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scrapy/scrapy/core/scheduler.py

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from __future__ import annotations
import json
import logging
from abc import abstractmethod
from pathlib import Path
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
# working around https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/10400
from twisted.internet.defer import Deferred # noqa: TC002
from scrapy.spiders import Spider # noqa: TC001
from scrapy.utils.job import job_dir
from scrapy.utils.misc import build_from_crawler, load_object
if TYPE_CHECKING:
# requires queuelib >= 1.6.2
from queuelib.queue import BaseQueue
# typing.Self requires Python 3.11
from typing_extensions import Self
from scrapy.crawler import Crawler
from scrapy.dupefilters import BaseDupeFilter
from scrapy.http.request import Request
from scrapy.pqueues import ScrapyPriorityQueue
from scrapy.statscollectors import StatsCollector
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class BaseSchedulerMeta(type):
"""
Metaclass to check scheduler classes against the necessary interface
"""
def __instancecheck__(cls, instance: Any) -> bool:
return cls.__subclasscheck__(type(instance))
def __subclasscheck__(cls, subclass: type) -> bool:
return (
hasattr(subclass, "has_pending_requests")
and callable(subclass.has_pending_requests)
and hasattr(subclass, "enqueue_request")
and callable(subclass.enqueue_request)
and hasattr(subclass, "next_request")
and callable(subclass.next_request)
)
class BaseScheduler(metaclass=BaseSchedulerMeta):
"""The scheduler component is responsible for storing requests received
from the engine, and feeding them back upon request (also to the engine).
The original sources of said requests are:
* Spider: ``start`` method, requests created for URLs in the ``start_urls`` attribute, request callbacks
* Spider middleware: ``process_spider_output`` and ``process_spider_exception`` methods
* Downloader middleware: ``process_request``, ``process_response`` and ``process_exception`` methods
The order in which the scheduler returns its stored requests (via the ``next_request`` method)
plays a great part in determining the order in which those requests are downloaded. See :ref:`request-order`.
The methods defined in this class constitute the minimal interface that the Scrapy engine will interact with.
"""
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler: Crawler) -> Self:
"""
Factory method which receives the current :class:`~scrapy.crawler.Crawler` object as argument.
"""
return cls()
def open(self, spider: Spider) -> Deferred[None] | None:
"""
Called when the spider is opened by the engine. It receives the spider
instance as argument and it's useful to execute initialization code.
:param spider: the spider object for the current crawl
:type spider: :class:`~scrapy.spiders.Spider`
"""
def close(self, reason: str) -> Deferred[None] | None:
"""
Called when the spider is closed by the engine. It receives the reason why the crawl
finished as argument and it's useful to execute cleaning code.
:param reason: a string which describes the reason why the spider was closed
:type reason: :class:`str`
"""
@abstractmethod
def has_pending_requests(self) -> bool:
"""
``True`` if the scheduler has enqueued requests, ``False`` otherwise
"""
raise NotImplementedError
@abstractmethod
def enqueue_request(self, request: Request) -> bool:
"""
Process a request received by the engine.
Return ``True`` if the request is stored correctly, ``False`` otherwise.
If ``False``, the engine will fire a ``request_dropped`` signal, and
will not make further attempts to schedule the request at a later time.
For reference, the default Scrapy scheduler returns ``False`` when the
request is rejected by the dupefilter.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
@abstractmethod
def next_request(self) -> Request | None:
"""
Return the next :class:`~scrapy.Request` to be processed, or ``None``
to indicate that there are no requests to be considered ready at the moment.
Returning ``None`` implies that no request from the scheduler will be sent
to the downloader in the current reactor cycle. The engine will continue
calling ``next_request`` until ``has_pending_requests`` is ``False``.
"""
raise NotImplementedError
class Scheduler(BaseScheduler):
r"""Default scheduler.
Requests are stored into priority queues
(:setting:`SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_QUEUE`) that sort requests by
:attr:`~scrapy.http.Request.priority`.
By default, a single, memory-based priority queue is used for all requests.
When using :setting:`JOBDIR`, a disk-based priority queue is also created,
and only unserializable requests are stored in the memory-based priority
queue. For a given priority value, requests in memory take precedence over
requests in disk.
Each priority queue stores requests in separate internal queues, one per
priority value. The memory priority queue uses
:setting:`SCHEDULER_MEMORY_QUEUE` queues, while the disk priority queue
uses :setting:`SCHEDULER_DISK_QUEUE` queues. The internal queues determine
:ref:`request order <request-order>` when requests have the same priority.
:ref:`Start requests <start-requests>` are stored into separate internal
queues by default, and :ref:`ordered differently <start-request-order>`.
Duplicate requests are filtered out with an instance of
:setting:`DUPEFILTER_CLASS`.
.. _request-order:
Request order
=============
With default settings, pending requests are stored in a LIFO_ queue
(:ref:`except for start requests <start-request-order>`). As a result,
crawling happens in `DFO order`_, which is usually the most convenient
crawl order. However, you can enforce :ref:`BFO <bfo>` or :ref:`a custom
order <custom-request-order>` (:ref:`except for the first few requests
<concurrency-v-order>`).
.. _LIFO: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_(abstract_data_type)
.. _DFO order: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth-first_search
.. _start-request-order:
Start request order
-------------------
:ref:`Start requests <start-requests>` are sent in the order they are
yielded from :meth:`~scrapy.Spider.start`, and given the same
:attr:`~scrapy.http.Request.priority`, other requests take precedence over
start requests.
You can set :setting:`SCHEDULER_START_MEMORY_QUEUE` and
:setting:`SCHEDULER_START_DISK_QUEUE` to ``None`` to handle start requests
the same as other requests when it comes to order and priority.
.. _bfo:
Crawling in BFO order
---------------------
If you do want to crawl in `BFO order`_, you can do it by setting the
following :ref:`settings <topics-settings>`:
| :setting:`DEPTH_PRIORITY` = ``1``
| :setting:`SCHEDULER_DISK_QUEUE` =
``"scrapy.squeues.PickleFifoDiskQueue"``
| :setting:`SCHEDULER_MEMORY_QUEUE` = ``"scrapy.squeues.FifoMemoryQueue"``
.. _BFO order: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadth-first_search
.. _custom-request-order:
Crawling in a custom order
--------------------------
You can manually set :attr:`~scrapy.http.Request.priority` on requests to
force a specific request order.
.. _concurrency-v-order:
Concurrency affects order
-------------------------
While pending requests are below the configured values of
:setting:`CONCURRENT_REQUESTS`, :setting:`CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN`
or :setting:`CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP`, those requests are sent
concurrently.
As a result, the first few requests of a crawl may not follow the desired
order. Lowering those settings to ``1`` enforces the desired order except
for the very first request, but it significantly slows down the crawl as a
whole.
Job directory contents
======================
.. warning:: The files that this class generates in the :ref:`job directory
<job-dir>` are an implementation detail, and may change without a
warning in a future version of Scrapy. Do not rely on the following
information for anything other than debugging purposes.
When using :setting:`JOBDIR`, this scheduler class:
- Creates a directory named ``requests.queue`` inside the :ref:`job
directory <job-dir>`, meant to keep track of all requests stored in
the scheduler (i.e. not downloaded yet).
- Generates inside that directory an ``active.json`` file with a JSON
representation of the state (``startprios``) of
:setting:`SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_QUEUE`.
The file is generated whenever the job stops (cleanly) and is loaded
when resuming the job.
- Instantiates the configured :setting:`SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_QUEUE` with
``requests.queue/`` as persistence directory (*key*) and
:setting:`SCHEDULER_DISK_QUEUE` as *downstream_queue_cls*. The priority
queue may create additional files and directories inside that
directory, directly or though instances of
:setting:`SCHEDULER_DISK_QUEUE`.
This scheduler class also uses the configured :setting:`DUPEFILTER_CLASS`,
which may also write data inside the job directory.
"""
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler: Crawler) -> Self:
dupefilter_cls = load_object(crawler.settings["DUPEFILTER_CLASS"])
return cls(
dupefilter=build_from_crawler(dupefilter_cls, crawler),
jobdir=job_dir(crawler.settings),
dqclass=load_object(crawler.settings["SCHEDULER_DISK_QUEUE"]),
mqclass=load_object(crawler.settings["SCHEDULER_MEMORY_QUEUE"]),
logunser=crawler.settings.getbool("SCHEDULER_DEBUG"),
stats=crawler.stats,
pqclass=load_object(crawler.settings["SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_QUEUE"]),
crawler=crawler,
)
def __init__(
self,
dupefilter: BaseDupeFilter,
jobdir: str | None = None,
dqclass: type[BaseQueue] | None = None,
mqclass: type[BaseQueue] | None = None,
logunser: bool = False,
stats: StatsCollector | None = None,
pqclass: type[ScrapyPriorityQueue] | None = None,
crawler: Crawler | None = None,
):
"""Initialize the scheduler.
:param dupefilter: An object responsible for checking and filtering duplicate requests.
The value for the :setting:`DUPEFILTER_CLASS` setting is used by default.
:type dupefilter: :class:`scrapy.dupefilters.BaseDupeFilter` instance or similar:
any class that implements the `BaseDupeFilter` interface
:param jobdir: The path of a directory to be used for persisting the crawl's state.
The value for the :setting:`JOBDIR` setting is used by default.
See :ref:`topics-jobs`.
:type jobdir: :class:`str` or ``None``
:param dqclass: A class to be used as persistent request queue.
The value for the :setting:`SCHEDULER_DISK_QUEUE` setting is used by default.
:type dqclass: class
:param mqclass: A class to be used as non-persistent request queue.
The value for the :setting:`SCHEDULER_MEMORY_QUEUE` setting is used by default.
:type mqclass: class
:param logunser: A boolean that indicates whether or not unserializable requests should be logged.
The value for the :setting:`SCHEDULER_DEBUG` setting is used by default.
:type logunser: bool
:param stats: A stats collector object to record stats about the request scheduling process.
The value for the :setting:`STATS_CLASS` setting is used by default.
:type stats: :class:`scrapy.statscollectors.StatsCollector` instance or similar:
any class that implements the `StatsCollector` interface
:param pqclass: A class to be used as priority queue for requests.
The value for the :setting:`SCHEDULER_PRIORITY_QUEUE` setting is used by default.
:type pqclass: class
:param crawler: The crawler object corresponding to the current crawl.
:type crawler: :class:`scrapy.crawler.Crawler`
"""
self.df: BaseDupeFilter = dupefilter
self.dqdir: str | None = self._dqdir(jobdir)
self.pqclass: type[ScrapyPriorityQueue] | None = pqclass
self.dqclass: type[BaseQueue] | None = dqclass
self.mqclass: type[BaseQueue] | None = mqclass
self.logunser: bool = logunser
self.stats: StatsCollector | None = stats
self.crawler: Crawler | None = crawler
self._sdqclass: type[BaseQueue] | None = self._get_start_queue_cls(
crawler, "DISK"
)
self._smqclass: type[BaseQueue] | None = self._get_start_queue_cls(
crawler, "MEMORY"
)
def _get_start_queue_cls(
self, crawler: Crawler | None, queue: str
) -> type[BaseQueue] | None:
if crawler is None:
return None
cls = crawler.settings[f"SCHEDULER_START_{queue}_QUEUE"]
if not cls:
return None
return load_object(cls)
def has_pending_requests(self) -> bool:
return len(self) > 0
def open(self, spider: Spider) -> Deferred[None] | None:
"""
(1) initialize the memory queue
(2) initialize the disk queue if the ``jobdir`` attribute is a valid directory
(3) return the result of the dupefilter's ``open`` method
"""
self.spider: Spider = spider
self.mqs: ScrapyPriorityQueue = self._mq()
self.dqs: ScrapyPriorityQueue | None = self._dq() if self.dqdir else None
return self.df.open()
def close(self, reason: str) -> Deferred[None] | None:
"""
(1) dump pending requests to disk if there is a disk queue
(2) return the result of the dupefilter's ``close`` method
"""
if self.dqs is not None:
state = self.dqs.close()
assert isinstance(self.dqdir, str)
self._write_dqs_state(self.dqdir, state)
return self.df.close(reason)
def enqueue_request(self, request: Request) -> bool:
"""
Unless the received request is filtered out by the Dupefilter, attempt to push
it into the disk queue, falling back to pushing it into the memory queue.
Increment the appropriate stats, such as: ``scheduler/enqueued``,
``scheduler/enqueued/disk``, ``scheduler/enqueued/memory``.
Return ``True`` if the request was stored successfully, ``False`` otherwise.
"""
if not request.dont_filter and self.df.request_seen(request):
self.df.log(request, self.spider)
return False
dqok = self._dqpush(request)
assert self.stats is not None
if dqok:
self.stats.inc_value("scheduler/enqueued/disk")
else:
self._mqpush(request)
self.stats.inc_value("scheduler/enqueued/memory")
self.stats.inc_value("scheduler/enqueued")
return True
def next_request(self) -> Request | None:
"""
Return a :class:`~scrapy.Request` object from the memory queue,
falling back to the disk queue if the memory queue is empty.
Return ``None`` if there are no more enqueued requests.
Increment the appropriate stats, such as: ``scheduler/dequeued``,
``scheduler/dequeued/disk``, ``scheduler/dequeued/memory``.
"""
request: Request | None = self.mqs.pop()
assert self.stats is not None
if request is not None:
self.stats.inc_value("scheduler/dequeued/memory")
else:
request = self._dqpop()
if request is not None:
self.stats.inc_value("scheduler/dequeued/disk")
if request is not None:
self.stats.inc_value("scheduler/dequeued")
return request
def __len__(self) -> int:
"""
Return the total amount of enqueued requests
"""
return len(self.dqs) + len(self.mqs) if self.dqs is not None else len(self.mqs)
def _dqpush(self, request: Request) -> bool:
if self.dqs is None:
return False
try:
self.dqs.push(request)
except ValueError as e: # non serializable request
if self.logunser:
msg = (
"Unable to serialize request: %(request)s - reason:"
" %(reason)s - no more unserializable requests will be"
" logged (stats being collected)"
)
logger.warning(
msg,
{"request": request, "reason": e},
exc_info=True,
extra={"spider": self.spider},
)
self.logunser = False
assert self.stats is not None
self.stats.inc_value("scheduler/unserializable")
return False
return True
def _mqpush(self, request: Request) -> None:
self.mqs.push(request)
def _dqpop(self) -> Request | None:
if self.dqs is not None:
return self.dqs.pop()
return None
def _mq(self) -> ScrapyPriorityQueue:
"""Create a new priority queue instance, with in-memory storage"""
assert self.crawler
assert self.pqclass
return build_from_crawler(
self.pqclass,
self.crawler,
downstream_queue_cls=self.mqclass,
key="",
start_queue_cls=self._smqclass,
)
def _dq(self) -> ScrapyPriorityQueue:
"""Create a new priority queue instance, with disk storage"""
assert self.crawler
assert self.dqdir
assert self.pqclass
state = self._read_dqs_state(self.dqdir)
q = build_from_crawler(
self.pqclass,
self.crawler,
downstream_queue_cls=self.dqclass,
key=self.dqdir,
startprios=state,
start_queue_cls=self._sdqclass,
)
if q:
logger.info(
"Resuming crawl (%(queuesize)d requests scheduled)",
{"queuesize": len(q)},
extra={"spider": self.spider},
)
return q
def _dqdir(self, jobdir: str | None) -> str | None:
"""Return a folder name to keep disk queue state at"""
if jobdir:
dqdir = Path(jobdir, "requests.queue")
if not dqdir.exists():
dqdir.mkdir(parents=True)
return str(dqdir)
return None
def _read_dqs_state(self, dqdir: str) -> Any:
path = Path(dqdir, "active.json")
if not path.exists():
return ()
with path.open(encoding="utf-8") as f:
return json.load(f)
def _write_dqs_state(self, dqdir: str, state: Any) -> None:
with Path(dqdir, "active.json").open("w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
json.dump(state, f)
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