted.python.failure import Failure
@@ -12,6 +15,11 @@ from scrapy.utils.defer import defer_result, mustbe_deferred
 from scrapy.utils.log import failure_to_exc_info
 from scrapy.utils.misc import arg_to_iter
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # typing.Self requires Python 3.11
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+
+
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
@@ -67,9 +75,9 @@ class MediaPipeline:
         return formatted_key
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
+    def from_crawler(cls, crawler) -> Self:
         try:
-            pipe = cls.from_settings(crawler.settings)
+            pipe = cls.from_settings(crawler.settings)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
         except AttributeError:
             pipe = cls()
         pipe.crawler = crawler
diff --git a/scrapy/spiders/crawl.py b/scrapy/spiders/crawl.py
index 2a3913da5..ba8b7b366 100644
--- a/scrapy/spiders/crawl.py
+++ b/scrapy/spiders/crawl.py
@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@ for scraping typical web sites that requires crawling pages.
 See documentation in docs/topics/spiders.rst
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import copy
-from typing import AsyncIterable, Awaitable, Sequence
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, AsyncIterable, Awaitable, Sequence
 
 from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse, Request, Response
 from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
@@ -14,6 +16,10 @@ from scrapy.spiders import Spider
 from scrapy.utils.asyncgen import collect_asyncgen
 from scrapy.utils.spider import iterate_spider_output
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # typing.Self requires Python 3.11
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+
 
 def _identity(x):
     return x
@@ -140,9 +146,9 @@ class CrawlSpider(Spider):
             self._rules[-1]._compile(self)
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_crawler(cls, crawler, *args, **kwargs):
+    def from_crawler(cls, crawler, *args, **kwargs) -> Self:
         spider = super().from_crawler(crawler, *args, **kwargs)
-        spider._follow_links = crawler.settings.getbool(
+        spider._follow_links = crawler.settings.getbool(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
             "CRAWLSPIDER_FOLLOW_LINKS", True
         )
         return spider
diff --git a/scrapy/spiders/sitemap.py b/scrapy/spiders/sitemap.py
index cd83a1464..f0e630c42 100644
--- a/scrapy/spiders/sitemap.py
+++ b/scrapy/spiders/sitemap.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import logging
 import re
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ class SitemapSpider(Spider):
     _warn_size: int
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_crawler(cls, crawler: "Crawler", *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> "Self":
+    def from_crawler(cls, crawler: Crawler, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Self:
         spider = super().from_crawler(crawler, *args, **kwargs)
         spider._max_size = getattr(
             spider, "download_maxsize", spider.settings.getint("DOWNLOAD_MAXSIZE")
diff --git a/scrapy/utils/request.py b/scrapy/utils/request.py
index 1f07d58eb..c86f9fe39 100644
--- a/scrapy/utils/request.py
+++ b/scrapy/utils/request.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ This module provides some useful functions for working with
 scrapy.http.Request objects
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import hashlib
 import json
 import warnings
@@ -32,6 +34,9 @@ from scrapy.utils.misc import load_object
 from scrapy.utils.python import to_bytes, to_unicode
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # typing.Self requires Python 3.11
+    from typing_extensions import Self
+
     from scrapy.crawler import Crawler
 
 
@@ -133,10 +138,10 @@ class RequestFingerprinter:
     """
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
+    def from_crawler(cls, crawler) -> Self:
         return cls(crawler)
 
-    def __init__(self, crawler: Optional["Crawler"] = None):
+    def __init__(self, crawler: Optional[Crawler] = None):
         if crawler:
             implementation = crawler.settings.get(
                 "REQUEST_FINGERPRINTER_IMPLEMENTATION"