diff --git a/scrapy/downloadermiddlewares/httpcompression.py b/scrapy/downloadermiddlewares/httpcompression.py
index 709333948..1e340abb6 100644
--- a/scrapy/downloadermiddlewares/httpcompression.py
+++ b/scrapy/downloadermiddlewares/httpcompression.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import warnings
+from itertools import chain
 from logging import getLogger
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional, Union
 
@@ -102,18 +103,18 @@ class HttpCompressionMiddleware:
         if isinstance(response, Response):
             content_encoding = response.headers.getlist("Content-Encoding")
             if content_encoding:
-                encoding = content_encoding.pop()
                 max_size = request.meta.get("download_maxsize", self._max_size)
                 warn_size = request.meta.get("download_warnsize", self._warn_size)
                 try:
-                    decoded_body = self._decode(
-                        response.body, encoding.lower(), max_size
+                    decoded_body, content_encoding = self._handle_encoding(
+                        response.body, content_encoding, max_size
                     )
                 except _DecompressionMaxSizeExceeded:
                     raise IgnoreRequest(
                         f"Ignored response {response} because its body "
-                        f"({len(response.body)} B) exceeded DOWNLOAD_MAXSIZE "
-                        f"({max_size} B) during decompression."
+                        f"({len(response.body)} B compressed) exceeded "
+                        f"DOWNLOAD_MAXSIZE ({max_size} B) during "
+                        f"decompression."
                     )
                 if len(response.body) < warn_size <= len(decoded_body):
                     logger.warning(
@@ -121,6 +122,7 @@ class HttpCompressionMiddleware:
                         f"({len(decoded_body)} B) is larger than the "
                         f"download warning size ({warn_size} B)."
                     )
+                response.headers["Content-Encoding"] = content_encoding
                 if self.stats:
                     self.stats.inc_value(
                         "httpcompression/response_bytes",
@@ -144,6 +146,28 @@ class HttpCompressionMiddleware:
 
         return response
 
+    def _handle_encoding(self, body, content_encoding, max_size):
+        to_decode, to_keep = self._split_encodings(content_encoding)
+        for encoding in to_decode:
+            body = self._decode(body, encoding, max_size)
+        return body, to_keep
+
+    def _split_encodings(self, content_encoding):
+        to_keep = [
+            encoding.strip().lower()
+            for encoding in chain.from_iterable(
+                encodings.split(b",") for encodings in content_encoding
+            )
+        ]
+        to_decode = []
+        while to_keep:
+            encoding = to_keep.pop()
+            if encoding not in ACCEPTED_ENCODINGS:
+                to_keep.append(encoding)
+                return to_decode, to_keep
+            to_decode.append(encoding)
+        return to_decode, to_keep
+
     def _decode(self, body: bytes, encoding: bytes, max_size: int) -> bytes:
         if encoding == b"gzip" or encoding == b"x-gzip":
             return gunzip(body, max_size=max_size)
diff --git a/tests/sample_data/compressed/html-gzip-deflate-gzip.bin b/tests/sample_data/compressed/html-gzip-deflate-gzip.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d66f4c5a0
Binary files /dev/null and b/tests/sample_data/compressed/html-gzip-deflate-gzip.bin differ
diff --git a/tests/sample_data/compressed/html-gzip-deflate.bin b/tests/sample_data/compressed/html-gzip-deflate.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5066842ef
Binary files /dev/null and b/tests/sample_data/compressed/html-gzip-deflate.bin differ
diff --git a/tests/test_downloadermiddleware_httpcompression.py b/tests/test_downloadermiddleware_httpcompression.py
index 9deb81c37..ae5569d0a 100644
--- a/tests/test_downloadermiddleware_httpcompression.py
+++ b/tests/test_downloadermiddleware_httpcompression.py
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ FORMAT = {
     "x-gzip": ("html-gzip.bin", "gzip"),
     "rawdeflate": ("html-rawdeflate.bin", "deflate"),
     "zlibdeflate": ("html-zlibdeflate.bin", "deflate"),
+    "gzip-deflate": ("html-gzip-deflate.bin", "gzip, deflate"),
+    "gzip-deflate-gzip": ("html-gzip-deflate-gzip.bin", "gzip, deflate, gzip"),
     "br": ("html-br.bin", "br"),
     # $ zstd raw.html --content-size -o html-zstd-static-content-size.bin
     "zstd-static-content-size": ("html-zstd-static-content-size.bin", "zstd"),
@@ -205,6 +207,62 @@ class HttpCompressionTest(TestCase):
         assert newresponse is not response
         self.assertEqual(newresponse.headers.getlist("Content-Encoding"), [b"uuencode"])
 
+    def test_multi_compression_single_header(self):
+        response = self._getresponse("gzip-deflate")
+        request = response.request
+        newresponse = self.mw.process_response(request, response, self.spider)
+        assert newresponse is not response
+        assert "Content-Encoding" not in newresponse.headers
+        assert newresponse.body.startswith(b"<!DOCTYPE")
+
+    def test_multi_compression_single_header_invalid_compression(self):
+        response = self._getresponse("gzip-deflate")
+        response.headers["Content-Encoding"] = [b"gzip, foo, deflate"]
+        request = response.request
+        newresponse = self.mw.process_response(request, response, self.spider)
+        assert newresponse is not response
+        self.assertEqual(
+            newresponse.headers.getlist("Content-Encoding"), [b"gzip", b"foo"]
+        )
+
+    def test_multi_compression_multiple_header(self):
+        response = self._getresponse("gzip-deflate")
+        response.headers["Content-Encoding"] = ["gzip", "deflate"]
+        request = response.request
+        newresponse = self.mw.process_response(request, response, self.spider)
+        assert newresponse is not response
+        assert "Content-Encoding" not in newresponse.headers
+        assert newresponse.body.startswith(b"<!DOCTYPE")
+
+    def test_multi_compression_multiple_header_invalid_compression(self):
+        response = self._getresponse("gzip-deflate")
+        response.headers["Content-Encoding"] = ["gzip", "foo", "deflate"]
+        request = response.request
+        newresponse = self.mw.process_response(request, response, self.spider)
+        assert newresponse is not response
+        self.assertEqual(
+            newresponse.headers.getlist("Content-Encoding"), [b"gzip", b"foo"]
+        )
+
+    def test_multi_compression_single_and_multiple_header(self):
+        response = self._getresponse("gzip-deflate-gzip")
+        response.headers["Content-Encoding"] = ["gzip", "deflate, gzip"]
+        request = response.request
+        newresponse = self.mw.process_response(request, response, self.spider)
+        assert newresponse is not response
+        assert "Content-Encoding" not in newresponse.headers
+        assert newresponse.body.startswith(b"<!DOCTYPE")
+
+    def test_multi_compression_single_and_multiple_header_invalid_compression(self):
+        response = self._getresponse("gzip-deflate")
+        response.headers["Content-Encoding"] = ["gzip", "foo,deflate"]
+        request = response.request
+        newresponse = self.mw.process_response(request, response, self.spider)
+        assert newresponse is not response
+        self.assertEqual(
+            newresponse.headers.getlist("Content-Encoding"), [b"gzip", b"foo"]
+        )
+
     def test_process_response_encoding_inside_body(self):
         headers = {
             "Content-Type": "text/html",