import dataclasses
import hashlib
import io
import random
import warnings
from shutil import rmtree
from tempfile import mkdtemp
from unittest.mock import patch

import attr
from itemadapter import ItemAdapter
from twisted.trial import unittest

from scrapy.exceptions import ScrapyDeprecationWarning
from scrapy.http import Request, Response
from scrapy.item import Field, Item
from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImageException, ImagesPipeline, NoimagesDrop
from scrapy.settings import Settings
from scrapy.utils.python import to_bytes

try:
    from PIL import Image
except ImportError:
    skip_pillow = (
        "Missing Python Imaging Library, install https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Pillow"
    )
else:
    encoders = {"jpeg_encoder", "jpeg_decoder"}
    if not encoders.issubset(set(Image.core.__dict__)):
        skip_pillow = "Missing JPEG encoders"
    else:
        skip_pillow = None


class ImagesPipelineTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    skip = skip_pillow

    def setUp(self):
        self.tempdir = mkdtemp()
        self.pipeline = ImagesPipeline(self.tempdir)

    def tearDown(self):
        rmtree(self.tempdir)

    def test_file_path(self):
        file_path = self.pipeline.file_path
        self.assertEqual(
            file_path(Request("https://dev.mydeco.com/mydeco.gif")),
            "full/3fd165099d8e71b8a48b2683946e64dbfad8b52d.jpg",
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            file_path(
                Request(
                    "http://www.maddiebrown.co.uk///catalogue-items//image_54642_12175_95307.jpg"
                )
            ),
            "full/0ffcd85d563bca45e2f90becd0ca737bc58a00b2.jpg",
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            file_path(
                Request("https://dev.mydeco.com/two/dirs/with%20spaces%2Bsigns.gif")
            ),
            "full/b250e3a74fff2e4703e310048a5b13eba79379d2.jpg",
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            file_path(
                Request(
                    "http://www.dfsonline.co.uk/get_prod_image.php?img=status_0907_mdm.jpg"
                )
            ),
            "full/4507be485f38b0da8a0be9eb2e1dfab8a19223f2.jpg",
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            file_path(Request("http://www.dorma.co.uk/images/product_details/2532/")),
            "full/97ee6f8a46cbbb418ea91502fd24176865cf39b2.jpg",
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            file_path(Request("http://www.dorma.co.uk/images/product_details/2532")),
            "full/244e0dd7d96a3b7b01f54eded250c9e272577aa1.jpg",
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            file_path(
                Request("http://www.dorma.co.uk/images/product_details/2532"),
                response=Response("http://www.dorma.co.uk/images/product_details/2532"),
                info=object(),
            ),
            "full/244e0dd7d96a3b7b01f54eded250c9e272577aa1.jpg",
        )

    def test_thumbnail_name(self):
        thumb_path = self.pipeline.thumb_path
        name = "50"
        self.assertEqual(
            thumb_path(Request("file:///tmp/foo.jpg"), name),
            "thumbs/50/38a86208c36e59d4404db9e37ce04be863ef0335.jpg",
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            thumb_path(Request("file://foo.png"), name),
            "thumbs/50/e55b765eba0ec7348e50a1df496040449071b96a.jpg",
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            thumb_path(Request("file:///tmp/foo"), name),
            "thumbs/50/0329ad83ebb8e93ea7c7906d46e9ed55f7349a50.jpg",
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            thumb_path(Request("file:///tmp/some.name/foo"), name),
            "thumbs/50/850233df65a5b83361798f532f1fc549cd13cbe9.jpg",
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            thumb_path(
                Request("file:///tmp/some.name/foo"),
                name,
                response=Response("file:///tmp/some.name/foo"),
                info=object(),
            ),
            "thumbs/50/850233df65a5b83361798f532f1fc549cd13cbe9.jpg",
        )

    def test_thumbnail_name_from_item(self):
        """
        Custom thumbnail name based on item data, overriding default implementation
        """

        class CustomImagesPipeline(ImagesPipeline):
            def thumb_path(
                self, request, thumb_id, response=None, info=None, item=None
            ):
                return f"thumb/{thumb_id}/{item.get('path')}"

        thumb_path = CustomImagesPipeline.from_settings(
            Settings({"IMAGES_STORE": self.tempdir})
        ).thumb_path
        item = dict(path="path-to-store-file")
        request = Request("http://example.com")
        self.assertEqual(
            thumb_path(request, "small", item=item), "thumb/small/path-to-store-file"
        )

    def test_get_images_exception(self):
        self.pipeline.min_width = 100
        self.pipeline.min_height = 100

        _, buf1 = _create_image("JPEG", "RGB", (50, 50), (0, 0, 0))
        _, buf2 = _create_image("JPEG", "RGB", (150, 50), (0, 0, 0))
        _, buf3 = _create_image("JPEG", "RGB", (50, 150), (0, 0, 0))

        resp1 = Response(url="https://dev.mydeco.com/mydeco.gif", body=buf1.getvalue())
        resp2 = Response(url="https://dev.mydeco.com/mydeco.gif", body=buf2.getvalue())
        resp3 = Response(url="https://dev.mydeco.com/mydeco.gif", body=buf3.getvalue())
        req = Request(url="https://dev.mydeco.com/mydeco.gif")

        with self.assertRaises(ImageException):
            next(self.pipeline.get_images(response=resp1, request=req, info=object()))
        with self.assertRaises(ImageException):
            next(self.pipeline.get_images(response=resp2, request=req, info=object()))
        with self.assertRaises(ImageException):
            next(self.pipeline.get_images(response=resp3, request=req, info=object()))

    def test_get_images_new(self):
        self.pipeline.min_width = 0
        self.pipeline.min_height = 0
        self.pipeline.thumbs = {"small": (20, 20)}

        orig_im, buf = _create_image("JPEG", "RGB", (50, 50), (0, 0, 0))
        orig_thumb, orig_thumb_buf = _create_image("JPEG", "RGB", (20, 20), (0, 0, 0))
        resp = Response(url="https://dev.mydeco.com/mydeco.gif", body=buf.getvalue())
        req = Request(url="https://dev.mydeco.com/mydeco.gif")

        get_images_gen = self.pipeline.get_images(
            response=resp, request=req, info=object()
        )

        path, new_im, new_buf = next(get_images_gen)
        self.assertEqual(path, "full/3fd165099d8e71b8a48b2683946e64dbfad8b52d.jpg")
        self.assertEqual(orig_im, new_im)
        self.assertEqual(buf.getvalue(), new_buf.getvalue())

        thumb_path, thumb_img, thumb_buf = next(get_images_gen)
        self.assertEqual(
            thumb_path, "thumbs/small/3fd165099d8e71b8a48b2683946e64dbfad8b52d.jpg"
        )
        self.assertEqual(thumb_img, thumb_img)
        self.assertEqual(orig_thumb_buf.getvalue(), thumb_buf.getvalue())

    def test_get_images_old(self):
        self.pipeline.thumbs = {"small": (20, 20)}
        orig_im, buf = _create_image("JPEG", "RGB", (50, 50), (0, 0, 0))
        resp = Response(url="https://dev.mydeco.com/mydeco.gif", body=buf.getvalue())
        req = Request(url="https://dev.mydeco.com/mydeco.gif")

        def overridden_convert_image(image, size=None):
            im, buf = _create_image("JPEG", "RGB", (50, 50), (0, 0, 0))
            return im, buf

        with patch.object(self.pipeline, "convert_image", overridden_convert_image):
            with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
                warnings.simplefilter("always")
                get_images_gen = self.pipeline.get_images(
                    response=resp, request=req, info=object()
                )
                path, new_im, new_buf = next(get_images_gen)
                self.assertEqual(
                    path, "full/3fd165099d8e71b8a48b2683946e64dbfad8b52d.jpg"
                )
                self.assertEqual(orig_im.mode, new_im.mode)
                self.assertEqual(orig_im.getcolors(), new_im.getcolors())
                self.assertEqual(buf.getvalue(), new_buf.getvalue())

                thumb_path, thumb_img, thumb_buf = next(get_images_gen)
                self.assertEqual(
                    thumb_path,
                    "thumbs/small/3fd165099d8e71b8a48b2683946e64dbfad8b52d.jpg",
                )
                self.assertEqual(orig_im.mode, thumb_img.mode)
                self.assertEqual(orig_im.getcolors(), thumb_img.getcolors())
                self.assertEqual(buf.getvalue(), thumb_buf.getvalue())

                expected_warning_msg = (
                    ".convert_image() method overridden in a deprecated way, "
                    "overridden method does not accept response_body argument."
                )
                self.assertEqual(
                    len(
                        [
                            warning
                            for warning in w
                            if expected_warning_msg in str(warning.message)
                        ]
                    ),
                    1,
                )

    def test_convert_image_old(self):
        # tests for old API
        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
            warnings.simplefilter("always")
            SIZE = (100, 100)
            # straight forward case: RGB and JPEG
            COLOUR = (0, 127, 255)
            im, _ = _create_image("JPEG", "RGB", SIZE, COLOUR)
            converted, _ = self.pipeline.convert_image(im)
            self.assertEqual(converted.mode, "RGB")
            self.assertEqual(converted.getcolors(), [(10000, COLOUR)])

            # check that thumbnail keep image ratio
            thumbnail, _ = self.pipeline.convert_image(converted, size=(10, 25))
            self.assertEqual(thumbnail.mode, "RGB")
            self.assertEqual(thumbnail.size, (10, 10))

            # transparency case: RGBA and PNG
            COLOUR = (0, 127, 255, 50)
            im, _ = _create_image("PNG", "RGBA", SIZE, COLOUR)
            converted, _ = self.pipeline.convert_image(im)
            self.assertEqual(converted.mode, "RGB")
            self.assertEqual(converted.getcolors(), [(10000, (205, 230, 255))])

            # transparency case with palette: P and PNG
            COLOUR = (0, 127, 255, 50)
            im, _ = _create_image("PNG", "RGBA", SIZE, COLOUR)
            im = im.convert("P")
            converted, _ = self.pipeline.convert_image(im)
            self.assertEqual(converted.mode, "RGB")
            self.assertEqual(converted.getcolors(), [(10000, (205, 230, 255))])

            # ensure that we received deprecation warnings
            expected_warning_msg = ".convert_image() method called in a deprecated way"
            self.assertTrue(
                len(
                    [
                        warning
                        for warning in w
                        if expected_warning_msg in str(warning.message)
                    ]
                )
                == 4
            )

    def test_convert_image_new(self):
        # tests for new API
        SIZE = (100, 100)
        # straight forward case: RGB and JPEG
        COLOUR = (0, 127, 255)
        im, buf = _create_image("JPEG", "RGB", SIZE, COLOUR)
        converted, converted_buf = self.pipeline.convert_image(im, response_body=buf)
        self.assertEqual(converted.mode, "RGB")
        self.assertEqual(converted.getcolors(), [(10000, COLOUR)])
        # check that we don't convert JPEGs again
        self.assertEqual(converted_buf, buf)

        # check that thumbnail keep image ratio
        thumbnail, _ = self.pipeline.convert_image(
            converted, size=(10, 25), response_body=converted_buf
        )
        self.assertEqual(thumbnail.mode, "RGB")
        self.assertEqual(thumbnail.size, (10, 10))

        # transparency case: RGBA and PNG
        COLOUR = (0, 127, 255, 50)
        im, buf = _create_image("PNG", "RGBA", SIZE, COLOUR)
        converted, _ = self.pipeline.convert_image(im, response_body=buf)
        self.assertEqual(converted.mode, "RGB")
        self.assertEqual(converted.getcolors(), [(10000, (205, 230, 255))])

        # transparency case with palette: P and PNG
        COLOUR = (0, 127, 255, 50)
        im, buf = _create_image("PNG", "RGBA", SIZE, COLOUR)
        im = im.convert("P")
        converted, _ = self.pipeline.convert_image(im, response_body=buf)
        self.assertEqual(converted.mode, "RGB")
        self.assertEqual(converted.getcolors(), [(10000, (205, 230, 255))])


class DeprecatedImagesPipeline(ImagesPipeline):
    def file_key(self, url):
        return self.image_key(url)

    def image_key(self, url):
        image_guid = hashlib.sha1(to_bytes(url)).hexdigest()
        return f"empty/{image_guid}.jpg"

    def thumb_key(self, url, thumb_id):
        thumb_guid = hashlib.sha1(to_bytes(url)).hexdigest()
        return f"thumbsup/{thumb_id}/{thumb_guid}.jpg"


class ImagesPipelineTestCaseFieldsMixin:
    skip = skip_pillow

    def test_item_fields_default(self):
        url = "http://www.example.com/images/1.jpg"
        item = self.item_class(name="item1", image_urls=[url])
        pipeline = ImagesPipeline.from_settings(
            Settings({"IMAGES_STORE": "s3://example/images/"})
        )
        requests = list(pipeline.get_media_requests(item, None))
        self.assertEqual(requests[0].url, url)
        results = [(True, {"url": url})]
        item = pipeline.item_completed(results, item, None)
        images = ItemAdapter(item).get("images")
        self.assertEqual(images, [results[0][1]])
        self.assertIsInstance(item, self.item_class)

    def test_item_fields_override_settings(self):
        url = "http://www.example.com/images/1.jpg"
        item = self.item_class(name="item1", custom_image_urls=[url])
        pipeline = ImagesPipeline.from_settings(
            Settings(
                {
                    "IMAGES_STORE": "s3://example/images/",
                    "IMAGES_URLS_FIELD": "custom_image_urls",
                    "IMAGES_RESULT_FIELD": "custom_images",
                }
            )
        )
        requests = list(pipeline.get_media_requests(item, None))
        self.assertEqual(requests[0].url, url)
        results = [(True, {"url": url})]
        item = pipeline.item_completed(results, item, None)
        custom_images = ItemAdapter(item).get("custom_images")
        self.assertEqual(custom_images, [results[0][1]])
        self.assertIsInstance(item, self.item_class)


class ImagesPipelineTestCaseFieldsDict(
    ImagesPipelineTestCaseFieldsMixin, unittest.TestCase
):
    item_class = dict


class ImagesPipelineTestItem(Item):
    name = Field()
    # default fields
    image_urls = Field()
    images = Field()
    # overridden fields
    custom_image_urls = Field()
    custom_images = Field()


class ImagesPipelineTestCaseFieldsItem(
    ImagesPipelineTestCaseFieldsMixin, unittest.TestCase
):
    item_class = ImagesPipelineTestItem


@dataclasses.dataclass
class ImagesPipelineTestDataClass:
    name: str
    # default fields
    image_urls: list = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
    images: list = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
    # overridden fields
    custom_image_urls: list = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
    custom_images: list = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)


class ImagesPipelineTestCaseFieldsDataClass(
    ImagesPipelineTestCaseFieldsMixin, unittest.TestCase
):
    item_class = ImagesPipelineTestDataClass


@attr.s
class ImagesPipelineTestAttrsItem:
    name = attr.ib(default="")
    # default fields
    image_urls = attr.ib(default=lambda: [])
    images = attr.ib(default=lambda: [])
    # overridden fields
    custom_image_urls = attr.ib(default=lambda: [])
    custom_images = attr.ib(default=lambda: [])


class ImagesPipelineTestCaseFieldsAttrsItem(
    ImagesPipelineTestCaseFieldsMixin, unittest.TestCase
):
    item_class = ImagesPipelineTestAttrsItem


class ImagesPipelineTestCaseCustomSettings(unittest.TestCase):
    skip = skip_pillow

    img_cls_attribute_names = [
        # Pipeline attribute names with corresponding setting names.
        ("EXPIRES", "IMAGES_EXPIRES"),
        ("MIN_WIDTH", "IMAGES_MIN_WIDTH"),
        ("MIN_HEIGHT", "IMAGES_MIN_HEIGHT"),
        ("IMAGES_URLS_FIELD", "IMAGES_URLS_FIELD"),
        ("IMAGES_RESULT_FIELD", "IMAGES_RESULT_FIELD"),
        ("THUMBS", "IMAGES_THUMBS"),
    ]

    # This should match what is defined in ImagesPipeline.
    default_pipeline_settings = dict(
        MIN_WIDTH=0,
        MIN_HEIGHT=0,
        EXPIRES=90,
        THUMBS={},
        IMAGES_URLS_FIELD="image_urls",
        IMAGES_RESULT_FIELD="images",
    )

    def setUp(self):
        self.tempdir = mkdtemp()

    def tearDown(self):
        rmtree(self.tempdir)

    def _generate_fake_settings(self, prefix=None):
        """
        :param prefix: string for setting keys
        :return: dictionary of image pipeline settings
        """

        def random_string():
            return "".join([chr(random.randint(97, 123)) for _ in range(10)])

        settings = {
            "IMAGES_EXPIRES": random.randint(100, 1000),
            "IMAGES_STORE": self.tempdir,
            "IMAGES_RESULT_FIELD": random_string(),
            "IMAGES_URLS_FIELD": random_string(),
            "IMAGES_MIN_WIDTH": random.randint(1, 1000),
            "IMAGES_MIN_HEIGHT": random.randint(1, 1000),
            "IMAGES_THUMBS": {
                "small": (random.randint(1, 1000), random.randint(1, 1000)),
                "big": (random.randint(1, 1000), random.randint(1, 1000)),
            },
        }
        if not prefix:
            return settings

        return {
            prefix.upper() + "_" + k if k != "IMAGES_STORE" else k: v
            for k, v in settings.items()
        }

    def _generate_fake_pipeline_subclass(self):
        """
        :return: ImagePipeline class will all uppercase attributes set.
        """

        class UserDefinedImagePipeline(ImagesPipeline):
            # Values should be in different range than fake_settings.
            MIN_WIDTH = random.randint(1000, 2000)
            MIN_HEIGHT = random.randint(1000, 2000)
            THUMBS = {
                "small": (random.randint(1000, 2000), random.randint(1000, 2000)),
                "big": (random.randint(1000, 2000), random.randint(1000, 2000)),
            }
            EXPIRES = random.randint(1000, 2000)
            IMAGES_URLS_FIELD = "field_one"
            IMAGES_RESULT_FIELD = "field_two"

        return UserDefinedImagePipeline

    def test_different_settings_for_different_instances(self):
        """
        If there are two instances of ImagesPipeline class with different settings, they should
        have different settings.
        """
        custom_settings = self._generate_fake_settings()
        default_settings = Settings()
        default_sts_pipe = ImagesPipeline(self.tempdir, settings=default_settings)
        user_sts_pipe = ImagesPipeline.from_settings(Settings(custom_settings))
        for pipe_attr, settings_attr in self.img_cls_attribute_names:
            expected_default_value = self.default_pipeline_settings.get(pipe_attr)
            custom_value = custom_settings.get(settings_attr)
            self.assertNotEqual(expected_default_value, custom_value)
            self.assertEqual(
                getattr(default_sts_pipe, pipe_attr.lower()), expected_default_value
            )
            self.assertEqual(getattr(user_sts_pipe, pipe_attr.lower()), custom_value)

    def test_subclass_attrs_preserved_default_settings(self):
        """
        If image settings are not defined at all subclass of ImagePipeline takes values
        from class attributes.
        """
        pipeline_cls = self._generate_fake_pipeline_subclass()
        pipeline = pipeline_cls.from_settings(Settings({"IMAGES_STORE": self.tempdir}))
        for pipe_attr, settings_attr in self.img_cls_attribute_names:
            # Instance attribute (lowercase) must be equal to class attribute (uppercase).
            attr_value = getattr(pipeline, pipe_attr.lower())
            self.assertNotEqual(attr_value, self.default_pipeline_settings[pipe_attr])
            self.assertEqual(attr_value, getattr(pipeline, pipe_attr))

    def test_subclass_attrs_preserved_custom_settings(self):
        """
        If image settings are defined but they are not defined for subclass default
        values taken from settings should be preserved.
        """
        pipeline_cls = self._generate_fake_pipeline_subclass()
        settings = self._generate_fake_settings()
        pipeline = pipeline_cls.from_settings(Settings(settings))
        for pipe_attr, settings_attr in self.img_cls_attribute_names:
            # Instance attribute (lowercase) must be equal to
            # value defined in settings.
            value = getattr(pipeline, pipe_attr.lower())
            self.assertNotEqual(value, self.default_pipeline_settings[pipe_attr])
            setings_value = settings.get(settings_attr)
            self.assertEqual(value, setings_value)

    def test_no_custom_settings_for_subclasses(self):
        """
        If there are no settings for subclass and no subclass attributes, pipeline should use
        attributes of base class.
        """

        class UserDefinedImagePipeline(ImagesPipeline):
            pass

        user_pipeline = UserDefinedImagePipeline.from_settings(
            Settings({"IMAGES_STORE": self.tempdir})
        )
        for pipe_attr, settings_attr in self.img_cls_attribute_names:
            # Values from settings for custom pipeline should be set on pipeline instance.
            custom_value = self.default_pipeline_settings.get(pipe_attr.upper())
            self.assertEqual(getattr(user_pipeline, pipe_attr.lower()), custom_value)

    def test_custom_settings_for_subclasses(self):
        """
        If there are custom settings for subclass and NO class attributes, pipeline should use custom
        settings.
        """

        class UserDefinedImagePipeline(ImagesPipeline):
            pass

        prefix = UserDefinedImagePipeline.__name__.upper()
        settings = self._generate_fake_settings(prefix=prefix)
        user_pipeline = UserDefinedImagePipeline.from_settings(Settings(settings))
        for pipe_attr, settings_attr in self.img_cls_attribute_names:
            # Values from settings for custom pipeline should be set on pipeline instance.
            custom_value = settings.get(prefix + "_" + settings_attr)
            self.assertNotEqual(custom_value, self.default_pipeline_settings[pipe_attr])
            self.assertEqual(getattr(user_pipeline, pipe_attr.lower()), custom_value)

    def test_custom_settings_and_class_attrs_for_subclasses(self):
        """
        If there are custom settings for subclass AND class attributes
        setting keys are preferred and override attributes.
        """
        pipeline_cls = self._generate_fake_pipeline_subclass()
        prefix = pipeline_cls.__name__.upper()
        settings = self._generate_fake_settings(prefix=prefix)
        user_pipeline = pipeline_cls.from_settings(Settings(settings))
        for pipe_attr, settings_attr in self.img_cls_attribute_names:
            custom_value = settings.get(prefix + "_" + settings_attr)
            self.assertNotEqual(custom_value, self.default_pipeline_settings[pipe_attr])
            self.assertEqual(getattr(user_pipeline, pipe_attr.lower()), custom_value)

    def test_cls_attrs_with_DEFAULT_prefix(self):
        class UserDefinedImagePipeline(ImagesPipeline):
            DEFAULT_IMAGES_URLS_FIELD = "something"
            DEFAULT_IMAGES_RESULT_FIELD = "something_else"

        pipeline = UserDefinedImagePipeline.from_settings(
            Settings({"IMAGES_STORE": self.tempdir})
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            pipeline.images_result_field,
            UserDefinedImagePipeline.DEFAULT_IMAGES_RESULT_FIELD,
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            pipeline.images_urls_field,
            UserDefinedImagePipeline.DEFAULT_IMAGES_URLS_FIELD,
        )

    def test_user_defined_subclass_default_key_names(self):
        """Test situation when user defines subclass of ImagePipeline,
        but uses attribute names for default pipeline (without prefixing
        them with pipeline class name).
        """
        settings = self._generate_fake_settings()

        class UserPipe(ImagesPipeline):
            pass

        pipeline_cls = UserPipe.from_settings(Settings(settings))

        for pipe_attr, settings_attr in self.img_cls_attribute_names:
            expected_value = settings.get(settings_attr)
            self.assertEqual(getattr(pipeline_cls, pipe_attr.lower()), expected_value)


class NoimagesDropTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_deprecation_warning(self):
        arg = str()
        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
            NoimagesDrop(arg)
            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)
            self.assertEqual(w[0].category, ScrapyDeprecationWarning)
        with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:

            class SubclassedNoimagesDrop(NoimagesDrop):
                pass

            SubclassedNoimagesDrop(arg)
            self.assertEqual(len(w), 1)
            self.assertEqual(w[0].category, ScrapyDeprecationWarning)


def _create_image(format, *a, **kw):
    buf = io.BytesIO()
    Image.new(*a, **kw).save(buf, format)
    buf.seek(0)
    return Image.open(buf), buf


if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()