chore(deps): update composer dependencies to latest (#764)

Brings every composer dependency to its latest available version,
Laravel included.

## What moved

Laravel 13.1.1 -> 13.24.0, plus every other in-range minor/patch
(cashier 16.5 -> 16.7, fortify, pennant, sanctum, tinker, sentry,
aws-sdk, resend 1.1 -> 1.7, larastan, pint, sail...).

Four majors that were being held back:

| Package | From | To | Note |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| laravel/mcp | 0.6.7 | 0.9.3 | Also unblocks boost 2.5.3 + wayfinder
0.1.21, which both conflict with mcp < 0.7 |
| laravel/ai | 0.7.2 | 0.10.3 | |
| pestphp/pest | 4.7.8 | 5.1.0 | Pulls phpunit 13; suite runs 25% faster
(380s -> 296s) |
| intervention/image | 3.11.8 | 4.2.1 | |

## Code the upgrades required

- **`SetBankLogoCommand`** — intervention v4 dropped
`ImageManager::read()` and `Image::toPng()`; now `decodeBinary()` and
`encode(new PngEncoder)`.
- **`GenerateStripePromotionCodesCommand`** — cashier 16.7 pulls
stripe-php v17.6 -> v20.3.1, which pins the API to `2026-06-24.dahlia`.
Promotion codes there take a nested `promotion: {type, coupon}` instead
of a top-level `coupon`. Caught by phpstan, not by a test.
- **`McpOAuthTest`** — mcp 0.9 returns 201 for dynamic client
registration (RFC 7591 says Created) instead of 200.
- **`SubscriptionExperimentTest`** — phpunit 12.5.33 stopped reindexing
arrays inside `assertEqualsCanonicalizing`, so the gapped keys
`array_unique` leaves behind broke the comparison. No entry in phpunit's
changelog, so this looks unintentional on their side; `array_values`
sidesteps it either way.

## Stripe API version

Worth flagging because it is the money path: the SDK sends
`Stripe-Version` on every request, so our own calls now speak dahlia
while webhooks keep arriving in whatever version the account is pinned
to. All 13 direct call sites were reviewed against the v20 shapes
(prices, promotionCodes, customers, subscriptions, paymentIntents,
coupons) — promotion codes were the only breakage, and phpstan is clean.

Separately, `PostStripeEventToDiscord` reads `current_period_end` off
the subscription object, which recent API versions moved onto
`items.data[]`. Pre-existing and cosmetic (a Discord line is silently
skipped), so it is left alone here.

## Left out

`inertiajs/inertia-laravel` 2.0 -> 3.3. It needs `@inertiajs/react` 3
alongside it plus a full UI pass, so it gets its own PR.

## Verification

- Full suite (Browser excluded): 2102 passed, 1 skipped, 1 incomplete
- Performance suite: 25 passed
- phpstan: clean · pint: clean · prettier/eslint: clean
- Browser suite (pest-plugin-browser 4.3 -> 5.0) and `bun run types` are
left to CI — the worktree has no build, and local `--parallel` can't run
because each paratest worker boots its own testcontainer whose `testing`
user lacks CREATE.
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@ -278,6 +278,20 @@ class MyAgent implements Agent
The `#[UseCheapestModel]` and `#[UseSmartestModel]` attributes are also available for automatic model selection.
The `#[WithoutBroadcasting]` attribute stops the given stream event types from broadcasting (e.g. data-heavy `ToolResult` payloads that exceed the WebSocket frame limit). The events are still streamed and persisted; they just never hit the channel:
```php
use Laravel\Ai\Attributes\WithoutBroadcasting;
use Laravel\Ai\Streaming\Events\{ToolCall, ToolResult};
#[WithoutBroadcasting(ToolResult::class, ToolCall::class)]
class SearchAgent implements Agent, HasTools
{
use Promptable;
// ...
}
```
### Tools
Implement the `HasTools` interface and scaffold tools with `php artisan make:tool`:
@ -391,6 +405,38 @@ $store->assertAdded('file_id');
- Artisan commands: `php artisan make:agent`, `php artisan make:tool`
- Global helper: `agent()` for anonymous agents
## OpenAI-Compatible Provider
Point the SDK at any OpenAI-compatible endpoint (LM Studio, vLLM, Together, etc.) with the config-driven `openai-compatible` driver. Define named instances in `config/ai.php`, no code required:
```php
'my-llm' => [
'driver' => 'openai-compatible',
'url' => env('MY_LLM_URL'), // required
'key' => env('MY_LLM_API_KEY'), // optional Bearer token
'models' => [
'text' => ['default' => 'some-chat-model'],
'embeddings' => [
'default' => 'some-embedding-model',
'dimensions' => 1024, // optional; omit to use native dimensions
],
],
],
```
Reference it by config key (or `Lab::OpenAiCompatible`). A model is required via the corresponding `models` configuration or per-call `model:`:
```php
agent()->prompt('Hello', provider: 'my-llm', model: 'some-model');
Embeddings::for(['Hello'])->generate(
provider: 'my-llm',
model: 'some-embedding-model',
);
```
It uses OpenAI-standard shapes and supports text, streaming, tools, structured output, image attachments, and text embeddings. Embedding dimensions are optional; omit them to use the model's native dimensions. For extra request-body fields, implement `HasProviderOptions` — the returned array is merged into the body.
## Common Pitfalls
### Wrong Namespace
@ -416,11 +462,11 @@ Calling a capability not supported by a provider throws a `LogicException`. Refe
| Feature | Providers |
| ---------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Text | OpenAI, Anthropic, Gemini, Azure, Groq, xAI, DeepSeek, Mistral, Ollama |
| Text | OpenAI, Anthropic, Gemini, Azure, Groq, xAI, DeepSeek, Mistral, Ollama, OpenRouter, OpenAI-compatible |
| Images | OpenAI, Gemini, xAI |
| TTS | OpenAI, ElevenLabs |
| STT | OpenAI, ElevenLabs, Mistral |
| Embeddings | OpenAI, Gemini, Azure, Cohere, Mistral, Jina, VoyageAI |
| Embeddings | OpenAI, OpenAI-compatible, Gemini, Azure, Cohere, Mistral, Jina, VoyageAI |
| Reranking | Cohere, Jina |
| Files | OpenAI, Anthropic, Gemini |
@ -432,5 +478,6 @@ use Laravel\Ai\Enums\Lab;
Lab::Anthropic;
Lab::OpenAI;
Lab::Gemini;
Lab::OpenAiCompatible; // configurable OpenAI-compatible endpoint
// ...
```
```

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@ -8,16 +8,6 @@ metadata:
# Cashier Stripe Development
## When to Apply
Activate this skill when:
- Installing or configuring Laravel Cashier Stripe
- Setting up subscriptions, trials, quantities, or plan swapping
- Handling webhooks or SCA/3DS payment failures
- Working with Stripe Checkout, invoices, or charges
- Testing billing scenarios with Stripe test cards or tokens
## Documentation
Use `search-docs` for detailed Cashier patterns and documentation covering subscriptions, webhooks, Stripe Checkout, invoices, payment methods, and testing.
@ -105,4 +95,4 @@ Always wrap subscription creation in a try/catch for `IncompletePayment`. When a
- In MySQL, the `stripe_id` column must use `utf8_bin` collation to avoid case-sensitivity issues.
- `noProrate()` has no effect when combined with `swapAndInvoice()`. That method always prorates.
- Methods like `withPromotionCode()` require the Stripe API ID such as `promo_xxxx`, not the customer-facing code. Use `findPromotionCode()` to resolve a code to its ID.
- Always use `search-docs` for the latest Cashier documentation rather than relying on this skill alone.
- Always use `search-docs` for the latest Cashier documentation rather than relying on this skill alone.

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@ -105,4 +105,4 @@ $user->newSubscription('default')
$user->reportMeterEvent('emails-sent');
$user->reportMeterEvent('emails-sent', quantity: 15);
```
```

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@ -49,4 +49,4 @@ public function test_incomplete_payment_is_handled(): void
- Use Stripe test mode keys (`sk_test_...`, `pk_test_...`) in your test environment
- Cashier does not ship a global `fake()` helper. Tests hit the real Stripe test API by default.
- Refer to `tests/Feature/` in the Cashier package itself for integration test patterns covering subscription creation, payment methods, and webhook handling
- Use `search-docs` for current guidance on mocking Stripe HTTP calls or using Stripe's test clock feature for time-sensitive scenarios
- Use `search-docs` for current guidance on mocking Stripe HTTP calls or using Stripe's test clock feature for time-sensitive scenarios

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@ -129,4 +129,4 @@ Event::listen(WebhookReceived::class, function (WebhookReceived $event) {
## Signature Verification
`VerifyWebhookSignature` middleware is applied automatically when `cashier.webhook.secret` is set. No extra wiring is needed.
`VerifyWebhookSignature` middleware is applied automatically when `cashier.webhook.secret` is set. No extra wiring is needed.

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@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
---
name: fortify-development
description: Laravel Fortify headless authentication backend development. Activate when implementing authentication features including login, registration, password reset, email verification, two-factor authentication (2FA/TOTP), profile updates, headless auth, authentication scaffolding, or auth guards in Laravel applications.
description: 'ACTIVATE when the user works on authentication in Laravel. This includes login, registration, password reset, email verification, two-factor authentication (2FA/TOTP/QR codes/recovery codes), passkeys, profile updates, password confirmation, or any auth-related routes and controllers. Activate when the user mentions Fortify, auth, authentication, login, register, signup, forgot password, verify email, 2FA, passkeys, WebAuthn, or references app/Actions/Fortify/, CreateNewUser, UpdateUserProfileInformation, FortifyServiceProvider, config/fortify.php, or auth guards. Fortify is the frontend-agnostic authentication backend for Laravel that registers all auth routes and controllers. Also activate when building SPA or headless authentication, customizing login redirects, overriding response contracts like LoginResponse, or configuring login throttling. Do NOT activate for Laravel Passport (OAuth2 API tokens), Socialite (OAuth social login), or non-auth Laravel features.'
license: MIT
metadata:
author: laravel
---
# Laravel Fortify Development
@ -29,6 +32,7 @@ Enable in `config/fortify.php` features array:
- `Features::updateProfileInformation()` - Profile updates
- `Features::updatePasswords()` - Password changes
- `Features::twoFactorAuthentication()` - 2FA with QR codes and recovery codes
- `Features::passkeys()` - Passwordless authentication with WebAuthn passkeys
> Use `search-docs` for feature configuration options and customization patterns.
@ -47,6 +51,18 @@ Enable in `config/fortify.php` features array:
> Use `search-docs` for TOTP implementation and recovery code handling patterns.
### Passkeys Setup
```
- [ ] Add PasskeyAuthenticatable trait to User model and implement PasskeyUser
- [ ] Enable passkeys feature in config/fortify.php
- [ ] If the passkeys table migration is missing, publish via `php artisan vendor:publish --tag=fortify-migrations` and migrate
- [ ] Configure passkeys relying_party_id, allowed_origins, user_handle_secret, and timeout if defaults are not suitable
- [ ] Build UI with @laravel/passkeys for registration, login, confirmation, and deletion
```
> Use `search-docs` for passkey configuration options. For `@laravel/passkeys` frontend usage, refer to the package's README on npm.
### Email Verification Setup
```
@ -125,4 +141,11 @@ Configure via `fortify.limiters.login` in config. Default configuration throttle
| Confirm 2FA | POST | `/user/confirmed-two-factor-authentication` |
| 2FA Challenge | POST | `/two-factor-challenge` |
| Get QR Code | GET | `/user/two-factor-qr-code` |
| Recovery Codes | GET/POST | `/user/two-factor-recovery-codes` |
| Recovery Codes | GET/POST | `/user/two-factor-recovery-codes` |
| Passkey Login Options | GET | `/passkeys/login/options` |
| Passkey Login | POST | `/passkeys/login` |
| Passkey Confirm Options| GET | `/passkeys/confirm/options` |
| Passkey Confirm | POST | `/passkeys/confirm` |
| Passkey Options | GET | `/user/passkeys/options` |
| Register Passkey | POST | `/user/passkeys` |
| Delete Passkey | DELETE | `/user/passkeys/{passkey}` |

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@ -358,4 +358,4 @@ Server-side patterns (Inertia::render, props, middleware) are covered in inertia
- Forgetting to add loading states (skeleton screens) when using deferred props
- Not handling the `undefined` state of deferred props before data loads
- Using `<form>` without preventing default submission (use `<Form>` component or `e.preventDefault()`)
- Forgetting to check if `<Form>` component is available in your Inertia version
- Forgetting to check if `<Form>` component is available in your Inertia version

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@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
---
name: infer-conventions
description: "Use this skill to analyze how a Laravel application is actually written and record its conventions as shared rules. Trigger when the user wants to detect, infer, document, or standardize project conventions or coding style, set up or grow `.ai/rules`, resolve mixed or conflicting patterns (e.g. \"are we using Form Requests or inline validation?\"), or onboard agents and teammates to \"how we do things here\". Covers: a systematic sweep of ~49 Laravel convention dimensions (validation, models, architecture, testing, frontend, database, console), open-ended house-pattern discovery, conflict reporting, and recording rules scoped to the right paths via the Boost `record-rule` MCP tool. Do not use for one-off code review, enforcing formatting a linter already handles, or editing `.ai/rules` files by hand."
license: MIT
metadata:
author: laravel
---
# Infer Conventions
Learn how this application writes Laravel, then record what you learn as durable, path-scoped rules other agents will read. You are documenting reality, not improving it.
## Ground Rules (read before you start)
- Consistency first. The codebase's majority style is the convention. Never judge it, never propose a "better" pattern, never record what the code should do. If the app validates inline everywhere, that is the rule, even if Form Requests would be nicer.
- Skip what an active tool produces, keep what a tool would fight. Inspect the project's Pint and Rector configuration first; a Rector transformation is tooling-owned only when its package and relevant rule or set are installed and enabled. Active tools may rewrite code toward one canonical form: `$casts` to `casts()`, `$fillable` to attributes, magic accessors to the `Attribute` class, pipe-string rules to arrays, `$signature` to `#[Signature]`, named migrations to anonymous, and many more. When the app already sits at an active tool's target form, the tool owns it, so record nothing. But when the app deliberately holds a form an active tool would refactor away, such as legacy `getXxxAttribute()` accessors the `Attribute` class would replace, no tool can reproduce that choice and an agent defaults the other way. That against-the-grain hold is exactly what to record.
- Record decisions, not defaults. A consistent pattern earns a rule only when it reflects a choice: the app took one valid option where the framework or common practice offered others, or the pattern would surprise a competent agent. Framework defaults steer nothing, so skip them: anonymous migrations, `$signature` commands, `ShouldQueue` jobs, `casts()` on Laravel 11+, named routes, Rule objects in `app/Rules`, and `Mail::fake()` or `Bus::fake()` to isolate framework services. A real fork is not enough on its own. Weigh the side the app took, and record only the side an agent would not reach for by itself: inline closures everywhere, legacy accessors, a bespoke query layer. Watch for the false fork too. "No Mockery" next to facade fakes is not a choice against Mockery, because they double different things. The test for every candidate: without this rule, would the next agent plausibly write it differently? Only "yes" earns a rule.
- Architecture choices are the gold. Record presence and deliberate absence. The structural pattern the app commits to is the highest-signal convention and the one no tool can decide: Action classes and how they are invoked (`handle` / `execute` / `__invoke`), service objects, dedicated query objects exposing `builder()`, DTOs (spatie/laravel-data vs readonly classes), Form Request validation vs inline, an events and listeners spine vs direct calls, and domain or module folders. Also record a consistent non-pattern, such as "query Eloquent directly in controllers, no repository layer", so the next agent matches the app's altitude instead of over-engineering.
- Never duplicate `.ai/rules`. Read `.ai/rules/index.md` and the area files before the sweep. A dimension already covered there is marked done and skipped.
- Evidence or silence. A convention needs at least 3 consistent examples and no meaningful rival to become a candidate. Every Step 1 verdict applies this bar.
- The recorded rule states the convention, nothing else. One or two imperative lines: this project does X, so do X here. Keep detection evidence out. No counts, ratios, current usage, file lists, or example paths, because that is proof for the confirm step, not part of the rule. One short syntax fragment at most, and point to `search-docs` for API details.
## Process
Each step ends on a checkable completion criterion. Do not advance until it holds.
Fan out when you can. The sweep is embarrassingly parallel. If your environment can spawn subagents (a Task, dispatch, or equivalent tool), do Step 0 yourself, then hand each checklist group (A to J) and the architecture map to its own subagent. Each subagent runs the greps, reads a few representative files, and returns structured verdicts (dimension, verdict, evidence, proposed glob / title / note). You aggregate, dedupe, then run Steps 3 to 5. It is far faster on a real app. No subagents available? Run the steps in sequence, with the same bar and the same output.
### Step 0: Orient
Read `composer.json` (installed packages tell you which checklist groups apply), the `pint.json` / PHPStan / Rector config, `.ai/rules/index.md` if present, and most important, map the `app/` tree. List every directory under `app/` (and any `Modules/`, `src/`, `packages/`, or domain root). Every folder beyond Laravel's default skeleton (`Http`, `Models`, `Providers`, `Console`, `Exceptions`) is a structural pattern the app committed to and a high-value rule waiting to be written: `Actions`, `Services`, `Data` or DTOs, `Queries`, `Repositories`, `ViewModels`, `Pipelines`, `Support`, `Enums`, `Contracts`, `Observers`, or `Domain` and module roots. Note each one. You will confirm how it is used in Step 2.
This app ships a frontend stack, so the frontend checklist group applies. Sweep it.
Done when: you have the applicable checklist groups, the dimensions already recorded in `.ai/rules`, and a list of every non-default `app/` directory mapped to the pattern it represents.
### Step 1: Predefined sweep
Open `references/checklist.md` and work every applicable dimension using its search hints. Give each exactly one verdict:
- Pattern. Clears the bar, rival under ~20% of sites, and reflects a real choice (passes the decisions-not-defaults test). A recording candidate. Cite 2 to 3 example files.
- Conflict. Both styles present in meaningful numbers. Report the split with counts and example files. Never record a preferred winner while the code remains mixed, even in yolo, because that would describe an aspiration rather than reality. Record only if the user identifies a stable path or context boundary that explains both styles; otherwise defer until the code is reconciled.
- Default. Consistent, but a framework or common-practice default the agent already writes unprompted. Skip it as a no-op, not a convention.
- No signal. Under the bar: feature unused, or too few examples. Skip silently (one summary line at most).
- Tooling-owned or Already-recorded. Skip per the ground rules.
Done when: every applicable dimension carries exactly one of those verdicts.
### Step 2: Open-ended pass
First, close out the architecture map from Step 0. For every non-default `app/` directory you listed, confirm how the pattern is used and apply the same evidence and decisions-not-defaults tests as Step 1. Generator-standard or sparsely used directories such as `Rules`, `Observers`, `Mail`, and `Notifications` are signals to inspect, not automatic conventions. Make genuine structural patterns candidates: Action classes invoked via `handle` / `execute` / `__invoke`, Services constructor-injected, `Queries` objects exposing `builder(): Builder`, DTOs as readonly classes or spatie/laravel-data, module or domain folders as the unit of organization. Scope each qualifying pattern to its own directory glob. Also record a consistent deliberate absence, such as "no repository layer, controllers query Eloquent directly", so the next agent matches the app's altitude.
Then find what else makes this codebase itself: base or abstract classes most code extends, traits used everywhere, tenancy or authorization scoping woven through queries, naming schemes, and custom helpers. Same evidence bar, cite files. Record every genuine structural pattern, and cap the other house findings at ~5 so the pass stays high-signal.
Done when: every non-default `app/` directory from Step 0 has a verdict, and the pass has produced its cited house findings (or concluded there are none).
### Step 3: Confirm
Present every candidate in one batch. Per item: dimension, verdict, evidence (counts and files), and the exact proposed `glob` or `globs` / `title` / `note`. Conflicts are presented as questions about an existing context boundary or deferred cleanup, not as a choice of future style.
Default mode is confirm: record only what the user approves. Switch to yolo only when the invocation said so ("yolo", "don't ask", "just record them"), then record all pattern candidates without asking. Conflicts still go to the user in yolo.
Done when: every candidate is approved, rejected, or (conflicts) decided.
### Step 4: Record
Make one `record-rule` call for each glob an approved convention applies to. Choose the most specific globs that cover the cited evidence from the mapping table below; if a convention spans models and migrations, record it under both domains so agents discover it from either path. The `note` is the bare convention: strip every trace of detection (see the ground rule). If `record-rule` is unavailable (rules disabled), report the full rule text so the user can enable `BOOST_RULES_ENABLED` or add it by hand.
Record this:
> Accessors and mutators: use the legacy magic-method style (`getXxxAttribute()` / `setXxxAttribute()`), not the `Attribute` class. Match it in models.
Not this:
> Accessors/mutators use the legacy magic-method style; the `Attribute`-class style is not used anywhere (13 legacy, 0 Attribute-class), e.g. `app/Models/Post.php`. Match the legacy style in existing models.
Done when: every approved item has a successful tool response, and any failure is reported with its rule text.
### Step 5: Summarize
List recorded rules (file and title), conflicts the user deferred, notable no-signals, and remind the user to commit `.ai/rules` so their team and agents share the conventions.
## Glob mapping
Attach each rule to the most specific path that covers its evidence. Never a lazy `app/**` when a subtree fits. Match the glob to where the code actually lives, which is not the same in a default skeleton and in a modular or DDD layout. Use the Step 0 `app/` map to pick the real path.
Examples:
- Models: `app/Models/**` in a default app, or `app/Modules/Blog/Models/**` / `src/Domain/Blog/**` in a modular one.
- Controllers, routing, validation, responses: `app/Http/**`, or `app/Modules/*/Http/**` when each module owns its HTTP layer.
- Actions, Services, DTOs: `app/Actions/**`, `app/Services/**`, `app/Data/**`, or the module path the app actually uses.
- Tests: `tests/**`.
- Migrations and database: `database/migrations/**`.
- Truly app-wide (rare, e.g. auth retrieval): `app/**`.
`record-rule` takes one glob. When a convention genuinely spans two domains (e.g. UUID keys touch models and migrations), call it once per domain with the same title and note; mentioning another path in the note does not make the rule discoverable there.
## Edge cases
- Rules disabled or `record-rule` missing: detection is read-only, so Steps 0 to 3 still run, and recording falls back to the manual path in Step 4.
- Tiny or fresh app: most dimensions land on no-signal. Say so honestly ("not enough code to infer conventions yet") and record nothing.
- Huge app: each dimension is a bounded grep plus a handful of file reads. Sample representative files, do not read everything.
- Re-runs: reading `.ai/rules` in Step 0 makes re-runs incremental, so only new or undecided dimensions surface.
- Non-standard layout (modules, DDD): the open-ended pass catches the layout itself as convention #1. Adapt the globs in the mapping table to the observed paths.

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@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
# Detection Checklist
Every dimension here is a genuine fork: Laravel offers two or more valid approaches, the app's choice changes what the next agent writes, and no active project tool can pick for you. Left out on purpose: pure formatting (Pint owns it), any form an installed and enabled Rector rule rewrites to one canonical shape (`$casts` to `casts()`, `$fillable` to attributes, pipe-string rules to arrays, named to anonymous migrations, `$signature` to `#[Signature]`), and framework defaults any agent writes unprompted (`ShouldQueue` jobs, relation return types, `HasFactory`).
Each item gives the fork, then a hint (a grep or dir to spot which side the app takes). Hints are only a start. Read the matched files, never record on a raw count. Apply the ground rules to every verdict: a consistent choice that is a default or a tool's target form is not a pattern. Rows tagged (architecture) are the highest-signal, so record presence and deliberate absence.
---
## A. Validation & HTTP input
1. Validation entry point: inline `$request->validate()` vs Form Request classes vs `Validator::make()`.
- Hint: `ls app/Http/Requests`; grep `->validate(` / `Validator::make(` in `app/Http/Controllers`.
2. Custom rule location: invokable rule objects in `app/Rules` vs inline closures vs `Validator::extend()` in a provider. Rule objects are the default `make:rule` path, so record only if the app leans on closures or `Validator::extend` instead. "No rule objects" alone is just no-signal.
- Hint: `ls app/Rules`; grep `Validator::extend` in `app/Providers`.
3. Typed input retrieval: typed getters (`$request->string()`, `->integer()`, `->enum()`, `->date()`) vs raw `$request->input()` / dynamic properties.
- Hint: grep `->string(` / `->integer(` / `->enum(` vs `->input(` in `app/Http`.
4. Custom messages/attributes: `lang/*/validation.php` vs Form Request `messages()` / `attributes()` methods.
- Hint: `ls lang`; grep `function messages`, `function attributes` in `app/Http/Requests`.
## B. Controllers & routing
5. Controller shape: invokable single-action (`__invoke`) vs resource controllers vs plain multi-method.
- Hint: grep `__invoke` in controllers; `Route::resource` / `apiResource` vs verb routes.
6. Business-logic location (architecture): fat controllers vs delegated to Actions / Services / Jobs.
- Hint: read a few controller methods; `ls app/Actions app/Services`.
7. Route handler style: closures in `routes/*.php` vs controller classes.
- Hint: count `function ()` vs `::class` in `routes/web.php`, `routes/api.php`.
8. Middleware assignment: route/group `->middleware()` vs controller `HasMiddleware::middleware()` vs `#[Middleware]` attribute.
- Hint: grep `implements HasMiddleware`, `#[Middleware(` in controllers vs `->middleware(` in routes.
9. Route model binding: implicit (type-hinted models) vs explicit `Route::bind` vs manual `findOrFail`.
- Hint: typed model params in signatures vs `findOrFail(` in controllers; grep `Route::bind`.
10. Rate limiting: named `RateLimiter::for()` + `throttle:name` vs inline `throttle:60,1`.
- Hint: grep `RateLimiter::for` in providers vs `throttle:` in route files.
## C. Authorization
11. Authorization home: Gates (`Gate::define`) vs Policy classes in `app/Policies`.
- Hint: `ls app/Policies`; grep `Gate::define` in `app/Providers`.
12. Authorization call site: `$this->authorize()` / `Gate::authorize()` vs `$user->can()` vs `can` middleware vs `#[Authorize]` vs `@can` in Blade.
- Hint: grep `authorize(`, `->can(`, `middleware('can:`, `#[Authorize(`, `@can(`.
## D. Eloquent & models
13. Mass assignment: `$fillable` allow-list vs `$guarded` block-list.
- Hint: grep `protected $fillable` / `protected $guarded` in `app/Models`.
14. Accessors/mutators: modern `Attribute` class vs legacy `getXxxAttribute()` / `setXxxAttribute()`. Record a legacy hold, it goes against the tool's grain.
- Hint: grep `: Attribute` / `Attribute::make` vs `function get[A-Z].*Attribute` in `app/Models`.
15. Primary keys: auto-increment vs `HasUuids` vs `HasUlids`.
- Hint: grep `HasUuids` / `HasUlids` in `app/Models`; migration `id()` vs `uuid('id')`.
16. Custom casts: dedicated `CastsAttributes` classes (`app/Casts`) vs inline `Attribute` vs built-in cast strings.
- Hint: `ls app/Casts`; grep `Cast::class`, `AsStringable::class` in models.
17. Data/query layer (architecture): Eloquent directly in controllers vs repositories vs dedicated query objects (e.g. classes exposing `builder(): Builder`).
- Hint: `ls app/Repositories app/Queries`; see where non-trivial queries are built.
18. Query scopes: local `scope`/`#[Scope]` methods vs dedicated builder classes.
- Hint: grep `function scope` / `#[Scope]` in models; `ls app/*/Builders`.
19. Model events: observers (`app/Observers`, `#[ObservedBy]`) vs `booted()` closures vs event classes.
- Hint: `ls app/Observers`; grep `booted`, `::observe`, `#[ObservedBy]`.
20. Eager-load posture: explicit per-query `->with()` vs model-level `$with` defaults. Treat `preventLazyLoading()` separately as a development guard because it can complement either posture.
- Hint: grep `protected $with`, `->with(`, and separately `preventLazyLoading` in `app/`.
## E. Architecture & organization
21. Action/Service structure (architecture): Action classes (invoked via `handle` / `execute` / `__invoke`) vs service objects vs neither. Cross-check the Step 0 `app/` map: any `Actions`/`Services`/`Pipelines`/`Jobs`-as-actions folder is this pattern, so record how it is invoked.
- Hint: `ls app/` (the whole tree, not just `Actions`/`Services`); grep the invocation method in the folder you find.
22. DTOs (architecture): spatie/laravel-data vs plain readonly classes vs arrays everywhere.
- Hint: `ls app/Data`; grep `extends Data`, `readonly class` in `app/`.
23. Dependency acquisition: constructor/method injection vs `app()` / `resolve()` / `App::make()` service location.
- Hint: grep `app(` / `resolve(` / `::make(` in `app/` vs promoted constructor deps.
24. Decoupling: events + listeners vs direct service calls.
- Hint: `ls app/Events app/Listeners`; grep `event(`, `::dispatch(`.
25. Helper vs facade idiom: global helpers (`config()`, `auth()`, `response()`) vs facades (`Config::`, `Auth::`, `Response::`).
- Hint: ratio of `config(` vs `Config::` (etc.) across `app/`.
26. Namespace layout (architecture): default `app/` skeleton vs domain/module folders (`app/Domain/**`, modules).
- Hint: `ls app/`, look for `Domain/`, `Modules/`, bounded-context folders.
27. Enums: backed vs pure; case naming; where they live.
- Hint: `ls app/Enums`; grep `enum .*: string`, `enum .*: int`.
## F. Frontend & views
This app ships a frontend stack, so the items below apply.
28. Frontend stack: Blade+Livewire vs Inertia (Vue/React/Svelte) vs Blade-only / API + separate SPA.
- Hint: `composer.json` + `package.json`; `ls resources/js/pages`, `resources/views`.
29. Blade composition: class `<x-*>` components vs anonymous components (`@props`) vs `@include` partials.
- Hint: `ls app/View/Components`; grep `<x-`, `@include` in `resources/views`.
32. Localization: short keys (`lang/*/*.php` + `__('messages.welcome')`) vs JSON string keys (`lang/*.json` + `__('Full sentence')`).
- Hint: `ls lang`; grep dotted `__('` vs sentence keys.
## G. Database & migrations
33. Foreign keys: `foreignId()->constrained()` vs `foreignIdFor(Model::class)` vs manual `foreign()->references()->on()`.
- Hint: grep `foreignId(`, `foreignIdFor(`, `->foreign(` in `database/migrations`.
34. `down()` methods: real reverse logic vs omitted / one-way migrations.
- Hint: grep `function down` vs the migration count.
35. Enum storage: DB `enum()` column vs `string()` + PHP-enum cast on the model.
- Hint: grep `->enum(` in migrations vs string columns cast to enums.
36. Transactions: `DB::transaction(fn ...)` closure vs manual `beginTransaction` / `commit` / `rollBack`.
- Hint: grep `DB::transaction`, `beginTransaction` in `app/`.
37. Idempotent writes: `upsert` / `updateOrCreate` / `firstOrCreate` vs find-then-save.
- Hint: grep `upsert(`, `updateOrCreate(`, `firstOrCreate(` in `app/`.
## H. Testing
38. Framework: Pest (`it()` / `test()` / `expect()`) vs PHPUnit classes.
- Hint: `ls tests/Pest.php`; grep `it(` / `test(` vs `extends TestCase`.
39. DB reset: `RefreshDatabase` vs `DatabaseTruncation` vs `DatabaseMigrations`.
- Hint: grep those trait names in `tests/`.
40. Fixtures: compare how equivalent test-owned records are created, such as factories vs manual inserts. Track seeders separately for shared reference data because `$this->seed()` commonly and legitimately coexists with factories.
- Hint: grep `::factory(` and direct inserts in `tests/`; separately inspect `$this->seed(` calls and what those seeders provide.
41. Collaborator isolation: how the app doubles its own classes, Mockery `mock()` / `spy()` vs real integration. Ignore facade fakes like `Mail::fake()` here, they isolate framework services by default and are not a fork against Mockery.
- Hint: grep `->mock(`, `->spy(`, `Mockery::` in `tests/`.
42. Endpoint assertions: array `assertJson([...])` / `assertJsonFragment` vs fluent `AssertableJson`.
- Hint: grep `AssertableJson`, `assertJsonFragment` in `tests/`.
## I. Responses & API resources
43. Response shape: API Resource classes vs `response()->json()` vs returning models/arrays directly.
- Hint: `ls app/Http/Resources`; grep `JsonResource`, `->json(` in controllers.
44. Resource relationship inclusion: `whenLoaded()` guards vs unconditional relationship access. Do not count ordinary scalar attributes as rivals to conditional relationships, and evaluate general `when()` fields separately.
- Hint: compare relationship fields using `whenLoaded(` with unconditional relationship property access in `app/Http/Resources`.
45. Pagination contracts: within comparable endpoint categories, length-aware `paginate()` vs `simplePaginate()` vs `cursorPaginate()`. These have different totals, navigation, ordering, and performance contracts, so record only a stable path-scoped API policy, never a project-wide majority.
- Hint: grep those in `app/`, then group matches by endpoint type and client contract before comparing them.
46. Web redirects/URLs: `route('name')` vs `url('/path')` vs `action([...])`.
- Hint: grep `route('`, `url('/`, `action([` in `app/Http` and views.
## J. Strings, collections & dates
47. Iteration idiom: `collect()->map()->filter()` pipelines vs `array_map` / `foreach`.
- Hint: grep `collect(`, `->map(` vs `array_map`, `foreach` density in `app/`.
48. String API: fluent `Str::of()->...` (Stringable) vs static `Str::` vs native (`trim`, `strtoupper`).
- Hint: grep `Str::of(` vs `Str::` vs native string funcs.
49. Dates: compare equivalent construction call styles (`now()` / `today()` helpers vs `Carbon::`) separately from the application's mutable/immutable date policy. `Date::use(CarbonImmutable::class)` can make helpers return immutable dates, so those signals are complementary rather than conflicting.
- Hint: grep `now(` and `Carbon::` for call style; separately inspect `CarbonImmutable` and `Date::use` for mutability policy.
---
Genuine forks only. Every row survived the "no tool can decide this, and it isn't the default" filter. Give each applicable dimension exactly one verdict: pattern, conflict, default, no-signal, tooling-owned, or already-recorded. The rows tagged (architecture) are where the highest-value rules come from.

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---
name: laravel-best-practices
description: "Apply this skill whenever writing, reviewing, or refactoring Laravel PHP code. This includes creating or modifying controllers, models, migrations, form requests, policies, jobs, scheduled commands, service classes, and Eloquent queries. Triggers for N+1 and query performance issues, caching strategies, authorization and security patterns, validation, error handling, queue and job configuration, route definitions, and architectural decisions. Also use for Laravel code reviews and refactoring existing Laravel code to follow best practices. Covers any task involving Laravel backend PHP code patterns."
license: MIT
metadata:
author: laravel
---
# Laravel Best Practices
Best practices for Laravel, organized as an index of rule files. Each rule file teaches what to do and why. For exact API syntax, verify with `search-docs`.
## Consistency First
Before applying any rule, check what the application already does. Laravel offers multiple valid approaches, and the best choice is the one the codebase already uses, even if another pattern would be theoretically better. Inconsistency is worse than a suboptimal pattern.
Check sibling files, related controllers, models, or tests for established patterns. If one exists, follow it. Don't introduce a second way. These rules are defaults for when no pattern exists yet, not overrides.
## How to Apply
1. Check the changed files, nearby code, project configuration, and relevant tests for established patterns. Deviate only for a correctness or security defect, and call the deviation out.
2. Map every affected concern to the rule index below. Read each mapped rule file before editing. Skip unrelated rule files.
3. Make the smallest coherent change. Keep the application's architecture and naming instead of introducing a second pattern for the same job.
4. Verify version-sensitive Laravel APIs for the installed version with `search-docs`, or inspect the installed framework when it is unavailable.
5. Run the narrowest relevant tests first, then the project's formatting and static-analysis checks when the change warrants them.
6. Re-read the diff against every mapped rule before finishing.
## Rule Index
Cross-cutting changes often need more than one rule file.
| Concern | Read |
| --- | --- |
| Query count, eager loading, indexes, large datasets | [`rules/db-performance.md`](rules/db-performance.md) |
| Subqueries, aggregates, complex ordering and query plans | [`rules/advanced-queries.md`](rules/advanced-queries.md) |
| Models, relationships, scopes, casts | [`rules/eloquent.md`](rules/eloquent.md) |
| Authentication, authorization, input safety, secrets, uploads | [`rules/security.md`](rules/security.md) |
| Form Requests and validation rules | [`rules/validation.md`](rules/validation.md) |
| Controllers, route binding, resources, middleware | [`rules/routing.md`](rules/routing.md) |
| Schema changes, columns, foreign keys, indexes | [`rules/migrations.md`](rules/migrations.md) |
| Jobs, retries, uniqueness, batches, Horizon | [`rules/queue-jobs.md`](rules/queue-jobs.md) |
| Cache lifetime, invalidation, locks, memoization | [`rules/caching.md`](rules/caching.md) |
| Outbound requests, retries, timeouts, fakes | [`rules/http-client.md`](rules/http-client.md) |
| Exceptions, reporting, rendering, log context | [`rules/error-handling.md`](rules/error-handling.md) |
| Events and notifications | [`rules/events-notifications.md`](rules/events-notifications.md) |
| Mailables and mail assertions | [`rules/mail.md`](rules/mail.md) |
| Scheduled tasks and overlap protection | [`rules/scheduling.md`](rules/scheduling.md) |
| Collections, lazy iteration, bulk operations | [`rules/collections.md`](rules/collections.md) |
| Blade components, attributes, composers | [`rules/blade-views.md`](rules/blade-views.md) |
| Environment values and application configuration | [`rules/config.md`](rules/config.md) |
| Pest/PHPUnit patterns, factories, fakes | [`rules/testing.md`](rules/testing.md) |
| Naming, helpers, file boundaries, PHP style | [`rules/style.md`](rules/style.md) |
| Actions, services, dependencies, application structure | [`rules/architecture.md`](rules/architecture.md) |
## Decision Rules
- Prefer framework features and existing application abstractions over new helpers or dependencies.
- Avoid speculative abstractions. Extract code when it creates a clear domain boundary, removes meaningful duplication, or makes behavior independently testable.
- Keep database access out of Blade views and prevent hidden N+1 queries across controllers, resources, jobs, and serialization.

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# Advanced Query Patterns
## Use `addSelect()` Subqueries for Single Values from Has-Many
Instead of eager-loading an entire has-many relationship for a single value (like the latest timestamp), use a correlated subquery via `addSelect()`. This pulls the value directly in the main SQL query — zero extra queries.
```php
public function scopeWithLastLoginAt($query): void
{
$query->addSelect([
'last_login_at' => Login::select('created_at')
->whereColumn('user_id', 'users.id')
->latest()
->take(1),
])->withCasts(['last_login_at' => 'datetime']);
}
```
## Create Dynamic Relationships via Subquery FK
Extend the `addSelect()` pattern to fetch a foreign key via subquery, then define a `belongsTo` relationship on that virtual attribute. This provides a fully-hydrated related model without loading the entire collection.
```php
public function lastLogin(): BelongsTo
{
return $this->belongsTo(Login::class);
}
public function scopeWithLastLogin($query): void
{
$query->addSelect([
'last_login_id' => Login::select('id')
->whereColumn('user_id', 'users.id')
->latest()
->take(1),
])->with('lastLogin');
}
```
## Use Conditional Aggregates Instead of Multiple Count Queries
Replace N separate `count()` queries with a single query using `CASE WHEN` inside `selectRaw()`. Use `toBase()` to skip model hydration when you only need scalar values.
```php
$statuses = Feature::toBase()
->selectRaw("count(case when status = 'Requested' then 1 end) as requested")
->selectRaw("count(case when status = 'Planned' then 1 end) as planned")
->selectRaw("count(case when status = 'Completed' then 1 end) as completed")
->first();
```
## Use `setRelation()` to Prevent Circular N+1
When a parent model is eager-loaded with its children, and the view also needs `$child->parent`, use `setRelation()` to inject the already-loaded parent rather than letting Eloquent fire N additional queries.
```php
$feature->load('comments.user');
$feature->comments->each->setRelation('feature', $feature);
```
## Prefer `whereIn` + Subquery Over `whereHas`
`whereHas()` emits a correlated `EXISTS` subquery that re-executes per row. Using `whereIn()` with a `select('id')` subquery lets the database use an index lookup instead, without loading data into PHP memory.
Incorrect (correlated EXISTS re-executes per row):
```php
$query->whereHas('company', fn ($q) => $q->where('name', 'like', $term));
```
Correct (index-friendly subquery, no PHP memory overhead):
```php
$query->whereIn('company_id', Company::where('name', 'like', $term)->select('id'));
```
## Sometimes Two Simple Queries Beat One Complex Query
Running a small, targeted secondary query and passing its results via `whereIn` is often faster than a single complex correlated subquery or join. The additional round-trip is worthwhile when the secondary query is highly selective and uses its own index.
## Use Compound Indexes Matching `orderBy` Column Order
When ordering by multiple columns, create a single compound index in the same column order as the `ORDER BY` clause. Individual single-column indexes cannot combine for multi-column sorts — the database will filesort without a compound index.
```php
// Migration
$table->index(['last_name', 'first_name']);
// Query — column order must match the index
User::query()->orderBy('last_name')->orderBy('first_name')->paginate();
```
## Use Correlated Subqueries for Has-Many Ordering
When sorting by a value from a has-many relationship, avoid joins (they duplicate rows). Use a correlated subquery inside `orderBy()` instead, paired with an `addSelect` scope for eager loading.
```php
public function scopeOrderByLastLogin($query): void
{
$query->orderByDesc(Login::select('created_at')
->whereColumn('user_id', 'users.id')
->latest()
->take(1)
);
}
```

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# Architecture Best Practices
## Single-Purpose Action Classes
Extract discrete business operations into invokable Action classes.
```php
class CreateOrderAction
{
public function __construct(private InventoryService $inventory) {}
public function handle(array $data): Order
{
$order = Order::create($data);
$this->inventory->reserve($order);
return $order;
}
}
```
## Use Dependency Injection
Always use constructor injection. Avoid `app()` or `resolve()` inside classes.
Incorrect:
```php
class OrderController extends Controller
{
public function store(StoreOrderRequest $request)
{
$service = app(OrderService::class);
return $service->create($request->validated());
}
}
```
Correct:
```php
class OrderController extends Controller
{
public function __construct(private OrderService $service) {}
public function store(StoreOrderRequest $request)
{
return $this->service->create($request->validated());
}
}
```
## Code to Interfaces
Depend on contracts at system boundaries (payment gateways, notification channels, external APIs) for testability and swappability.
Incorrect (concrete dependency):
```php
class OrderService
{
public function __construct(private StripeGateway $gateway) {}
}
```
Correct (interface dependency):
```php
interface PaymentGateway
{
public function charge(int $amount, string $customerId): PaymentResult;
}
class OrderService
{
public function __construct(private PaymentGateway $gateway) {}
}
```
Bind in a service provider:
```php
$this->app->bind(PaymentGateway::class, StripeGateway::class);
```
## Default Sort by Descending
When no explicit order is specified, sort by `id` or `created_at` descending. Without an explicit `ORDER BY`, row order is undefined.
Incorrect:
```php
$posts = Post::paginate();
```
Correct:
```php
$posts = Post::latest()->paginate();
```
## Use Atomic Locks for Race Conditions
Prevent race conditions with `Cache::lock()` or `lockForUpdate()`.
```php
Cache::lock('order-processing-'.$order->id, 10)->block(5, function () use ($order) {
$order->process();
});
// Or at query level
$product = Product::where('id', $id)->lockForUpdate()->first();
```
## Use `mb_*` String Functions
When no Laravel helper exists, prefer `mb_strlen`, `mb_strtolower`, etc. for UTF-8 safety. Standard PHP string functions count bytes, not characters.
Incorrect:
```php
strlen('José'); // 5 (bytes, not characters)
strtolower('MÜNCHEN'); // 'mÜnchen' — fails on multibyte
```
Correct:
```php
mb_strlen('José'); // 4 (characters)
mb_strtolower('MÜNCHEN'); // 'münchen'
// Prefer Laravel's Str helpers when available
Str::length('José'); // 4
Str::lower('MÜNCHEN'); // 'münchen'
```
## Use `defer()` for Post-Response Work
For lightweight tasks that don't need to survive a crash (logging, analytics, cleanup), use `defer()` instead of dispatching a job. The callback runs after the HTTP response is sent — no queue overhead.
Incorrect (job overhead for trivial work):
```php
dispatch(new LogPageView($page));
```
Correct (runs after response, same process):
```php
defer(fn () => PageView::create(['page_id' => $page->id, 'user_id' => auth()->id()]));
```
Use jobs when the work must survive process crashes or needs retry logic. Use `defer()` for fire-and-forget work.
## Use `Context` for Request-Scoped Data
The `Context` facade passes data through the entire request lifecycle — middleware, controllers, jobs, logs — without passing arguments manually.
```php
// In middleware
Context::add('tenant_id', $request->header('X-Tenant-ID'));
// Anywhere later — controllers, jobs, log context
$tenantId = Context::get('tenant_id');
```
Context data automatically propagates to queued jobs and is included in log entries. Use `Context::addHidden()` for sensitive data that should be available in queued jobs but excluded from log context. If data must not leave the current process, do not store it in `Context`.
## Use `Concurrency::run()` for Parallel Execution
Run independent operations in parallel using child processes — no async libraries needed.
```php
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Concurrency;
[$users, $orders] = Concurrency::run([
fn () => User::count(),
fn () => Order::where('status', 'pending')->count(),
]);
```
Each closure runs in a separate process with full Laravel access. Use for independent database queries, API calls, or computations that would otherwise run sequentially.
## Convention Over Configuration
Follow Laravel conventions. Don't override defaults unnecessarily.
Incorrect:
```php
class Customer extends Model
{
protected $table = 'Customer';
protected $primaryKey = 'customer_id';
public function roles(): BelongsToMany
{
return $this->belongsToMany(Role::class, 'role_customer', 'customer_id', 'role_id');
}
}
```
Correct:
```php
class Customer extends Model
{
public function roles(): BelongsToMany
{
return $this->belongsToMany(Role::class);
}
}
```

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# Blade & Views Best Practices
## Use `$attributes->merge()` in Component Templates
Hardcoding classes prevents consumers from adding their own. `merge()` combines class attributes cleanly.
```blade
<div {{ $attributes->merge(['class' => 'alert alert-'.$type]) }}>
{{ $message }}
</div>
```
## Use `@pushOnce` for Per-Component Scripts
If a component renders inside a `@foreach`, `@push` inserts the script N times. `@pushOnce` guarantees it's included exactly once.
## Prefer Blade Components Over `@include`
`@include` shares all parent variables implicitly (hidden coupling). Components have explicit props, attribute bags, and slots.
## Use View Composers for Shared View Data
If every controller rendering a sidebar must pass `$categories`, that's duplicated code. A View Composer centralizes it.
## Use Blade Fragments for Partial Re-Renders (htmx/Turbo)
A single view can return either the full page or just a fragment, keeping routing clean.
```php
return view('dashboard', compact('users'))
->fragmentIf($request->hasHeader('HX-Request'), 'user-list');
```
## Use `@aware` for Deeply Nested Component Props
Avoids re-passing parent props through every level of nested components.

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# Caching Best Practices
## Use `Cache::remember()` Instead of Manual Get/Put
Cleaner cache-aside pattern that removes boilerplate. use `Cache::lock()` for race conditions.
Incorrect:
```php
$val = Cache::get('stats');
if (! $val) {
$val = $this->computeStats();
Cache::put('stats', $val, 60);
}
```
Correct:
```php
$val = Cache::remember('stats', 60, fn () => $this->computeStats());
```
## Use `Cache::flexible()` for Stale-While-Revalidate
On high-traffic keys, one user always gets a slow response when the cache expires. `flexible()` serves slightly stale data while refreshing in the background.
Incorrect: `Cache::remember('users', 300, fn () => User::all());`
Correct: `Cache::flexible('users', [300, 600], fn () => User::all());` — fresh for 5 min, stale-but-served up to 10 min, refreshes via deferred function.
## Use `Cache::memo()` to Avoid Redundant Hits Within a Request
If the same cache key is read multiple times per request (e.g., a service called from multiple places), `memo()` stores the resolved value in memory.
`Cache::memo()->get('settings');` — 5 calls = 1 Redis round-trip instead of 5.
## Use Cache Tags to Invalidate Related Groups
Without tags, invalidating a group of entries requires tracking every key. Tags let you flush atomically. Only works with `redis`, `memcached`, `dynamodb` — not `file` or `database`.
```php
Cache::tags(['user-1'])->flush();
```
## Use `Cache::add()` for Atomic Conditional Writes
`add()` only writes if the key does not exist — atomic, no race condition between checking and writing.
Incorrect: `if (! Cache::has('lock')) { Cache::put('lock', true, 10); }`
Correct: `Cache::add('lock', true, 10);`
## Use `once()` for Per-Request Memoization
`once()` memoizes a function's return value for the lifetime of the object (or request for closures). Unlike `Cache::memo()`, it doesn't hit the cache store at all — pure in-memory.
```php
public function roles(): Collection
{
return once(fn () => $this->loadRoles());
}
```
Multiple calls return the cached result without re-executing. Use `once()` for expensive computations called multiple times per request. Use `Cache::memo()` when you also want cross-request caching.
## Configure Failover Cache Stores in Production
If Redis goes down, the app falls back to a secondary store automatically.
```php
'failover' => ['driver' => 'failover', 'stores' => ['redis', 'database']],
```

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# Collection Best Practices
## Use Higher-Order Messages for Simple Operations
Incorrect:
```php
$users->each(function (User $user) {
$user->markAsVip();
});
```
Correct: `$users->each->markAsVip();`
Works with `each`, `map`, `sum`, `filter`, `reject`, `contains`, etc.
## Choose `cursor()` vs. `lazy()` Correctly
- `cursor()` — one model in memory, but cannot eager-load relationships (N+1 risk).
- `lazy()` — chunked pagination returning a flat LazyCollection, supports eager loading.
Incorrect: `User::with('roles')->cursor()` — eager loading silently ignored.
Correct: `User::with('roles')->lazy()` for relationship access; `User::cursor()` for attribute-only work.
## Use `lazyById()` When Updating Records While Iterating
`lazy()` uses offset pagination — updating records during iteration can skip or double-process. `lazyById()` uses `id > last_id`, safe against mutation.
## Use `toQuery()` for Bulk Operations on Collections
Avoids manual `whereIn` construction.
Incorrect: `User::whereIn('id', $users->pluck('id'))->update([...]);`
Correct: `$users->toQuery()->update([...]);`
## Use `#[CollectedBy]` for Custom Collection Classes
More declarative than overriding `newCollection()`.
```php
#[CollectedBy(UserCollection::class)]
class User extends Model {}
```

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# Configuration Best Practices
## `env()` Only in Config Files
Direct `env()` calls may return `null` when config is cached.
Incorrect:
```php
$key = env('API_KEY');
```
Correct:
```php
// config/services.php
'key' => env('API_KEY'),
// Application code
$key = config('services.key');
```
## Use Encrypted Env or External Secrets
Never store production secrets in plain `.env` files in version control.
Incorrect:
```bash
# .env committed to repo or shared in Slack
STRIPE_SECRET=sk_live_abc123
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=wJalrXUtnFEMI
```
Correct:
```bash
php artisan env:encrypt --env=production --readable
php artisan env:decrypt --env=production
```
For cloud deployments, prefer the platform's native secret store (AWS Secrets Manager, Vault, etc.) and inject at runtime.
## Use `App::environment()` for Environment Checks
Incorrect:
```php
if (env('APP_ENV') === 'production') {
```
Correct:
```php
if (app()->isProduction()) {
// or
if (App::environment('production')) {
```
## Use Constants and Language Files
Use class constants instead of hardcoded magic strings for model states, types, and statuses.
```php
// Incorrect
return $this->type === 'normal';
// Correct
return $this->type === self::TYPE_NORMAL;
```
If the application already uses language files for localization, use `__()` for user-facing strings too. Do not introduce language files purely for English-only apps — simple string literals are fine there.
```php
// Only when lang files already exist in the project
return back()->with('message', __('app.article_added'));
```

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# Database Performance Best Practices
## Always Eager Load Relationships
Lazy loading causes N+1 query problems — one query per loop iteration. Always use `with()` to load relationships upfront.
Incorrect (N+1 — executes 1 + N queries):
```php
$posts = Post::all();
foreach ($posts as $post) {
echo $post->author->name;
}
```
Correct (2 queries total):
```php
$posts = Post::with('author')->get();
foreach ($posts as $post) {
echo $post->author->name;
}
```
Constrain eager loads to select only needed columns (always include the foreign key):
```php
$users = User::with(['posts' => function ($query) {
$query->select('id', 'user_id', 'title')
->where('published', true)
->latest()
->limit(10);
}])->get();
```
## Prevent Lazy Loading in Development
Enable this in `AppServiceProvider::boot()` to catch N+1 issues during development.
```php
public function boot(): void
{
Model::preventLazyLoading(! app()->isProduction());
}
```
Throws `LazyLoadingViolationException` when a relationship is accessed without being eager-loaded.
## Select Only Needed Columns
Avoid `SELECT *` — especially when tables have large text or JSON columns.
Incorrect:
```php
$posts = Post::with('author')->get();
```
Correct:
```php
$posts = Post::select('id', 'title', 'user_id', 'created_at')
->with(['author:id,name,avatar'])
->get();
```
When selecting columns on eager-loaded relationships, always include the foreign key column or the relationship won't match.
## Chunk Large Datasets
Never load thousands of records at once. Use chunking for batch processing.
Incorrect:
```php
$users = User::all();
foreach ($users as $user) {
$user->notify(new WeeklyDigest);
}
```
Correct:
```php
User::where('subscribed', true)->chunk(200, function ($users) {
foreach ($users as $user) {
$user->notify(new WeeklyDigest);
}
});
```
Use `chunkById()` when modifying records during iteration — standard `chunk()` uses OFFSET which shifts when rows change:
```php
User::where('active', false)->chunkById(200, function ($users) {
$users->each->delete();
});
```
## Add Database Indexes
Index columns that appear in `WHERE`, `ORDER BY`, `JOIN`, and `GROUP BY` clauses.
Incorrect:
```php
Schema::create('orders', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained();
$table->string('status');
$table->timestamps();
});
```
Correct:
```php
Schema::create('orders', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->foreignId('user_id')->index()->constrained();
$table->string('status')->index();
$table->timestamps();
$table->index(['status', 'created_at']);
});
```
Add composite indexes for common query patterns (e.g., `WHERE status = ? ORDER BY created_at`).
## Use `withCount()` for Counting Relations
Never load entire collections just to count them.
Incorrect:
```php
$posts = Post::all();
foreach ($posts as $post) {
echo $post->comments->count();
}
```
Correct:
```php
$posts = Post::withCount('comments')->get();
foreach ($posts as $post) {
echo $post->comments_count;
}
```
Conditional counting:
```php
$posts = Post::withCount([
'comments',
'comments as approved_comments_count' => function ($query) {
$query->where('approved', true);
},
])->get();
```
## Use `cursor()` for Memory-Efficient Iteration
For read-only iteration over large result sets, `cursor()` loads one record at a time via a PHP generator.
Incorrect:
```php
$users = User::where('active', true)->get();
```
Correct:
```php
foreach (User::where('active', true)->cursor() as $user) {
ProcessUser::dispatch($user->id);
}
```
Use `cursor()` for read-only iteration. Use `chunk()` / `chunkById()` when modifying records.
## No Queries in Blade Templates
Never execute queries in Blade templates. Pass data from controllers.
Incorrect:
```blade
@foreach (User::all() as $user)
{{ $user->profile->name }}
@endforeach
```
Correct:
```php
// Controller
$users = User::with('profile')->get();
return view('users.index', compact('users'));
```
```blade
@foreach ($users as $user)
{{ $user->profile->name }}
@endforeach
```

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@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
# Eloquent Best Practices
## Use Correct Relationship Types
Use `hasMany`, `belongsTo`, `morphMany`, etc. with proper return type hints.
```php
public function comments(): HasMany
{
return $this->hasMany(Comment::class);
}
public function author(): BelongsTo
{
return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'user_id');
}
```
## Use Local Scopes for Reusable Queries
Extract reusable query constraints into local scopes to avoid duplication.
Incorrect:
```php
$active = User::where('verified', true)->whereNotNull('activated_at')->get();
$articles = Article::whereHas('user', function ($q) {
$q->where('verified', true)->whereNotNull('activated_at');
})->get();
```
Correct:
```php
#[Scope]
protected function active(Builder $query): Builder
{
return $query->where('verified', true)->whereNotNull('activated_at');
}
// Usage
$active = User::active()->get();
$articles = Article::whereHas('user', fn ($q) => $q->active())->get();
```
## Apply Global Scopes Sparingly
Global scopes silently modify every query on the model, making debugging difficult. Prefer local scopes and reserve global scopes for truly universal constraints like soft deletes or multi-tenancy.
Incorrect (global scope for a conditional filter):
```php
class PublishedScope implements Scope
{
public function apply(Builder $builder, Model $model): void
{
$builder->where('published', true);
}
}
// Now admin panels, reports, and background jobs all silently skip drafts
```
Correct (local scope you opt into):
```php
#[Scope]
protected function published(Builder $query): Builder
{
return $query->where('published', true);
}
Post::published()->paginate(); // Explicit
Post::paginate(); // Admin sees all
```
## Define Attribute Casts
Use the `casts()` method (or `$casts` property following project convention) for automatic type conversion.
```php
protected function casts(): array
{
return [
'is_active' => 'boolean',
'metadata' => 'array',
'total' => 'decimal:2',
];
}
```
## Cast Date Columns Properly
Always cast date columns. Use Carbon instances in templates instead of formatting strings manually.
Incorrect:
```blade
{{ Carbon::createFromFormat('Y-d-m H-i', $order->ordered_at)->toDateString() }}
```
Correct:
```php
protected function casts(): array
{
return [
'ordered_at' => 'datetime',
];
}
```
```blade
{{ $order->ordered_at->toDateString() }}
{{ $order->ordered_at->format('m-d') }}
```
## Use `whereBelongsTo()` for Relationship Queries
Cleaner than manually specifying foreign keys.
Incorrect:
```php
Post::where('user_id', $user->id)->get();
```
Correct:
```php
Post::whereBelongsTo($user)->get();
Post::whereBelongsTo($user, 'author')->get();
```
## Avoid Hardcoded Table Names in Queries
Never use string literals for table names in raw queries, joins, or subqueries. Hardcoded table names make it impossible to find all places a model is used and break refactoring (e.g., renaming a table requires hunting through every raw string).
Incorrect:
```php
DB::table('users')->where('active', true)->get();
$query->join('companies', 'companies.id', '=', 'users.company_id');
DB::select('SELECT * FROM orders WHERE status = ?', ['pending']);
```
Correct — reference the model's table:
```php
DB::table((new User)->getTable())->where('active', true)->get();
// Even better — use Eloquent or the query builder instead of raw SQL
User::where('active', true)->get();
Order::where('status', 'pending')->get();
```
Prefer Eloquent queries and relationships over `DB::table()` whenever possible — they already reference the model's table. When `DB::table()` or raw joins are unavoidable, always use `(new Model)->getTable()` to keep the reference traceable.
**Exception — migrations:** In migrations, hardcoded table names via `DB::table('settings')` are acceptable and preferred. Models change over time but migrations are frozen snapshots — referencing a model that is later renamed or deleted would break the migration.

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# Error Handling Best Practices
## Exception Reporting and Rendering
There are two valid approaches — choose one and apply it consistently across the project.
**Co-location on the exception class** — keeps behavior alongside the exception definition, easier to find:
```php
class InvalidOrderException extends Exception
{
public function report(): void { /* custom reporting */ }
public function render(Request $request): Response
{
return response()->view('errors.invalid-order', status: 422);
}
}
```
**Centralized in `bootstrap/app.php`** — all exception handling in one place, easier to see the full picture:
```php
->withExceptions(function (Exceptions $exceptions) {
$exceptions->report(function (InvalidOrderException $e) { /* ... */ });
$exceptions->render(function (InvalidOrderException $e, Request $request) {
return response()->view('errors.invalid-order', status: 422);
});
})
```
Check the existing codebase and follow whichever pattern is already established.
## Use `ShouldntReport` for Exceptions That Should Never Log
More discoverable than listing classes in `dontReport()`.
```php
class PodcastProcessingException extends Exception implements ShouldntReport {}
```
## Throttle High-Volume Exceptions
A single failing integration can flood error tracking. Use `throttle()` to rate-limit per exception type.
## Enable `dontReportDuplicates()`
Prevents the same exception instance from being logged multiple times when `report($e)` is called in multiple catch blocks.
## Force JSON Error Rendering for API Routes
Laravel auto-detects `Accept: application/json` but API clients may not set it. Explicitly declare JSON rendering for API routes.
```php
$exceptions->shouldRenderJsonWhen(function (Request $request, Throwable $e) {
return $request->is('api/*') || $request->expectsJson();
});
```
## Add Context to Exception Classes
Attach structured data to exceptions at the source via a `context()` method — Laravel includes it automatically in the log entry.
```php
class InvalidOrderException extends Exception
{
public function context(): array
{
return ['order_id' => $this->orderId];
}
}
```

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# Events & Notifications Best Practices
## Rely on Event Discovery
Laravel auto-discovers listeners by reading `handle(EventType $event)` type-hints. No manual registration needed in `AppServiceProvider`.
## Run `event:cache` in Production Deploy
Event discovery scans the filesystem per-request in dev. Cache it in production: `php artisan optimize` or `php artisan event:cache`.
## Use `ShouldDispatchAfterCommit` Inside Transactions
Without it, a queued listener may process before the DB transaction commits, reading data that doesn't exist yet.
```php
class OrderShipped implements ShouldDispatchAfterCommit {}
```
## Always Queue Notifications
Notifications often hit external APIs (email, SMS, Slack). Without `ShouldQueue`, they block the HTTP response.
```php
class InvoicePaid extends Notification implements ShouldQueue
{
use Queueable;
}
```
## Use `afterCommit()` on Notifications in Transactions
Same race condition as events — call `afterCommit()` to delay dispatch until the transaction commits.
```php
$user->notify((new InvoicePaid($invoice))->afterCommit());
```
## Route Notification Channels to Dedicated Queues
Mail and database notifications have different priorities. Use `viaQueues()` to route them to separate queues.
## Use On-Demand Notifications for Non-User Recipients
Avoid creating dummy models to send notifications to arbitrary addresses.
```php
Notification::route('mail', 'admin@example.com')->notify(new SystemAlert());
```
## Implement `HasLocalePreference` on Notifiable Models
Laravel automatically uses the user's preferred locale for all notifications and mailables — no per-call `locale()` needed.

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# HTTP Client Best Practices
## Always Set Explicit Timeouts
The default timeout is 30 seconds — too long for most API calls. Always set explicit `timeout` and `connectTimeout` to fail fast.
Incorrect:
```php
$response = Http::get('https://api.example.com/users');
```
Correct:
```php
$response = Http::timeout(5)
->connectTimeout(3)
->get('https://api.example.com/users');
```
For service-specific clients, define timeouts in a macro:
```php
Http::macro('github', function () {
return Http::baseUrl('https://api.github.com')
->timeout(10)
->connectTimeout(3)
->withToken(config('services.github.token'));
});
$response = Http::github()->get('/repos/laravel/framework');
```
## Use Retry with Backoff for External APIs
External APIs have transient failures. Use `retry()` with increasing delays.
Incorrect:
```php
$response = Http::post('https://api.stripe.com/v1/charges', $data);
if ($response->failed()) {
throw new PaymentFailedException('Charge failed');
}
```
Correct:
```php
$response = Http::retry([100, 500, 1000])
->timeout(10)
->post('https://api.stripe.com/v1/charges', $data);
```
Only retry on specific errors:
```php
$response = Http::retry(3, 100, function (Throwable $exception, PendingRequest $request) {
return $exception instanceof ConnectionException
|| ($exception instanceof RequestException && $exception->response->serverError());
})->post('https://api.example.com/data');
```
## Handle Errors Explicitly
The HTTP Client does not throw on 4xx/5xx by default. Always check status or use `throw()`.
Incorrect:
```php
$response = Http::get('https://api.example.com/users/1');
$user = $response->json(); // Could be an error body
```
Correct:
```php
$response = Http::timeout(5)
->get('https://api.example.com/users/1')
->throw();
$user = $response->json();
```
For graceful degradation:
```php
$response = Http::get('https://api.example.com/users/1');
if ($response->successful()) {
return $response->json();
}
if ($response->notFound()) {
return null;
}
$response->throw();
```
## Use Request Pooling for Concurrent Requests
When making multiple independent API calls, use `Http::pool()` instead of sequential calls.
Incorrect:
```php
$users = Http::get('https://api.example.com/users')->json();
$posts = Http::get('https://api.example.com/posts')->json();
$comments = Http::get('https://api.example.com/comments')->json();
```
Correct:
```php
use Illuminate\Http\Client\Pool;
$responses = Http::pool(fn (Pool $pool) => [
$pool->as('users')->get('https://api.example.com/users'),
$pool->as('posts')->get('https://api.example.com/posts'),
$pool->as('comments')->get('https://api.example.com/comments'),
]);
$users = $responses['users']->json();
$posts = $responses['posts']->json();
```
## Fake HTTP Calls in Tests
Never make real HTTP requests in tests. Use `Http::fake()` and `preventStrayRequests()`.
Incorrect:
```php
it('syncs user from API', function () {
$service = new UserSyncService;
$service->sync(1); // Hits the real API
});
```
Correct:
```php
it('syncs user from API', function () {
Http::preventStrayRequests();
Http::fake([
'api.example.com/users/1' => Http::response([
'name' => 'John Doe',
'email' => 'john@example.com',
]),
]);
$service = new UserSyncService;
$service->sync(1);
Http::assertSent(function (Request $request) {
return $request->url() === 'https://api.example.com/users/1';
});
});
```
Test failure scenarios too:
```php
Http::fake([
'api.example.com/*' => Http::failedConnection(),
]);
```

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# Mail Best Practices
## Implement `ShouldQueue` on the Mailable Class
Makes queueing the default regardless of how the mailable is dispatched. No need to remember `Mail::queue()` at every call site — `Mail::send()` also queues it.
## Use `afterCommit()` on Mailables Inside Transactions
A queued mailable dispatched inside a transaction may process before the commit. Use `$this->afterCommit()` in the constructor.
## Use `assertQueued()` Not `assertSent()` for Queued Mailables
`Mail::assertSent()` only catches synchronous mail. Queued mailables fail `assertSent` with a "Did you mean to use assertQueued()?" hint.
Incorrect: `Mail::assertSent(OrderShipped::class);` when mailable implements `ShouldQueue`.
Correct: `Mail::assertQueued(OrderShipped::class);`
## Use Markdown Mailables for Transactional Emails
Markdown mailables auto-generate both HTML and plain-text versions, use responsive components, and allow global style customization. Generate with `--markdown` flag.
## Separate Content Tests from Sending Tests
Content tests: instantiate the mailable directly, call `assertSeeInHtml()`.
Sending tests: use `Mail::fake()` and `assertSent()`/`assertQueued()`.
Don't mix them — it conflates concerns and makes tests brittle.

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# Migration Best Practices
## Generate Migrations with Artisan
Always use `php artisan make:migration` for consistent naming and timestamps.
Incorrect (manually created file):
```php
// database/migrations/posts_migration.php ← wrong naming, no timestamp
```
Correct (Artisan-generated):
```bash
php artisan make:migration create_posts_table
php artisan make:migration add_slug_to_posts_table
```
## Use `constrained()` for Foreign Keys
Automatic naming and referential integrity.
```php
$table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()->cascadeOnDelete();
// Non-standard names
$table->foreignId('author_id')->constrained('users');
```
## Never Modify Deployed Migrations
Once a migration has run in production, treat it as immutable. Create a new migration to change the table.
Incorrect (editing a deployed migration):
```php
// 2024_01_01_create_posts_table.php — already in production
$table->string('slug')->unique(); // ← added after deployment
```
Correct (new migration to alter):
```php
// 2024_03_15_add_slug_to_posts_table.php
Schema::table('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->string('slug')->unique()->after('title');
});
```
## Add Indexes in the Migration
Add indexes when creating the table, not as an afterthought. Columns used in `WHERE`, `ORDER BY`, and `JOIN` clauses need indexes.
Incorrect:
```php
Schema::create('orders', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained();
$table->string('status');
$table->timestamps();
});
```
Correct:
```php
Schema::create('orders', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->id();
$table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()->index();
$table->string('status')->index();
$table->timestamp('shipped_at')->nullable()->index();
$table->timestamps();
});
```
## Mirror Defaults in Model `$attributes`
When a column has a database default, mirror it in the model so new instances have correct values before saving.
```php
// Migration
$table->string('status')->default('pending');
// Model
protected $attributes = [
'status' => 'pending',
];
```
## Write Reversible `down()` Methods by Default
Implement `down()` for schema changes that can be safely reversed so `migrate:rollback` works in CI and failed deployments.
```php
public function down(): void
{
Schema::table('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->dropColumn('slug');
});
}
```
For intentionally irreversible migrations (e.g., destructive data backfills), leave a clear comment and require a forward fix migration instead of pretending rollback is supported.
## Keep Migrations Focused
One concern per migration. Never mix DDL (schema changes) and DML (data manipulation).
Incorrect (partial failure creates unrecoverable state):
```php
public function up(): void
{
Schema::create('settings', function (Blueprint $table) { ... });
DB::table('settings')->insert(['key' => 'version', 'value' => '1.0']);
}
```
Correct (separate migrations):
```php
// Migration 1: create_settings_table
Schema::create('settings', function (Blueprint $table) { ... });
// Migration 2: seed_default_settings
DB::table('settings')->insert(['key' => 'version', 'value' => '1.0']);
```

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# Queue & Job Best Practices
## Set `retry_after` Greater Than `timeout`
If `retry_after` is shorter than the job's `timeout`, the queue worker re-dispatches the job while it's still running, causing duplicate execution.
Incorrect (`retry_after` ≤ `timeout`):
```php
class ProcessReport implements ShouldQueue
{
public $timeout = 120;
}
// config/queue.php — retry_after: 90 ← job retried while still running!
```
Correct (`retry_after` > `timeout`):
```php
class ProcessReport implements ShouldQueue
{
public $timeout = 120;
}
// config/queue.php — retry_after: 180 ← safely longer than any job timeout
```
## Use Exponential Backoff
Use progressively longer delays between retries to avoid hammering failing services.
Incorrect (fixed retry interval):
```php
class SyncWithStripe implements ShouldQueue
{
public $tries = 3;
// Default: retries immediately, overwhelming the API
}
```
Correct (exponential backoff):
```php
class SyncWithStripe implements ShouldQueue
{
public $tries = 3;
public $backoff = [1, 5, 10];
}
```
## Implement `ShouldBeUnique`
Prevent duplicate job processing.
```php
class GenerateInvoice implements ShouldQueue, ShouldBeUnique
{
public function uniqueId(): string
{
return $this->order->id;
}
public $uniqueFor = 3600;
}
```
## Always Implement `failed()`
Handle errors explicitly — don't rely on silent failure.
```php
public function failed(?Throwable $exception): void
{
$this->podcast->update(['status' => 'failed']);
Log::error('Processing failed', ['id' => $this->podcast->id, 'error' => $exception->getMessage()]);
}
```
## Rate Limit External API Calls in Jobs
Use `RateLimited` middleware to throttle jobs calling third-party APIs.
```php
public function middleware(): array
{
return [new RateLimited('external-api')];
}
```
## Batch Related Jobs
Use `Bus::batch()` when jobs should succeed or fail together.
```php
Bus::batch([
new ImportCsvChunk($chunk1),
new ImportCsvChunk($chunk2),
])
->then(fn (Batch $batch) => Notification::send($user, new ImportComplete))
->catch(fn (Batch $batch, Throwable $e) => Log::error('Batch failed'))
->dispatch();
```
## `retryUntil()` Needs `$tries = 0`
When using time-based retry limits, set `$tries = 0` to avoid premature failure.
```php
public $tries = 0;
public function retryUntil(): \DateTimeInterface
{
return now()->addHours(4);
}
```
## Use `ShouldBeUniqueUntilProcessing` for Early Lock Release
`ShouldBeUnique` holds the lock until the job completes. `ShouldBeUniqueUntilProcessing` releases it when processing starts, allowing new instances to queue.
```php
class UpdateSearchIndex implements ShouldQueue, ShouldBeUniqueUntilProcessing
{
// Lock releases when processing begins, not when it finishes
}
```
## Use Horizon for Complex Queue Scenarios
Use Laravel Horizon when you need monitoring, auto-scaling, failure tracking, or multiple queues with different priorities.
```php
// config/horizon.php
'environments' => [
'production' => [
'supervisor-1' => [
'connection' => 'redis',
'queue' => ['high', 'default', 'low'],
'balance' => 'auto',
'minProcesses' => 1,
'maxProcesses' => 10,
'tries' => 3,
],
],
],
```

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# Routing & Controllers Best Practices
## Use Implicit Route Model Binding
Let Laravel resolve models automatically from route parameters.
Incorrect:
```php
public function show(int $id)
{
$post = Post::findOrFail($id);
}
```
Correct:
```php
public function show(Post $post)
{
return view('posts.show', ['post' => $post]);
}
```
## Use Scoped Bindings for Nested Resources
Enforce parent-child relationships automatically.
```php
Route::get('/users/{user}/posts/{post}', function (User $user, Post $post) {
// $post is automatically scoped to $user
})->scopeBindings();
```
## Use Resource Controllers
Use `Route::resource()` or `apiResource()` for RESTful endpoints.
```php
Route::resource('posts', PostController::class);
// In routes/api.php — the /api prefix is applied automatically
Route::apiResource('posts', Api\PostController::class);
```
## Keep Controllers Thin
Aim for under 10 lines per method. Extract business logic to action or service classes.
Incorrect:
```php
public function store(Request $request)
{
$validated = $request->validate([...]);
if ($request->hasFile('image')) {
$request->file('image')->move(public_path('images'));
}
$post = Post::create($validated);
$post->tags()->sync($validated['tags']);
event(new PostCreated($post));
return redirect()->route('posts.show', $post);
}
```
Correct:
```php
public function store(StorePostRequest $request, CreatePostAction $create)
{
$post = $create->execute($request->validated());
return redirect()->route('posts.show', $post);
}
```
## Type-Hint Form Requests
Type-hinting Form Requests triggers automatic validation and authorization before the method executes.
Incorrect:
```php
public function store(Request $request): RedirectResponse
{
$validated = $request->validate([
'title' => ['required', 'max:255'],
'body' => ['required'],
]);
Post::create($validated);
return redirect()->route('posts.index');
}
```
Correct:
```php
public function store(StorePostRequest $request): RedirectResponse
{
Post::create($request->validated());
return redirect()->route('posts.index');
}
```

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# Task Scheduling Best Practices
## Use `withoutOverlapping()` on Variable-Duration Tasks
Without it, a long-running task spawns a second instance on the next tick, causing double-processing or resource exhaustion.
## Use `onOneServer()` on Multi-Server Deployments
Without it, every server runs the same task simultaneously. Requires a shared cache driver (Redis, database, Memcached).
## Use `runInBackground()` for Concurrent Long Tasks
By default, tasks at the same tick run sequentially. A slow first task delays all subsequent ones. `runInBackground()` runs them as separate processes.
## Use `environments()` to Restrict Tasks
Prevent accidental execution of production-only tasks (billing, reporting) on staging.
```php
Schedule::command('billing:charge')->monthly()->environments(['production']);
```
## Use `takeUntilTimeout()` for Time-Bounded Processing
A task running every 15 minutes that processes an unbounded cursor can overlap with the next run. Bound execution time.
## Use Schedule Groups for Shared Configuration
Avoid repeating `->onOneServer()->timezone('America/New_York')` across many tasks.
```php
Schedule::daily()
->onOneServer()
->timezone('America/New_York')
->group(function () {
Schedule::command('emails:send --force');
Schedule::command('emails:prune');
});
```

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# Security Best Practices
## Mass Assignment Protection
Every model must define `$fillable` (whitelist) or `$guarded` (blacklist).
Incorrect:
```php
class User extends Model
{
protected $guarded = []; // All fields are mass assignable
}
```
Correct:
```php
class User extends Model
{
protected $fillable = [
'name',
'email',
'password',
];
}
```
Never use `$guarded = []` on models that accept user input.
## Authorize Every Action
Use policies or gates in controllers. Never skip authorization.
Incorrect:
```php
public function update(UpdatePostRequest $request, Post $post)
{
$post->update($request->validated());
}
```
Correct:
```php
public function update(UpdatePostRequest $request, Post $post)
{
Gate::authorize('update', $post);
$post->update($request->validated());
}
```
Or via Form Request:
```php
public function authorize(): bool
{
return $this->user()->can('update', $this->route('post'));
}
```
## Prevent SQL Injection
Always use parameter binding. Never interpolate user input into queries.
Incorrect:
```php
DB::select("SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = '{$request->name}'");
```
Correct:
```php
User::where('name', $request->name)->get();
// Raw expressions with bindings
User::whereRaw('LOWER(name) = ?', [strtolower($request->name)])->get();
```
## Escape Output to Prevent XSS
Use `{{ }}` for HTML escaping. Only use `{!! !!}` for trusted, pre-sanitized content.
Incorrect:
```blade
{!! $user->bio !!}
```
Correct:
```blade
{{ $user->bio }}
```
## CSRF Protection
Include `@csrf` in all POST/PUT/DELETE Blade forms. Inertia doesn't use `@csrf`; its HTTP client sends the `XSRF-TOKEN` cookie back as the `X-XSRF-TOKEN` header, which Laravel accepts in place of the `_token` field.
Incorrect:
```blade
<form method="POST" action="/posts">
<input type="text" name="title">
</form>
```
Correct:
```blade
<form method="POST" action="/posts">
@csrf
<input type="text" name="title">
</form>
```
## Rate Limit Auth and API Routes
Apply `throttle` middleware to authentication and API routes.
```php
RateLimiter::for('login', function (Request $request) {
return Limit::perMinute(5)->by($request->ip());
});
Route::post('/login', LoginController::class)->middleware('throttle:login');
```
## Validate File Uploads
Validate extension, MIME type, and size. The `mimes` rule checks extensions; use `mimetypes` for actual MIME type validation. Never trust client-provided filenames.
```php
public function rules(): array
{
return [
'avatar' => ['required', 'image', 'mimes:jpg,jpeg,png,webp', 'max:2048'],
];
}
```
Store with generated filenames:
```php
$path = $request->file('avatar')->store('avatars', 'public');
```
## Keep Secrets Out of Code
Never commit `.env`. Access secrets via `config()` only.
Incorrect:
```php
$key = env('API_KEY');
```
Correct:
```php
// config/services.php
'api_key' => env('API_KEY'),
// In application code
$key = config('services.api_key');
```
## Audit Dependencies
Run `composer audit` periodically to check for known vulnerabilities in dependencies. Automate this in CI to catch issues before deployment.
```bash
composer audit
```
## Encrypt Sensitive Database Fields
Use `encrypted` cast for API keys/tokens and mark the attribute as `hidden`.
Incorrect:
```php
class Integration extends Model
{
protected function casts(): array
{
return [
'api_key' => 'string',
];
}
}
```
Correct:
```php
class Integration extends Model
{
protected $hidden = ['api_key', 'api_secret'];
protected function casts(): array
{
return [
'api_key' => 'encrypted',
'api_secret' => 'encrypted',
];
}
}
```

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@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
# Conventions & Style
## Follow Laravel Naming Conventions
| What | Convention | Good | Bad |
|------|-----------|------|-----|
| Controller | singular | `ArticleController` | `ArticlesController` |
| Model | singular | `User` | `Users` |
| Table | plural, snake_case | `article_comments` | `articleComments` |
| Pivot table | singular alphabetical | `article_user` | `user_article` |
| Column | snake_case, no model name | `meta_title` | `article_meta_title` |
| Foreign key | singular model + `_id` | `article_id` | `articles_id` |
| Route | plural | `articles/1` | `article/1` |
| Route name | snake_case with dots | `users.show_active` | `users.show-active` |
| Method | camelCase | `getAll` | `get_all` |
| Variable | camelCase | `$articlesWithAuthor` | `$articles_with_author` |
| Collection | descriptive, plural | `$activeUsers` | `$data` |
| Object | descriptive, singular | `$activeUser` | `$users` |
| View | kebab-case | `show-filtered.blade.php` | `showFiltered.blade.php` |
| Config | snake_case | `google_calendar.php` | `googleCalendar.php` |
| Enum | singular | `UserType` | `UserTypes` |
## Prefer Shorter Readable Syntax
| Verbose | Shorter |
|---------|---------|
| `Session::get('cart')` | `session('cart')` |
| `$request->session()->get('cart')` | `session('cart')` |
| `$request->input('name')` | `$request->name` |
| `return Redirect::back()` | `return back()` |
| `Carbon::now()` | `now()` |
| `App::make('Class')` | `app('Class')` |
| `->where('column', '=', 1)` | `->where('column', 1)` |
| `->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')` | `->latest()` |
| `->orderBy('created_at', 'asc')` | `->oldest()` |
| `->first()->name` | `->value('name')` |
## Use Laravel String & Array Helpers
Laravel provides `Str`, `Arr`, `Number`, and `Uri` helper classes that are more readable, chainable, and UTF-8 safe than raw PHP functions. Always prefer them.
Strings — use `Str` and fluent `Str::of()` over raw PHP:
```php
// Incorrect
$slug = strtolower(str_replace(' ', '-', $title));
$short = substr($text, 0, 100) . '...';
$class = substr(strrchr('App\Models\User', '\\'), 1);
// Correct
$slug = Str::slug($title);
$short = Str::limit($text, 100);
$class = class_basename('App\Models\User');
```
Fluent strings — chain operations for complex transformations:
```php
// Incorrect
$result = strtolower(trim(str_replace('_', '-', $input)));
// Correct
$result = Str::of($input)->trim()->replace('_', '-')->lower();
```
Key `Str` methods to prefer: `Str::slug()`, `Str::limit()`, `Str::contains()`, `Str::before()`, `Str::after()`, `Str::between()`, `Str::camel()`, `Str::snake()`, `Str::kebab()`, `Str::headline()`, `Str::squish()`, `Str::mask()`, `Str::uuid()`, `Str::ulid()`, `Str::random()`, `Str::is()`.
Arrays — use `Arr` over raw PHP:
```php
// Incorrect
$name = isset($array['user']['name']) ? $array['user']['name'] : 'default';
// Correct
$name = Arr::get($array, 'user.name', 'default');
```
Key `Arr` methods: `Arr::get()`, `Arr::has()`, `Arr::only()`, `Arr::except()`, `Arr::first()`, `Arr::flatten()`, `Arr::pluck()`, `Arr::where()`, `Arr::wrap()`.
Numbers — use `Number` for display formatting:
```php
Number::format(1000000); // "1,000,000"
Number::currency(1500, 'USD'); // "$1,500.00"
Number::abbreviate(1000000); // "1M"
Number::fileSize(1024 * 1024); // "1 MB"
Number::percentage(75.5); // "75.5%"
```
URIs — use `Uri` for URL manipulation:
```php
$uri = Uri::of('https://example.com/search')
->withQuery(['q' => 'laravel', 'page' => 1]);
```
Use `$request->string('name')` to get a fluent `Stringable` directly from request input for immediate chaining.
Use `search-docs` for the full list of available methods — these helpers are extensive.
## No Inline JS/CSS in Blade
Do not put JS or CSS in Blade templates. Do not put HTML in PHP classes.
Incorrect:
```blade
let article = `{{ json_encode($article) }}`;
```
Correct:
```blade
<button class="js-fav-article" data-article='@json($article)'>{{ $article->name }}</button>
```
Pass data to JS via data attributes or use a dedicated PHP-to-JS package.
## No Unnecessary Comments
Code should be readable on its own. Use descriptive method and variable names instead of comments. The only exception is config files, where descriptive comments are expected.
Incorrect:
```php
// Check if there are any joins
if (count((array) $builder->getQuery()->joins) > 0)
```
Correct:
```php
if ($this->hasJoins())
```

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@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
# Testing Best Practices
## Use `LazilyRefreshDatabase` Over `RefreshDatabase`
`RefreshDatabase` migrates once per process and wraps each test in a rolled-back transaction. `LazilyRefreshDatabase` skips even that first migration if the schema is already up to date.
## Use Model Assertions Over Raw Database Assertions
Incorrect: `$this->assertDatabaseHas('users', ['id' => $user->id]);`
Correct: `$this->assertModelExists($user);`
More expressive, type-safe, and fails with clearer messages.
## Use Factory States and Sequences
Named states make tests self-documenting. Sequences eliminate repetitive setup.
Incorrect: `User::factory()->create(['email_verified_at' => null]);`
Correct: `User::factory()->unverified()->create();`
## Use `Exceptions::fake()` to Assert Exception Reporting
Instead of `withoutExceptionHandling()`, use `Exceptions::fake()` to assert the correct exception was reported while the request completes normally.
## Call `Event::fake()` After Factory Setup
Model factories rely on model events (e.g., `creating` to generate UUIDs). Calling `Event::fake()` before factory calls silences those events, producing broken models.
Incorrect: `Event::fake(); $user = User::factory()->create();`
Correct: `$user = User::factory()->create(); Event::fake();`
## Use `recycle()` to Share Relationship Instances Across Factories
Without `recycle()`, nested factories create separate instances of the same conceptual entity.
```php
Ticket::factory()
->recycle(Airline::factory()->create())
->create();
```

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@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
# Validation & Forms Best Practices
## Use Form Request Classes
Extract validation from controllers into dedicated Form Request classes.
Incorrect:
```php
public function store(Request $request)
{
$request->validate([
'title' => 'required|max:255',
'body' => 'required',
]);
}
```
Correct:
```php
public function store(StorePostRequest $request)
{
Post::create($request->validated());
}
```
## Array vs. String Notation for Rules
Array syntax is more readable and composes cleanly with `Rule::` objects. Prefer it in new code, but check existing Form Requests first and match whatever notation the project already uses.
```php
// Preferred for new code
'email' => ['required', 'email', Rule::unique('users')],
// Follow existing convention if the project uses string notation
'email' => 'required|email|unique:users',
```
## Always Use `validated()`
Get only validated data. Never use `$request->all()` for mass operations.
Incorrect:
```php
Post::create($request->all());
```
Correct:
```php
Post::create($request->validated());
```
## Use `Rule::when()` for Conditional Validation
```php
'company_name' => [
Rule::when($this->account_type === 'business', ['required', 'string', 'max:255']),
],
```
## Use the `after()` Method for Custom Validation
Use `after()` instead of `withValidator()` for custom validation logic that depends on multiple fields.
```php
public function after(): array
{
return [
function (Validator $validator) {
if ($this->quantity > Product::find($this->product_id)?->stock) {
$validator->errors()->add('quantity', 'Not enough stock.');
}
},
];
}
```

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@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
---
name: mcp-development
description: "Use this skill for Laravel MCP development. Trigger when creating or editing MCP tools, resources, prompts, servers, or UI apps in Laravel projects. Covers: artisan make:mcp-* generators, routes/ai.php, Tool/Resource/Prompt/AppResource classes, schema validation, shouldRegister(), OAuth setup, URI templates, read-only attributes, MCP debugging, MCP UI apps, the x-mcp::app Blade component, createMcpApp(), default AppResource handle() auto-infers view from class name, Response::view(), AppMeta/Csp/Permissions/appMeta() configuration, #[RendersApp] attribute, Library enum for CDN libraries (Tailwind, Alpine), and host theming via CSS variables. Use this whenever the user mentions MCP apps, MCP UI, interactive MCP resources, styling MCP apps with Tailwind or Alpine, or building visual interfaces for AI agents."
license: MIT
metadata:
author: laravel
---
# MCP Development
## Documentation
Use `search-docs` for detailed Laravel MCP patterns and documentation.
For MCP UI apps (interactive HTML resources), read `references/app.md` — it covers the full architecture, host theming CSS variables, tool-to-UI linking patterns, library scripts (Tailwind, Alpine via `Library`), and real-world examples.
## Basic Usage
Register MCP servers in `routes/ai.php`:
<!-- Register MCP Server -->
```php
use Laravel\Mcp\Facades\Mcp;
Mcp::web();
```
### Creating MCP Primitives
```bash
php artisan make:mcp-tool ToolName # Create a tool
php artisan make:mcp-resource ResourceName # Create a resource
php artisan make:mcp-prompt PromptName # Create a prompt
php artisan make:mcp-server ServerName # Create a server
php artisan make:mcp-app-resource DashboardApp # Create a UI app (2 files)
```
After creating primitives, register them in your server's `$tools`, `$resources`, or `$prompts` properties.
### Tools
<!-- MCP Tool Example -->
```php
use Illuminate\Json\Schema\JsonSchema;
use Laravel\Mcp\Request;
use Laravel\Mcp\Response;
use Laravel\Mcp\Server\Tool;
class MyTool extends Tool
{
protected string $description = 'Describe what this tool does';
public function schema(JsonSchema $schema): array
{
return [
'name' => $schema->string()->description('The name parameter')->required(),
];
}
public function handle(Request $request): Response
{
$request->validate(['name' => 'required|string']);
return Response::text('Hello, '.$request->get('name'));
}
}
```
### Registering Primitives in a Server
<!-- Register Primitives in MCP Server -->
```php
use Laravel\Mcp\Server;
class AppServer extends Server
{
protected array $tools = [
\App\Mcp\Tools\MyTool::class,
];
protected array $resources = [
\App\Mcp\Resources\MyResource::class,
];
protected array $prompts = [
\App\Mcp\Prompts\MyPrompt::class,
];
}
```
## MCP UI Apps
For MCP UI apps, read `references/app.md` — it covers quick start examples, full architecture, AppMeta/Csp/Permissions, `#[RendersApp]` tool linking, library scripts (Tailwind/Alpine via `Library`), host theming CSS variables, and real-world patterns.
## Verification
1. Check `routes/ai.php` for proper registration
2. Test tool via MCP client
## Common Pitfalls
- Running `mcp:start` command (it hangs waiting for input)
- Using HTTPS locally with Node-based MCP clients
- Not using `search-docs` for the latest MCP documentation
- Not registering MCP server routes in `routes/ai.php`
- Do not register `ai.php` in `bootstrap.php`; it is registered automatically
- OAuth registration supports custom URI schemes (e.g., `cursor://`, `vscode://`) for native desktop clients via `mcp.custom_schemes` config

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@ -0,0 +1,940 @@
# MCP UI Apps Reference
## Quick Start
`make:mcp-app-resource DashboardApp` generates two files — a PHP registration stub and a Blade view. The entire app lives in the Blade view.
**PHP class** — renders the Blade view. The view name is auto-inferred from the class name (`mcp.<kebab-class-name>`), so the generated stub needs no changes unless you're passing additional server-side data:
```php
class DashboardApp extends AppResource
{
public function handle(Request $request): Response
{
return Response::view('mcp.dashboard-app', [
'title' => $this->title(),
]);
}
}
```
**Blade view** — HTML structure + inline JS, everything in one file:
```blade
<x-mcp::app title="Dashboard App">
<x-slot:head>
<script type="module">
createMcpApp(async (app) => {
document.getElementById('run-btn').addEventListener('click', async () => {
const result = await app.callServerTool({ name: 'tool-name', arguments: {} });
document.getElementById('output').textContent = result.content[0]?.text ?? '';
});
});
</script>
</x-slot:head>
<div id="app">
<h1>Dashboard App</h1>
<button id="run-btn">Run</button>
<p id="output"></p>
</div>
</x-mcp::app>
```
`createMcpApp` is a global pre-bundled by the package — no npm install, no imports, no Vite required. It handles connection, error handling, and host theming automatically.
---
## Core Concept: Tool + Resource
Every MCP App is built from two parts linked together:
- **Tool** — called by the LLM or host. Returns a text/data response and tells the host which UI resource to render via `_meta.ui.resourceUri`.
- **AppResource** — serves the self-contained HTML app. The host fetches it after the tool is called and renders it in a sandboxed iframe.
```
LLM calls Tool
└─► Tool response includes _meta.ui.resourceUri → "ui://dashboard-app"
└─► Host fetches AppResource at that URI
└─► Host renders HTML in sandboxed iframe
└─► createMcpApp() connects the iframe back to the server
└─► UI calls app-only tools to load/refresh data
```
The link is declared once with `#[RendersApp]` on the tool:
```php
#[RendersApp(resource: DashboardApp::class)]
class ShowDashboard extends Tool
{
public function handle(Request $request): Response
{
return Response::text('Dashboard loaded.');
}
}
```
After that, the host handles fetching and rendering the resource automatically — you never reference the URI by hand.
---
## Architecture Overview
MCP Apps add interactive UI to the Model Context Protocol. The server returns self-contained HTML with all JS/CSS inlined. The host renders it in a sandboxed iframe. Apps communicate back via `createMcpApp()` — a pre-bundled global implementing the MCP UI PostMessage protocol.
```
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Host (Claude, ChatGPT, VS Code) │
│ ┌───────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ Sandboxed iframe │ │
│ │ ┌─────────────────────────────────┐ │ │
│ │ │ Your MCP App (HTML/JS/CSS) │ │ │
│ │ │ - Rendered by AppResource │ │ │
│ │ │ - Single self-contained HTML │ │ │
│ │ │ - Themed via host CSS vars │ │ │
│ │ └─────────────────────────────────┘ │ │
│ └───────────────────────────────────────┘ │
└──────────────────┬──────────────────────────┘
│ MCP Protocol (JSON-RPC)
┌──────────────────▼──────────────────────────┐
│ Laravel MCP Server │
│ - AppResource → self-contained HTML │
│ - Tool #[RendersApp] → triggers UI display │
│ - resources/read → serves HTML + _meta.ui │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
The server automatically advertises `io.modelcontextprotocol/ui` capability when any `AppResource` is registered. The client declares support in `capabilities.extensions["io.modelcontextprotocol/ui"]` during the initialize handshake.
---
## Server-Side
Minimal case — `handle()` renders the Blade view, entire app lives there:
```php
class DashboardApp extends AppResource
{
public function handle(Request $request): Response
{
return Response::view('mcp.dashboard-app', [
'title' => $this->title(),
]);
}
}
```
Auto-renders `resources/views/mcp/dashboard-app.blade.php` with `$title` available via `$this->title()`.
Override `handle()` only when passing additional server-side data:
```php
class AnalyticsDashboard extends AppResource
{
public function handle(Request $request): Response
{
return Response::view('mcp.analytics-dashboard', [
'title' => $this->title(),
'metrics' => Metric::latest()->take(10)->get(),
'totalUsers' => User::count(),
]);
}
}
```
`Response::view($view, $data = [], $mergeData = [])` renders a Blade view and returns it as text.
`Response::html($path)` reads an HTML file from disk and returns its content. Relative paths resolve via `resource_path()`:
```php
class StaticApp extends AppResource
{
public function handle(Request $request): Response
{
return Response::html('mcp/static-app.html');
}
}
```
### AppMeta Configuration
The simplest way to configure UI metadata is via the `#[AppMeta]` attribute directly on your resource class:
```php
use Laravel\Mcp\Server\Attributes\AppMeta;
use Laravel\Mcp\Server\Ui\Enums\Library;
use Laravel\Mcp\Server\Ui\Enums\Permission;
#[AppMeta(
connectDomains: ['https://api.stripe.com'],
permissions: [Permission::Camera, Permission::ClipboardWrite],
prefersBorder: true,
libraries: [Library::Tailwind, Library::Alpine],
)]
class PaymentsResource extends AppResource
{
// ...
}
```
For dynamic or computed configuration, override `appMeta()` instead:
```php
use Laravel\Mcp\Server\Ui\AppMeta;
public function appMeta(): AppMeta
{
return AppMeta::make()
->csp(Csp::make()->connectDomains(config('services.api.domains')))
->permissions(Permissions::make()->allow(Permission::Camera))
->libraries(Library::Tailwind)
->domain('sandbox.example.com');
}
```
#### Permission Enum
Use the `Permission` enum for type-safe permission configuration:
```php
use Laravel\Mcp\Server\Ui\Enums\Permission;
Permission::Camera // 'camera'
Permission::Microphone // 'microphone'
Permission::Geolocation // 'geolocation'
Permission::ClipboardWrite // 'clipboardWrite'
```
#### Csp
Controls what external domains the iframe can access:
```php
Csp::make()
->connectDomains(['https://api.example.com']) // fetch, XHR, WebSocket origins
->resourceDomains(['https://cdn.example.com']) // images, scripts, fonts, media
->frameDomains(['https://embed.example.com']) // nested iframe origins
->baseUriDomains(['https://base.example.com']); // base URI origins
```
#### Permissions
```php
Permissions::make()->allow(Permission::Camera, Permission::ClipboardWrite);
Permissions::make()
->camera()
->microphone()
->geolocation()
->clipboardWrite();
```
Each enabled permission serializes as `"camera": {}` per the MCP spec.
#### AppMeta
```php
AppMeta::make()
->csp(Csp::make()->connectDomains([...]))
->permissions(Permissions::make()->allow(Permission::Camera))
->libraries(Library::Tailwind, Library::Alpine)
->domain('sandbox.example.com') // dedicated sandbox origin (OAuth/CORS)
->prefersBorder(false);
```
`prefersBorder` defaults to `true`. `toArray()` omits null fields and empty nested objects. Library CDN domains are automatically merged into `csp.resourceDomains`.
#### domain
The `domain` field provides a stable origin that external APIs can allowlist for CORS. It is automatically resolved from `config('app.url')` (your `APP_URL` env variable) via `resolvedAppMeta()`, so most apps need no configuration. Override only when a resource needs a different origin:
```php
#[AppMeta(domain: 'custom.example.com')]
class PaymentsResource extends AppResource
{
// ...
}
```
#### Library Scripts
The `libraries` parameter adds pre-configured CDN scripts to the `<head>` of your app. Available libraries:
```php
use Laravel\Mcp\Server\Ui\Enums\Library;
Library::Tailwind // Tailwind CSS CDN + dark mode config
Library::Alpine // Alpine.js CDN + x-cloak style
```
When libraries are specified, the package automatically:
1. Injects the CDN `<script>` tags into the Blade view's `<head>` (after the MCP SDK, before your `<x-slot:head>`)
2. Merges each library's CDN domains into `csp.resourceDomains` so the host allows loading them
Via attribute:
```php
#[AppMeta(libraries: [Library::Tailwind])]
class StyledApp extends AppResource
{
// Tailwind is available in the Blade view — no extra setup
}
```
Via fluent builder:
```php
public function appMeta(): AppMeta
{
return AppMeta::make()
->libraries(Library::Tailwind, Library::Alpine);
}
```
---
## View Layer
### `<x-mcp::app>` Blade Component
Renders a complete self-contained HTML document with the MCP SDK inlined. `createMcpApp` is available globally.
```blade
<x-mcp::app title="Dashboard App">
<x-slot:head>
<script type="module">
createMcpApp(async (app) => {
document.getElementById('run-btn').addEventListener('click', async () => {
const result = await app.callServerTool({ name: 'tool-name', arguments: {} });
document.getElementById('output').textContent = result.content[0]?.text ?? '';
});
});
</script>
</x-slot:head>
<div id="app">
<button id="run-btn">Run</button>
<p id="output"></p>
</div>
</x-mcp::app>
```
**Props and slots:**
| Name | Type | Description |
| ------------- | ------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- |
| `title` | Prop | Sets `<title>`. Optional. |
| `head` | Named slot | Injected into `<head>` after the inlined SDK script. |
| Default slot | Slot | Body content. |
| `$attributes` | Attribute bag | Forwarded to `<body>` (e.g. `class="dark"`). |
The SDK is loaded from the `mcp.sdk` singleton (registered by `McpServiceProvider`) and inlined directly in a `<script>` tag. Library scripts (Tailwind, Alpine) configured via `#[AppMeta]` are injected after the SDK and before the `head` slot.
Publish the component: `php artisan vendor:publish --tag=mcp-views`.
To pass server-side data to JS, embed it as `data-*` attributes:
```blade
<div id="app" data-users="{{ $users->toJson() }}">
...
</div>
```
```js
const users = JSON.parse(document.getElementById("app").dataset.users);
```
## Client-Side
This package provides a simple MCP client library to easily work with client interactions.
### createMcpApp
Pre-bundled and inlined automatically — no npm install or imports required.
```js
createMcpApp(async (app) => {
// app is ready — connection established, theming applied
});
```
### Tools
#### app.callServerTool()
Accepts an object or positional arguments:
```js
// Object form
const result = await app.callServerTool({ name: 'get-analytics', arguments: { dateRange: '7d' } });
// Positional form
const result = await app.callServerTool('get-analytics', { dateRange: '7d' });
// result structure depends on the server's tool response
const text = result.content[0]?.text ?? "";
```
All tool results share a standard structure:
| Property | Type | Description |
| --------- | --------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `content` | `Array` | Content items returned by the tool (each has `type` and `text` or `data`) |
| `isError` | `boolean` | `true` when the tool returned an error response |
Always check `result.isError` before consuming `content`. See [Error Handling](#error-handling) for a full example.
### Resources
#### app.listResources()
```js
const resources = await app.listResources();
// or with cursor for pagination
const resources = await app.listResources("cursor-value");
// or object form
const resources = await app.listResources({ cursor: "cursor-value" });
```
#### app.readResource()
```js
const resource = await app.readResource("ui://my-resource");
// or object form
const resource = await app.readResource({ uri: "ui://my-resource" });
```
### Messaging
#### app.sendMessage()
Send a message to the model (creates a conversation turn):
```js
// Object form with structured content
await app.sendMessage({
role: "user",
content: [{ type: "text", text: "User submitted the form." }],
});
// Shorthand — plain string content with optional role (defaults to 'user')
await app.sendMessage("User submitted the form.");
await app.sendMessage("System event occurred.", "user");
```
### Host Context
#### app.getHostContext()
Returns the current host context, including theme and style variables:
```js
const ctx = app.getHostContext();
ctx?.theme; // 'light' | 'dark'
ctx?.styles?.variables; // CSS variable map from host
ctx?.styles?.css?.fonts; // font CSS from host
```
#### app.getHostInfo()
```js
const info = app.getHostInfo();
```
#### app.getHostCapabilities()
```js
const caps = app.getHostCapabilities();
```
### Navigation & Files
#### app.openLink()
```js
await app.openLink("https://example.com");
// or object form
await app.openLink({ url: "https://example.com" });
```
#### app.downloadFile()
```js
await app.downloadFile("file contents here");
// or object form
await app.downloadFile({ contents: "file contents here" });
```
### Display
#### app.requestDisplayMode()
```js
await app.requestDisplayMode("fullscreen");
// or object form
await app.requestDisplayMode({ mode: "fullscreen" });
```
#### app.resize() / app.autoResize()
`resize()` sends a one-time size notification. `autoResize()` uses `ResizeObserver` to continuously notify the host of size changes. It returns a cleanup function that disconnects the observer — useful if you need to stop observing before teardown. The observer is also automatically disconnected on teardown.
```js
const stopObserving = app.autoResize();
// Later, if needed:
stopObserving();
```
### Model Context
#### app.updateModelContext()
```js
await app.updateModelContext({ key: "value" });
```
### Lifecycle
#### app.requestTeardown()
Sends a teardown notification to the host.
```js
app.requestTeardown();
```
### Logging
#### app.sendLog()
```js
// Positional form
await app.sendLog("info", "Processing started", "my-logger");
// Object form
await app.sendLog({
level: "info",
data: "Processing started",
logger: "my-logger",
});
```
### Event Handlers
Register callbacks for host-side events. Tool input/result/cancelled events are queued until a handler is registered, then flushed.
```js
createMcpApp(async (app) => {
app.onToolInput((params) => {
/* tool input received */
});
app.onToolInputPartial((params) => {
/* partial tool input */
});
app.onToolResult((params) => {
/* tool result received */
});
app.onToolCancelled((params) => {
/* tool was cancelled */
});
app.onHostContextChanged((ctx) => {
/* theme/styles changed */
});
app.onTeardown(async () => {
/* cleanup before teardown */
});
app.onCallTool(async (params) => {
/* host requests tool call */
});
app.onListTools(async (params) => {
/* host requests tool list */
});
});
```
---
## Host Theming
`createMcpApp` automatically applies host theming on connect and on context change:
- Sets `data-theme` attribute and `color-scheme` on `<html>`
- Applies CSS variables from `hostContext.styles.variables` to `:root`
- Injects font CSS from `hostContext.styles.css.fonts` into a `<style>` tag
The specific CSS variables available depend on the host. Always provide fallback values — use `light-dark()` for theme-aware defaults:
```css
:root {
--color-background-primary: light-dark(#ffffff, #171717);
--color-text-primary: light-dark(#171717, #fafafa);
--color-text-secondary: light-dark(#525252, #a3a3a3);
--color-border-primary: light-dark(#e5e5e5, #404040);
--font-sans: system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
--border-radius-md: 8px;
}
body {
font-family: var(--font-sans);
background: var(--color-background-primary);
color: var(--color-text-primary);
margin: 0;
}
.card {
background: var(--color-background-secondary);
border: 1px solid var(--color-border-primary);
border-radius: var(--border-radius-md);
padding: 1rem;
}
```
---
## Tool-to-UI Linking
### #[RendersApp] Attribute
Associates a Tool with a UI Resource. When the tool is called, the host fetches and renders the linked resource.
```php
use Laravel\Mcp\Server\Attributes\RendersApp;
use Laravel\Mcp\Server\Ui\Enums\Visibility;
// Both model and app can call this tool (default)
#[RendersApp(resource: DashboardApp::class)]
class ShowDashboard extends Tool { ... }
// Only the app can call this tool (private to the UI)
#[RendersApp(resource: DashboardApp::class, visibility: [Visibility::App])]
class RefreshDashboardData extends Tool { ... }
```
**Visibility:**
The `Visibility` enum (`Laravel\Mcp\Server\Ui\Enums\Visibility`) has two cases: `Model` and `App`. The default is `[Visibility::Model, Visibility::App]`.
| Visibility | Model | App | Use case |
| -------------------------------------- | ----- | --- | ------------------------------------------------------ |
| `[Visibility::Model, Visibility::App]` | Yes | Yes | Primary tools that trigger UI display |
| `[Visibility::App]` | No | Yes | Backend actions the UI calls (refresh, save, paginate) |
| `[Visibility::Model]` | Yes | No | Model-only tools linked to a UI |
### Primary + Private Pattern
```php
#[RendersApp(resource: DashboardApp::class)]
class ShowDashboard extends Tool
{
public function handle(Request $request): Response
{
return Response::text('Dashboard loaded.');
}
}
#[RendersApp(resource: DashboardApp::class, visibility: [Visibility::App])]
class GetDashboardMetrics extends Tool
{
public function handle(Request $request): Response
{
return Response::json(Metric::latest()->take(50)->get());
}
}
```
---
## Testing
```php
it('returns html content', function () {
MyServer::readResource(DashboardApp::class)
->assertSee('<div id="app">');
});
it('has correct mime type and uri scheme', function () {
$resource = new DashboardApp;
$data = $resource->toArray();
expect($data['mimeType'])->toBe('text/html;profile=mcp-app')
->and($data['_meta']['ui'])->toBeArray()
->and($resource->uri())->toStartWith('ui://');
});
it('configures ui meta correctly', function () {
$meta = (new DashboardApp)->resolvedAppMeta();
expect($meta['csp']['connectDomains'])->toContain('https://api.example.com')
->and($meta['permissions'])->toHaveKey('clipboardWrite');
});
it('includes ui metadata in tool listing', function () {
MyServer::listTools()->assertSee('show-dashboard');
});
```
---
## Patterns
### Real-time Polling
Use app-only tools to fetch fresh data at regular intervals from the UI:
```php
#[RendersApp(resource: MonitorApp::class, visibility: [Visibility::App])]
class GetMonitorData extends Tool
{
protected string $description = 'Fetch latest monitor metrics';
public function handle(Request $request): Response
{
return Response::json([
'cpu' => sys_getloadavg()[0],
'memory' => memory_get_usage(true),
'timestamp' => now()->toISOString(),
]);
}
}
```
```js
createMcpApp(async (app) => {
async function poll() {
const result = await app.callServerTool('get-monitor-data');
const data = JSON.parse(result.content[0]?.text ?? '{}');
document.getElementById('cpu').textContent = data.cpu;
}
setInterval(poll, 2000);
poll();
});
```
### Chunked Data Loading
For large datasets, implement pagination via app-only tools:
```php
#[RendersApp(resource: LogViewerApp::class, visibility: [Visibility::App])]
class GetLogChunk extends Tool
{
protected string $description = 'Fetch a chunk of log entries';
public function schema(JsonSchema $schema): array
{
return [
'offset' => $schema->integer()->description('Byte offset to start from')->required(),
'limit' => $schema->integer()->description('Max bytes to return'),
];
}
public function handle(Request $request): Response
{
$request->validate(['offset' => 'required|integer', 'limit' => 'integer']);
$offset = $request->get('offset');
$limit = $request->get('limit', 500_000);
$content = Storage::get('logs/app.log');
$chunk = substr($content, $offset, $limit);
return Response::json([
'data' => $chunk,
'offset' => $offset,
'totalBytes' => strlen($content),
'hasMore' => ($offset + $limit) < strlen($content),
]);
}
}
```
### Binary Resource Serving
Deliver images and binary content through MCP resources using `Response::blob()`:
```php
#[RendersApp(resource: GalleryApp::class, visibility: [Visibility::App])]
class GetImage extends Tool
{
protected string $description = 'Fetch an image by ID';
public function handle(Request $request): Response
{
$request->validate(['id' => 'required|integer']);
$image = Image::findOrFail($request->get('id'));
$data = base64_encode(Storage::get($image->path));
return Response::blob($data);
}
}
```
In the client, convert the base64 blob to a data URI for rendering:
```js
const result = await app.callServerTool('get-image', { id: 42 });
const blob = result.content[0];
img.src = `data:${blob.mimeType};base64,${blob.data}`;
```
### Streaming Argument Previews
Use `onToolInputPartial` to show previews as the model streams tool arguments:
```js
createMcpApp(async (app) => {
app.onToolInputPartial((params) => {
try {
const partial = JSON.parse(params.arguments);
if (partial.query) {
document.getElementById("preview").textContent = partial.query;
}
} catch {
// partial JSON — ignore until parseable
}
});
app.onToolResult((params) => {
const data = JSON.parse(params.result.content[0]?.text ?? "{}");
renderResults(data);
});
});
```
### View State Persistence
Use `localStorage` to preserve UI state across re-renders. For important state, persist server-side via an app-only tool:
```js
createMcpApp(async (app) => {
const STATE_KEY = "dashboard-view-state";
// Restore from localStorage
const saved = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(STATE_KEY) || "{}");
if (saved.activeTab) selectTab(saved.activeTab);
// Save on interaction
function saveState(state) {
localStorage.setItem(STATE_KEY, JSON.stringify(state));
}
// For durable state, persist server-side
async function saveServerState(state) {
await app.callServerTool('save-dashboard-state', { state: JSON.stringify(state) });
}
});
```
### Fullscreen Toggling
Switch between inline and fullscreen display modes and react to mode changes:
```js
createMcpApp(async (app) => {
document.getElementById("expand-btn").addEventListener("click", () => {
app.requestDisplayMode("fullscreen");
});
app.onHostContextChanged((ctx) => {
document.body.classList.toggle(
"fullscreen",
ctx.displayMode === "fullscreen",
);
});
});
```
### Model Context Updates
Keep the model informed about what the user is viewing so it can provide relevant assistance:
```js
createMcpApp(async (app) => {
async function notifyContext(view, detail) {
await app.updateModelContext({
currentView: view,
detail: detail,
});
}
// Notify on tab change
document.querySelectorAll(".tab").forEach((tab) => {
tab.addEventListener("click", () => {
notifyContext(tab.dataset.view, { filters: getActiveFilters() });
});
});
// For large payloads, follow up with sendMessage
await app.updateModelContext({ currentView: "report", rows: 5000 });
await app.sendMessage("The user is viewing a report with 5000 rows.");
});
```
### Pause Offscreen Views
Conserve resources by pausing animations and polling when the view is not visible:
```js
createMcpApp(async (app) => {
let pollInterval = null;
function startPolling() {
if (!pollInterval) {
pollInterval = setInterval(fetchData, 2000);
}
}
function stopPolling() {
clearInterval(pollInterval);
pollInterval = null;
}
const observer = new IntersectionObserver(([entry]) => {
entry.isIntersecting ? startPolling() : stopPolling();
});
observer.observe(document.documentElement);
startPolling();
});
```
### Error Handling
Return `Response::error()` from tools and use `updateModelContext()` to signal degraded state:
```php
class ProcessData extends Tool
{
public function handle(Request $request): Response
{
$request->validate(['input' => 'required|string']);
if (strlen($request->get('input')) > 10_000) {
return Response::error('Input exceeds 10KB limit.');
}
return Response::json(process($request->get('input')));
}
}
```
```js
createMcpApp(async (app) => {
const result = await app.callServerTool('process-data', { input: value });
if (result.isError) {
document.getElementById("error").textContent =
result.content[0]?.text ?? "Unknown error";
await app.updateModelContext({
state: "error",
message: result.content[0]?.text,
});
return;
}
renderOutput(JSON.parse(result.content[0]?.text ?? "{}"));
});
```

View File

@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
---
name: passport-development
description: "Develops OAuth2 API authentication with Laravel Passport. Activates when installing or configuring Passport; setting up OAuth2 grants (authorization code, client credentials, personal access tokens, device authorization); managing OAuth clients; protecting API routes with token authentication; defining or checking token scopes; configuring SPA cookie authentication; handling token lifetimes and refresh tokens; or when the user mentions Passport, OAuth2, API tokens, bearer tokens, or API authentication. Make sure to use this skill whenever the user works with OAuth2, API tokens, or third-party API access, even if they don't explicitly mention Passport."
license: MIT
metadata:
author: laravel
---
# Passport OAuth2 Authentication
## Documentation First
**Always use `search-docs` before writing Passport code.** The documentation covers every grant type, configuration option, and edge case in detail. This skill teaches you how to navigate Passport — the docs have the implementation specifics.
```
search-docs(queries: ["Passport installation"], packages: ["laravel/framework@12.x"])
```
The Passport docs live under the `laravel/framework` package — not `laravel/passport`.
## When to Apply
Activate this skill when:
- Installing or configuring Passport
- Setting up OAuth2 authorization grants
- Creating or managing OAuth clients
- Protecting API routes with token authentication
- Defining or checking token scopes
- Configuring SPA cookie-based authentication
- Choosing between Passport and Sanctum
## Passport vs. Sanctum
**Passport** is a full OAuth2 server — use it when third-party applications need to consume your API and when you need OAuth2 authorization code grants, client credentials for machine-to-machine auth, or device authorization flow.
**Sanctum** is simpler — use it when first-party SPAs, third parties, or mobile apps consume the API but you don't need the full OAuth2 grant flows.
## Installation
Three steps are always required:
### 1. Install Passport
```bash
php artisan install:api --passport
```
This publishes migrations, generates encryption keys, and registers routes.
### 2. Configure the User model
The User model needs both the `HasApiTokens` trait AND the `OAuthenticatable` interface. Missing the interface is the most common Passport setup mistake — it causes runtime errors that can be confusing to debug.
```php
use Laravel\Passport\Contracts\OAuthenticatable;
use Laravel\Passport\HasApiTokens;
class User extends Authenticatable implements OAuthenticatable
{
use HasApiTokens;
}
```
### 3. Configure the auth guard
The `api` guard must use the `passport` driver in `config/auth.php`. Using `token` or `sanctum` here silently breaks Passport authentication.
```php
'guards' => [
'api' => [
'driver' => 'passport',
'provider' => 'users',
],
],
```
## Choosing a Grant Type
Matching the right grant to the use case is the most important Passport decision. Use `search-docs` for implementation details of any grant.
| Use Case | Grant Type | Client Flag |
|----------|-----------|-------------|
| Third-party app accessing user data | Authorization Code | (default) |
| Mobile/SPA without client secret | Authorization Code + PKCE | `--public` |
| Machine-to-machine, no user context | Client Credentials | `--client` |
| User-generated API keys | Personal Access Tokens | `--personal` |
| Smart TV, CLI, IoT devices | Device Authorization | `--device` |
**Legacy grants** (Password, Implicit) are disabled by default and not recommended. They must be explicitly enabled with `Passport::enablePasswordGrant()` or `Passport::enableImplicitGrant()`.
## Client Management
Create clients with the appropriate flag for the grant type:
```bash
php artisan passport:client # Authorization code
php artisan passport:client --public # PKCE (no secret)
php artisan passport:client --client # Client credentials
php artisan passport:client --personal # Personal access tokens
php artisan passport:client --device # Device authorization
```
Additional flags: `--name=`, `--redirect_uri=`, `--provider=`.
Client secrets are hashed by default — the plain-text secret is only shown at creation time and cannot be retrieved later.
## Protecting Routes
Apply `auth:api` middleware. Clients send tokens via the `Authorization: Bearer <token>` header.
```php
Route::get('/user', function (Request $request) {
return $request->user();
})->middleware('auth:api');
```
### Scope Enforcement
Scope middleware must come alongside `auth:api`:
- `CheckToken::using('scope1', 'scope2')` — requires ALL listed scopes
- `CheckTokenForAnyScope::using('scope1', 'scope2')` — requires ANY listed scope
- `EnsureClientIsResourceOwner::using('scope1')` — restricts to client credential tokens
```php
use Laravel\Passport\Http\Middleware\CheckToken;
Route::get('/orders', function () {
// ...
})->middleware(['auth:api', CheckToken::using('orders:read')]);
```
### Programmatic scope checking
```php
if ($request->user()->tokenCan('place-orders')) {
// ...
}
```
Use `search-docs` for full scope middleware registration and usage patterns.
## Key Configuration
Configure in `AppServiceProvider::boot()`. Use `search-docs` for the full list of options.
```php
// Token lifetimes (each is independent)
Passport::tokensExpireIn(now()->addDays(15));
Passport::refreshTokensExpireIn(now()->addDays(30));
Passport::personalAccessTokensExpireIn(now()->addMonths(6));
// Define scopes
Passport::tokensCan([
'place-orders' => 'Place orders',
'check-status' => 'Check order status',
]);
```
## SPA Cookie Authentication
For first-party SPAs, the `CreateFreshApiToken` middleware issues a `laravel_token` cookie containing an encrypted JWT. The SPA must include CSRF tokens — missing the `X-CSRF-TOKEN` or `X-XSRF-TOKEN` header causes 419 errors.
Use `search-docs` for setup details — this feature has specific CSRF and cookie configuration requirements.
## Testing
Passport provides helpers to bypass full OAuth flows in tests:
```php
Passport::actingAs($user, ['scope1', 'scope2']);
Passport::actingAsClient($client, ['scope1']);
```
## Token Maintenance
```bash
php artisan passport:purge # Purge revoked & expired
php artisan passport:purge --revoked # Only revoked
php artisan passport:purge --expired # Only expired
```
Schedule `passport:purge` for regular expired token clean-up.
## Events
All in `Laravel\Passport\Events`: `AccessTokenCreated`, `AccessTokenRevoked`, `RefreshTokenCreated`.
## Common Pitfalls
- **Missing `OAuthenticatable` interface** — both the `HasApiTokens` trait and the `OAuthenticatable` interface are required on the User model. Missing the interface causes runtime errors.
- **Wrong guard driver** — the `api` guard must use `passport`, not `token` or `sanctum`. This fails silently.
- **Token lifetime confusion** — access token, refresh token, and personal access token lifetimes are all independent settings.
- **Missing CSRF for SPA cookie auth** — `CreateFreshApiToken` requires CSRF tokens. Use `Passport::ignoreCsrfToken()` only if you understand the security implications.
- **Client secrets are hashed** — the plain-text secret is only available at creation time.
- **Legacy grants are disabled** — Password and Implicit grants must be explicitly enabled and are not recommended.

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@ -8,14 +8,6 @@ metadata:
# Pennant Features
## When to Apply
Activate this skill when:
- Creating or checking feature flags
- Managing feature rollouts
- Implementing A/B testing
## Documentation
Use `search-docs` for detailed Pennant patterns and documentation.
@ -74,4 +66,4 @@ Feature::for($user)->activate('new-dashboard');
## Common Pitfalls
- Forgetting to scope features for specific users/entities
- Not following existing naming conventions
- Not following existing naming conventions

View File

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
---
name: pest-testing
description: "Use this skill for Pest PHP testing in Laravel projects only. Trigger whenever any test is being written, edited, fixed, or refactored — including fixing tests that broke after a code change, adding assertions, converting PHPUnit to Pest, adding datasets, and TDD workflows. Always activate when the user asks how to write something in Pest, mentions test files or directories (tests/Feature, tests/Unit, tests/Browser), or needs browser testing, smoke testing multiple pages for JS errors, or architecture tests. Covers: it()/expect() syntax, datasets, mocking, browser testing (visit/click/fill), smoke testing, arch(), Livewire component tests, RefreshDatabase, and all Pest 4 features. Do not use for factories, seeders, migrations, controllers, models, or non-test PHP code."
description: "Use this skill for Pest PHP testing in Laravel projects only. Trigger whenever any test is being written, edited, fixed, or refactored — including fixing tests that broke after a code change, adding assertions, converting PHPUnit to Pest, adding datasets, and TDD workflows. Always activate when the user asks how to write something in Pest, mentions test files or directories (tests/Feature, tests/Unit, tests/Browser), or needs browser testing, smoke testing multiple pages for JS errors, or architecture tests. Covers: test()/it()/expect() syntax, datasets, mocking, browser testing (visit/click/fill), smoke testing, arch(), Livewire component tests, RefreshDatabase, and all Pest 4 features. Do not use for factories, seeders, migrations, controllers, models, or non-test PHP code."
license: MIT
metadata:
author: laravel
@ -18,6 +18,12 @@ Use `search-docs` for detailed Pest 4 patterns and documentation.
All tests must be written using Pest. Use `php artisan make:test --pest {name}`.
The `{name}` argument should include only the path and test name, but should not include the test suite.
- Incorrect: `php artisan make:test --pest Feature/SomeFeatureTest` will generate `tests/Feature/Feature/SomeFeatureTest.php`
- Correct: `php artisan make:test --pest SomeControllerTest` will generate `tests/Feature/SomeControllerTest.php`
- Incorrect: `php artisan make:test --pest --unit Unit/SomeServiceTest` will generate `tests/Unit/Unit/SomeServiceTest.php`
- Correct: `php artisan make:test --pest --unit SomeServiceTest` will generate `tests/Unit/SomeServiceTest.php`
### Test Organization
- Unit/Feature tests: `tests/Feature` and `tests/Unit` directories.
@ -26,6 +32,8 @@ All tests must be written using Pest. Use `php artisan make:test --pest {name}`.
### Basic Test Structure
Pest supports both `test()` and `it()` functions. Before writing new tests, check existing test files in the same directory to match the project's convention. Use `test()` if existing tests use `test()`, or `it()` if they use `it()`.
<!-- Basic Pest Test Example -->
```php
it('is true', function () {
@ -154,4 +162,5 @@ arch('controllers')
- Using `assertStatus(200)` instead of `assertSuccessful()`
- Forgetting datasets for repetitive validation tests
- Deleting tests without approval
- Forgetting `assertNoJavaScriptErrors()` in browser tests
- Forgetting `assertNoJavaScriptErrors()` in browser tests
- Prefixing `Feature/` or `Unit/` in `{name}` when using `make:test`

View File

@ -116,4 +116,4 @@ If existing pages and components support dark mode, new pages and components mus
- Using `@tailwind` directives instead of `@import "tailwindcss"`
- Trying to use `tailwind.config.js` instead of CSS `@theme` directive
- Using margins for spacing between siblings instead of gap utilities
- Forgetting to add dark mode variants when the project uses dark mode
- Forgetting to add dark mode variants when the project uses dark mode

View File

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
---
name: wayfinder-development
description: "Activates whenever referencing backend routes in frontend components. Use when importing from @/actions or @/routes, calling Laravel routes from TypeScript, or working with Wayfinder route functions."
description: "Use this skill for Laravel Wayfinder which auto-generates typed functions for Laravel controllers and routes. ALWAYS use this skill when frontend code needs to call backend routes or controller actions. Trigger when: connecting any React/Vue/Svelte/Inertia frontend to Laravel controllers, routes, building end-to-end features with both frontend and backend, wiring up forms or links to backend endpoints, fixing route-related TypeScript errors, importing from @/actions or @/routes, or running wayfinder:generate. Use Wayfinder route functions instead of hardcoded URLs. Covers: wayfinder() vite plugin, .url()/.get()/.post()/.form(), query params, route model binding, tree-shaking. Do not use for backend-only task"
license: MIT
metadata:
author: laravel
@ -77,4 +77,4 @@ Use Wayfinder with the `<Form>` component:
- Using default imports instead of named imports (breaks tree-shaking)
- Forgetting to regenerate after route changes
- Not using type-safe parameter objects for route model binding
- Not using type-safe parameter objects for route model binding

178
CLAUDE.md
View File

@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This file provides guidance to Claude Code (claude.ai/code) when working with co
## Project Overview
Whisper Money is a privacy-first personal finance app. Your data is never shared with third parties—you are the owner. It uses Laravel 12 (PHP 8.4) backend with React 19 frontend via Inertia.js v2.
Whisper Money is a privacy-first personal finance app. Your data is never shared with third parties—you are the owner. It uses Laravel 13 (PHP 8.4) backend with React 19 frontend via Inertia.js v2.
## Commands
@ -111,44 +111,15 @@ The Laravel Boost guidelines are specifically curated by Laravel maintainers for
## Foundational Context
This application is a Laravel application and its main Laravel ecosystems package & versions are below. You are an expert with them all. Ensure you abide by these specific packages & versions.
This application is a Laravel application running on PHP 8.4. You are an expert with the Laravel ecosystem. Always use the APIs that match the installed major version of each package — do not assume a version.
- php - 8.4
- inertiajs/inertia-laravel (INERTIA_LARAVEL) - v2
- laravel/ai (AI) - v0
- laravel/cashier (CASHIER) - v16
- laravel/fortify (FORTIFY) - v1
- laravel/framework (LARAVEL) - v13
- laravel/pennant (PENNANT) - v1
- laravel/prompts (PROMPTS) - v0
- laravel/wayfinder (WAYFINDER) - v0
- larastan/larastan (LARASTAN) - v3
- laravel/boost (BOOST) - v2
- laravel/mcp (MCP) - v0
- laravel/pail (PAIL) - v1
- laravel/pint (PINT) - v1
- laravel/sail (SAIL) - v1
- pestphp/pest (PEST) - v4
- phpunit/phpunit (PHPUNIT) - v12
- @inertiajs/react (INERTIA_REACT) - v2
- react (REACT) - v19
- tailwindcss (TAILWINDCSS) - v4
- @laravel/vite-plugin-wayfinder (WAYFINDER_VITE) - v0
- eslint (ESLINT) - v9
- prettier (PRETTIER) - v3
Before relying on a package's API, confirm its installed version:
- PHP packages: run `composer show --direct` to list direct dependencies with versions, or `composer show <vendor/package>` for a single package.
- JS packages: check `package.json` for the installed versions.
## Skills Activation
This project has domain-specific skills available. You MUST activate the relevant skill whenever you work in that domain—don't wait until you're stuck.
- `cashier-stripe-development` — Handles Laravel Cashier Stripe integration including subscriptions, webhooks, Stripe Checkout, invoices, charges, refunds, trials, coupons, metered billing, and payment failure handling. Triggered when a user mentions Cashier, Billable, IncompletePayment, stripe_id, newSubscription, Stripe subscriptions, or billing. Also applies when setting up webhooks, handling SCA/3DS payment failures, testing with Stripe test cards, or troubleshooting incomplete subscriptions, CSRF webhook errors, or migration publish issues.
- `pennant-development` — Use when working with Laravel Pennant the official Laravel feature flag package. Trigger whenever the query mentions Pennant by name or involves feature flags or feature toggles in a Laravel project. Tasks include defining feature flags checking whether features are active creating class based features in `app/Features` using Blade `@feature` directives scoping flags to users or teams building custom Pennant storage drivers protecting routes with feature flags testing feature flags with Pest or PHPUnit and implementing A B testing or gradual rollouts with feature flags. Do not trigger for generic Laravel configuration authorization policies authentication or non Pennant feature management systems.
- `wayfinder-development` — Activates whenever referencing backend routes in frontend components. Use when importing from @/actions or @/routes, calling Laravel routes from TypeScript, or working with Wayfinder route functions.
- `pest-testing` — Use this skill for Pest PHP testing in Laravel projects only. Trigger whenever any test is being written, edited, fixed, or refactored — including fixing tests that broke after a code change, adding assertions, converting PHPUnit to Pest, adding datasets, and TDD workflows. Always activate when the user asks how to write something in Pest, mentions test files or directories (tests/Feature, tests/Unit, tests/Browser), or needs browser testing, smoke testing multiple pages for JS errors, or architecture tests. Covers: it()/expect() syntax, datasets, mocking, browser testing (visit/click/fill), smoke testing, arch(), Livewire component tests, RefreshDatabase, and all Pest 4 features. Do not use for factories, seeders, migrations, controllers, models, or non-test PHP code.
- `inertia-react-development` — Develops Inertia.js v2 React client-side applications. Activates when creating React pages, forms, or navigation; using <Link>, <Form>, useForm, or router; working with deferred props, prefetching, or polling; or when user mentions React with Inertia, React pages, React forms, or React navigation.
- `tailwindcss-development` — Always invoke when the user's message includes 'tailwind' in any form. Also invoke for: building responsive grid layouts (multi-column card grids, product grids), flex/grid page structures (dashboards with sidebars, fixed topbars, mobile-toggle navs), styling UI components (cards, tables, navbars, pricing sections, forms, inputs, badges), adding dark mode variants, fixing spacing or typography, and Tailwind v3/v4 work. The core use case: writing or fixing Tailwind utility classes in HTML templates (Blade, JSX, Vue). Skip for backend PHP logic, database queries, API routes, JavaScript with no HTML/CSS component, CSS file audits, build tool configuration, and vanilla CSS.
- `ai-sdk-development` — TRIGGER when working with ai-sdk which is Laravel official first-party AI SDK. Activate when building, editing AI agents, chatbots, text generation, image generation, audio/TTS, transcription/STT, embeddings, RAG, vector stores, reranking, structured output, streaming, conversation memory, tools, queueing, broadcasting, and provider failover across OpenAI, Anthropic, Gemini, Azure, Groq, xAI, DeepSeek, Mistral, Ollama, ElevenLabs, Cohere, Jina, and VoyageAI. Invoke when the user references ai-sdk, the `Laravel\Ai\` namespace, or this project's AI features — not for other AI packages used directly.
- `fortify-development` — Laravel Fortify headless authentication backend development. Activate when implementing authentication features including login, registration, password reset, email verification, two-factor authentication (2FA/TOTP), profile updates, headless auth, authentication scaffolding, or auth guards in Laravel applications.
This project has domain-specific skills available in `**/skills/**`. You MUST activate the relevant skill whenever you work in that domain—don't wait until you're stuck.
## Conventions
@ -181,82 +152,61 @@ This project has domain-specific skills available. You MUST activate the relevan
# Laravel Boost
- Laravel Boost is an MCP server that comes with powerful tools designed specifically for this application. Use them.
## Tools
## Artisan Commands
- Laravel Boost is an MCP server with tools designed specifically for this application. Prefer Boost tools over manual alternatives like shell commands or file reads.
- Use `database-query` to run read-only queries against the database instead of writing raw SQL in tinker.
- Use `database-schema` to inspect table structure before writing migrations or models.
- Use `get-absolute-url` to resolve the correct scheme, domain, and port for project URLs. Always use this before sharing a URL with the user.
- Use `browser-logs` to read browser logs, errors, and exceptions. Only recent logs are useful, ignore old entries.
- Run Artisan commands directly via the command line (e.g., `php artisan route:list`, `php artisan tinker --execute "..."`).
- Use `php artisan list` to discover available commands and `php artisan [command] --help` to check parameters.
## Searching Documentation (IMPORTANT)
## URLs
- Always use `search-docs` before making code changes. Do not skip this step. It returns version-specific docs based on installed packages automatically.
- Pass a `packages` array to scope results when you know which packages are relevant.
- Use multiple broad, topic-based queries: `['rate limiting', 'routing rate limiting', 'routing']`. Expect the most relevant results first.
- Do not add package names to queries because package info is already shared. Use `test resource table`, not `filament 4 test resource table`.
- Whenever you share a project URL with the user, you should use the `get-absolute-url` tool to ensure you're using the correct scheme, domain/IP, and port.
### Search Syntax
## Debugging
1. Use words for auto-stemmed AND logic: `rate limit` matches both "rate" AND "limit".
2. Use `"quoted phrases"` for exact position matching: `"infinite scroll"` requires adjacent words in order.
3. Combine words and phrases for mixed queries: `middleware "rate limit"`.
4. Use multiple queries for OR logic: `queries=["authentication", "middleware"]`.
- Use the `database-query` tool when you only need to read from the database.
- Use the `database-schema` tool to inspect table structure before writing migrations or models.
- To execute PHP code for debugging, run `php artisan tinker --execute "your code here"` directly.
- To read configuration values, read the config files directly or run `php artisan config:show [key]`.
- To inspect routes, run `php artisan route:list` directly.
- To check environment variables, read the `.env` file directly.
## Project Rules
## Reading Browser Logs With the `browser-logs` Tool
- This project contains committed, area-grouped rules in `.ai/rules` when that directory exists (settled decisions, non-obvious traps, standing constraints). Framework and package guidelines that only apply to specific paths (testing, frontend, components) also live there, under `.ai/rules/boost` — this is not just recorded decisions, it is load-bearing guidance you have not seen inline. Before you enter plan mode or create/edit any file, you MUST first: open @.ai/rules/index.md (it maps file globs to rule files), read every rule file whose globs cover the path(s) in scope, and run `grep -rin 'keyword' .ai/rules` to catch what a path match alone misses. Do not write code until you have read and are following every matching rule. If `.ai/rules` does not exist, continue without it.
- Record durable rules with `record-rule` so the next agent or teammate inherits them instead of working them out again. Pass a `glob` (e.g. `app/Http/Controllers/**`), a short `title`, and a few-line `note`. Always use `record-rule`, never your native memory or notes tool — native memory is personal and session-scoped; only `.ai/rules` is shared with the team and persists in the repo.
- You can read browser logs, errors, and exceptions using the `browser-logs` tool from Boost.
- Only recent browser logs will be useful - ignore old logs.
## Artisan
## Searching Documentation (Critically Important)
- Run Artisan commands directly via the command line (e.g., `php artisan route:list`). Use `php artisan list` to discover available commands and `php artisan [command] --help` to check parameters.
- Inspect routes with `php artisan route:list`. Filter with: `--method=GET`, `--name=users`, `--path=api`, `--except-vendor`, `--only-vendor`.
- Read configuration values using dot notation: `php artisan config:show app.name`, `php artisan config:show database.default`. Or read config files directly from the `config/` directory.
- Boost comes with a powerful `search-docs` tool you should use before trying other approaches when working with Laravel or Laravel ecosystem packages. This tool automatically passes a list of installed packages and their versions to the remote Boost API, so it returns only version-specific documentation for the user's circumstance. You should pass an array of packages to filter on if you know you need docs for particular packages.
- Search the documentation before making code changes to ensure we are taking the correct approach.
- Use multiple, broad, simple, topic-based queries at once. For example: `['rate limiting', 'routing rate limiting', 'routing']`. The most relevant results will be returned first.
- Do not add package names to queries; package information is already shared. For example, use `test resource table`, not `filament 4 test resource table`.
## Tinker
### Available Search Syntax
1. Simple Word Searches with auto-stemming - query=authentication - finds 'authenticate' and 'auth'.
2. Multiple Words (AND Logic) - query=rate limit - finds knowledge containing both "rate" AND "limit".
3. Quoted Phrases (Exact Position) - query="infinite scroll" - words must be adjacent and in that order.
4. Mixed Queries - query=middleware "rate limit" - "middleware" AND exact phrase "rate limit".
5. Multiple Queries - queries=["authentication", "middleware"] - ANY of these terms.
- Execute PHP in app context for debugging and testing code. Do not create models without user approval, prefer tests with factories instead. Prefer existing Artisan commands over custom tinker code.
- Always use single quotes to prevent shell expansion: `php artisan tinker --execute 'Your::code();'`
- Double quotes for PHP strings inside: `php artisan tinker --execute 'User::where("active", true)->count();'`
=== php rules ===
# PHP
- Always use curly braces for control structures, even for single-line bodies.
- Use PHP 8 constructor property promotion: `public function __construct(public GitHub $github) { }`. Do not leave empty zero-parameter `__construct()` methods unless the constructor is private.
- Use explicit return type declarations and type hints for all method parameters: `function isAccessible(User $user, ?string $path = null): bool`
- Use TitleCase for Enum keys: `FavoritePerson`, `BestLake`, `Monthly`.
- Prefer PHPDoc blocks over inline comments. Only add inline comments for exceptionally complex logic.
- Use array shape type definitions in PHPDoc blocks.
## Constructors
=== deployments rules ===
- Use PHP 8 constructor property promotion in `__construct()`.
- `public function __construct(public GitHub $github) { }`
- Do not allow empty `__construct()` methods with zero parameters unless the constructor is private.
# Deployment
## Type Declarations
- Always use explicit return type declarations for methods and functions.
- Use appropriate PHP type hints for method parameters.
<!-- Explicit Return Types and Method Params -->
```php
protected function isAccessible(User $user, ?string $path = null): bool
{
...
}
```
## Enums
- Typically, keys in an Enum should be TitleCase. For example: `FavoritePerson`, `BestLake`, `Monthly`.
## Comments
- Prefer PHPDoc blocks over inline comments. Never use comments within the code itself unless the logic is exceptionally complex.
## PHPDoc Blocks
- Add useful array shape type definitions when appropriate.
- Laravel can be deployed using [Laravel Cloud](https://cloud.laravel.com/), which is the fastest way to deploy and scale production Laravel applications.
=== tests rules ===
@ -277,7 +227,7 @@ protected function isAccessible(User $user, ?string $path = null): bool
# Inertia v2
- Use all Inertia features from v1 and v2. Check the documentation before making changes to ensure the correct approach.
- New features: deferred props, infinite scroll, merging props, polling, prefetching, once props, flash data.
- New features: deferred props, infinite scrolling (merging props + `WhenVisible`), lazy loading on scroll, polling, prefetching.
- When using deferred props, add an empty state with a pulsing or animated skeleton.
=== laravel/core rules ===
@ -288,43 +238,18 @@ protected function isAccessible(User $user, ?string $path = null): bool
- If you're creating a generic PHP class, use `php artisan make:class`.
- Pass `--no-interaction` to all Artisan commands to ensure they work without user input. You should also pass the correct `--options` to ensure correct behavior.
## Database
- Always use proper Eloquent relationship methods with return type hints. Prefer relationship methods over raw queries or manual joins.
- Use Eloquent models and relationships before suggesting raw database queries.
- Avoid `DB::`; prefer `Model::query()`. Generate code that leverages Laravel's ORM capabilities rather than bypassing them.
- Generate code that prevents N+1 query problems by using eager loading.
- Use Laravel's query builder for very complex database operations.
### Model Creation
- When creating new models, create useful factories and seeders for them too. Ask the user if they need any other things, using `php artisan make:model --help` to check the available options.
### APIs & Eloquent Resources
## APIs & Eloquent Resources
- For APIs, default to using Eloquent API Resources and API versioning unless existing API routes do not, then you should follow existing application convention.
## Controllers & Validation
- Always create Form Request classes for validation rather than inline validation in controllers. Include both validation rules and custom error messages.
- Check sibling Form Requests to see if the application uses array or string based validation rules.
## Authentication & Authorization
- Use Laravel's built-in authentication and authorization features (gates, policies, Sanctum, etc.).
## URL Generation
- When generating links to other pages, prefer named routes and the `route()` function.
## Queues
- Use queued jobs for time-consuming operations with the `ShouldQueue` interface.
## Configuration
- Use environment variables only in configuration files - never use the `env()` function directly outside of config files. Always use `config('app.name')`, not `env('APP_NAME')`.
## Testing
- When creating models for tests, use the factories for the models. Check if the factory has custom states that can be used before manually setting up the model.
@ -339,13 +264,7 @@ protected function isAccessible(User $user, ?string $path = null): bool
# Laravel Wayfinder
Wayfinder generates TypeScript functions for Laravel routes. Import from `@/actions/` (controllers) or `@/routes/` (named routes).
- IMPORTANT: Activate `wayfinder-development` skill whenever referencing backend routes in frontend components.
- Invokable Controllers: `import StorePost from '@/actions/.../StorePostController'; StorePost()`.
- Parameter Binding: Detects route keys (`{post:slug}`) — `show({ slug: "my-post" })`.
- Query Merging: `show(1, { mergeQuery: { page: 2, sort: null } })` merges with current URL, `null` removes params.
- Inertia: Use `.form()` with `<Form>` component or `form.submit(store())` with useForm.
Use Wayfinder to generate TypeScript functions for Laravel routes. Import from `@/actions/` (controllers) or `@/routes/` (named routes).
=== pint/core rules ===
@ -359,6 +278,7 @@ Wayfinder generates TypeScript functions for Laravel routes. Import from `@/acti
## Pest
- This project uses Pest for testing. Create tests: `php artisan make:test --pest {name}`.
- The `{name}` argument should not include the test suite directory. Use `php artisan make:test --pest SomeFeatureTest` instead of `php artisan make:test --pest Feature/SomeFeatureTest`.
- Run tests: `php artisan test --compact` or filter: `php artisan test --compact --filter=testName`.
- Do NOT delete tests without approval.
@ -368,12 +288,4 @@ Wayfinder generates TypeScript functions for Laravel routes. Import from `@/acti
- IMPORTANT: Activate `inertia-react-development` when working with Inertia React client-side patterns.
=== laravel/fortify rules ===
# Laravel Fortify
- Fortify is a headless authentication backend that provides authentication routes and controllers for Laravel applications.
- IMPORTANT: Always use the `search-docs` tool for detailed Laravel Fortify patterns and documentation.
- IMPORTANT: Activate `developing-with-fortify` skill when working with Fortify authentication features.
</laravel-boost-guidelines>

View File

@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class GenerateStripePromotionCodesCommand extends Command
try {
return Cashier::stripe()->promotionCodes->create([
'coupon' => $couponId,
'promotion' => ['type' => 'coupon', 'coupon' => $couponId],
'code' => $code,
'max_redemptions' => 1,
]);

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@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use Illuminate\Http\Client\ConnectionException;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Http;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
use Intervention\Image\Drivers\Gd\Driver;
use Intervention\Image\Encoders\PngEncoder;
use Intervention\Image\ImageManager;
class SetBankLogoCommand extends Command implements PromptsForMissingInput
@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ class SetBankLogoCommand extends Command implements PromptsForMissingInput
try {
$manager = new ImageManager(new Driver);
$image = $manager->read($response->body());
$image = $manager->decodeBinary($response->body());
} catch (\Exception $e) {
$this->error("Downloaded file is not a valid image: {$e->getMessage()}");
@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ class SetBankLogoCommand extends Command implements PromptsForMissingInput
$path = "banks/logos/{$bank->id}.png";
Storage::disk('public')->put($path, $image->toPng()->toString());
Storage::disk('public')->put($path, $image->encode(new PngEncoder)->toString());
$logoUrl = Storage::disk('public')->url($path);

View File

@ -2,23 +2,24 @@
"agents": [
"claude_code"
],
"cloud": false,
"guidelines": true,
"herd_mcp": false,
"mcp": true,
"nightwatch_mcp": false,
"packages": [
"laravel/fortify",
"laravel/ai"
],
"sail": false,
"skills": [
"infer-conventions",
"ai-sdk-development",
"cashier-stripe-development",
"fortify-development",
"laravel-best-practices",
"mcp-development",
"passport-development",
"pennant-development",
"wayfinder-development",
"pest-testing",
"inertia-react-development",
"tailwindcss-development",
"ai-sdk-development",
"fortify-development"
"tailwindcss-development"
]
}

View File

@ -13,13 +13,13 @@
"aws/aws-sdk-php": "^3.382",
"firebase/php-jwt": "^7.0",
"inertiajs/inertia-laravel": "^2.0",
"intervention/image": "^3.0",
"intervention/image": "^4.2",
"jwadhams/json-logic-php": "^1.5",
"laravel/ai": "^0.7.2",
"laravel/ai": "^0.10.3",
"laravel/cashier": "^16.1",
"laravel/fortify": "^1.30",
"laravel/framework": "^13.0",
"laravel/mcp": "^0.6.7",
"laravel/mcp": "^0.9.3",
"laravel/passport": "^13.0",
"laravel/pennant": "^1.18",
"laravel/sanctum": "^4.3",
@ -31,16 +31,16 @@
"require-dev": {
"fakerphp/faker": "^1.23",
"larastan/larastan": "^3.9",
"laravel/boost": "^2",
"laravel/boost": "^2.5.3",
"laravel/pail": "^1.2.2",
"laravel/pao": "^1.1",
"laravel/pint": "^1.24",
"laravel/sail": "^1.41",
"mockery/mockery": "^1.6",
"nunomaduro/collision": "^8.6",
"pestphp/pest": "^4.6",
"pestphp/pest-plugin-browser": "^4.0",
"pestphp/pest-plugin-laravel": "^4.0",
"pestphp/pest": "^5.1",
"pestphp/pest-plugin-browser": "^5.0",
"pestphp/pest-plugin-laravel": "^5.0",
"testcontainers/testcontainers": "^1.0",
"tomasvotruba/unused-public": "^2.2"
},

4137
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@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ test('creates requested number of single use promotion codes for default coupon'
expect($createdParams)->toHaveCount(3);
foreach ($createdParams as $params) {
expect($params['coupon'])->toBe('0E5fAsXG');
expect($params['promotion'])->toBe(['type' => 'coupon', 'coupon' => '0E5fAsXG']);
expect($params['max_redemptions'])->toBe(1);
expect($params['code'])->toStartWith('WM-');
}

View File

@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ it('registers a public PKCE client via dynamic client registration', function ()
$response = postJson('/oauth/register', [
'client_name' => 'Claude',
'redirect_uris' => [CLAUDE_CALLBACK],
])->assertOk()->assertJson([
])->assertCreated()->assertJson([
'token_endpoint_auth_method' => 'none',
'scope' => 'mcp:use',
]);

View File

@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ it('splits post-start users across all three variants and stays stable per user'
expect($offer->variantFor($user))->toBe($assigned);
}
expect(array_unique($variants))->toEqualCanonicalizing([
expect(array_values(array_unique($variants)))->toEqualCanonicalizing([
SubscriptionExperiment::CONTROL,
SubscriptionExperiment::REDUCED_TRIAL,
SubscriptionExperiment::PAY_NOW,