paperclip/doc/DEPLOYMENT-MODES.md

# Deployment Modes

Status: Canonical deployment and auth mode model  
Date: 2026-02-23

## 1. Purpose

Paperclip supports two runtime modes:

1. `local_trusted`
2. `authenticated`

`authenticated` supports two exposure policies:

1. `private`
2. `public`

This keeps one authenticated auth stack while still separating low-friction private-network defaults from internet-facing hardening requirements.

Paperclip now treats **bind** as a separate concern from auth:

- auth model: `local_trusted` vs `authenticated`, plus `private/public`
- reachability model: `server.bind = loopback | lan | tailnet | custom`

## 2. Canonical Model

| Runtime Mode | Exposure | Human auth | Primary use |
|---|---|---|---|
| `local_trusted` | n/a | No login required | Single-operator local machine workflow |
| `authenticated` | `private` | Login required | Private-network access (for example Tailscale/VPN/LAN) |
| `authenticated` | `public` | Login required | Internet-facing/cloud deployment |

## Reachability Model

| Bind | Meaning | Typical use |
|---|---|---|
| `loopback` | Listen on localhost only | default local usage, reverse-proxy deployments |
| `lan` | Listen on all interfaces (`0.0.0.0`) | LAN/VPN/private-network access |
| `tailnet` | Listen on a detected Tailscale IP | Tailscale-only access |
| `custom` | Listen on an explicit host/IP | advanced interface-specific setups |

## 3. Security Policy

## `local_trusted`

- loopback-only host binding
- no human login flow
- optimized for fastest local startup

## `authenticated + private`

- login required
- low-friction URL handling (`auto` base URL mode)
- private-host trust policy required
- Better Auth request rate limiting is off by default for private mode to keep local/LAN repair loops from locking out the operator; set `PAPERCLIP_AUTH_RATE_LIMIT_ENABLED=true` to opt in
- bind can be `loopback`, `lan`, `tailnet`, or `custom`

## `authenticated + public`

- login required
- explicit public URL required
- stricter deployment checks and failures in doctor
- Better Auth request rate limiting is on by default; set `PAPERCLIP_AUTH_RATE_LIMIT_ENABLED=false` only when an explicit front-door limiter covers the deployment
- recommended bind is `loopback` behind a reverse proxy; direct `lan/custom` is advanced
- local stdio MCP runtime slots fail closed by default; set `PAPERCLIP_TRUSTED_MCP_RUNTIME_HOST` only when a trusted worker/runtime host is configured to supervise those processes. Remote HTTP MCP remains the preferred public-hosted path.

### Paperclip Cloud warm-pool identity

A Cloud-managed warm-pool process initially boots under a `pool-*` origin. It
receives only Cloud's public verification set in
`PAPERCLIP_CLOUD_RUNTIME_IDENTITY_JWKS`. Before Cloud activates a claimed stack,
the existing server-to-server health request carries a short-lived Ed25519 JWS
that binds the immutable `PAPERCLIP_CLOUD_STACK_ID`, pool claim, previous
origin, canonical HTTPS origin, and slug. Paperclip verifies and persists that
one-time assertion, updates its live public/API URL provider, and acknowledges
the exact origin in `/api/health` before the first user request is admitted.

The Harness signing private key is never present in Paperclip, browsers, or
other tenant stacks. A different claim or destination cannot replace the
persisted identity. On restart, the durable identity is loaded before auth,
routes, and child-runtime configuration, even when provider variables are
temporarily stale. Self-hosted deployments continue to use their configured
`PAPERCLIP_PUBLIC_URL` and do not participate in this protocol.

## 4. Onboarding UX Contract

Default onboarding remains interactive and flagless:

```sh
pnpm paperclipai onboard
```

Server prompt behavior:

1. quickstart `--yes` defaults to `server.bind=loopback` and therefore `local_trusted/private`
2. advanced server setup asks reachability first:
- `Trusted local` → `bind=loopback`, `local_trusted/private`
- `Private network` → `bind=lan`, `authenticated/private`
- `Tailnet` → `bind=tailnet`, `authenticated/private`
- `Custom` → manual mode/exposure/host entry
3. raw host entry is only required for the `Custom` path
4. explicit public URL is only required for `authenticated + public`

Examples:

```sh
pnpm paperclipai onboard --yes
npx paperclipai onboard --yes --bind lan
npx paperclipai run --bind tailnet
```

`configure --section server` follows the same interactive behavior.

## 5. Doctor UX Contract

Default doctor remains flagless:

```sh
pnpm paperclipai doctor
```

Doctor reads configured mode/exposure and applies mode-aware checks. Optional override flags are secondary.

## 6. Board/User Integration Contract

Board identity must be represented by a real DB user principal for user-based features to work consistently.

Required integration points:

- real user row in `authUsers` for Board identity
- `instance_user_roles` entry for Board admin authority
- `company_memberships` integration for user-level task assignment and access

This is required because user assignment paths validate active membership for `assigneeUserId`.

## 7. Local Trusted -> Authenticated Claim Flow

When running `authenticated` mode, if the only instance admin is `local-board`, Paperclip emits a startup warning with a one-time high-entropy claim URL.

- URL format: `/board-claim/<token>?code=<code>`
- intended use: signed-in human claims board ownership
- claim action:
  - promotes current signed-in user to `instance_admin`
  - demotes `local-board` admin role
  - ensures active owner membership for the claiming user across existing companies

This prevents lockout when a user migrates from long-running local trusted usage to authenticated mode.

## 8. First Admin Setup For Fresh Authenticated Installs

Fresh authenticated installs start in `bootstrap_pending` until the first
`instance_admin` exists.

For `authenticated/private`, Paperclip supports a browser-first setup path:

1. open the Paperclip URL from the private network or appliance UI
2. sign in or create a Paperclip account
3. choose `Claim this instance` on the setup screen

That browser claim promotes the signed-in session user to the first instance
admin and then falls through to normal onboarding. The endpoint is available
only to real browser session actors in `authenticated/private`; unauthenticated
requests, agent keys, board API keys, and local implicit board actors are
rejected.

This is intentionally a first-claim bootstrap contract: before an instance
admin exists, the first authenticated browser session that completes the claim
wins. Operators must keep a `bootstrap_pending` private deployment on a trusted
network and complete setup before admitting untrusted users. This behavior is
not an account-recovery or public-deployment mechanism.

The CLI fallback remains supported in all authenticated setup states:

```sh
pnpm paperclipai auth bootstrap-ceo
```

That command prints a one-time first-admin invite URL. Browser claim and
bootstrap invite acceptance share the same first-admin transaction, so whichever
path wins first makes later attempts return a conflict.

For `authenticated/public`, browser first-admin claim is intentionally disabled.
Public deployments must use the high-entropy bootstrap invite path unless a
future public-hosted setup design explicitly changes this policy.

## 9. Current Code Reality (As Of 2026-02-23)

- runtime values are `local_trusted | authenticated`
- `authenticated` uses Better Auth sessions and bootstrap invite flow
- `local_trusted` ensures a real local Board user principal in `authUsers` with `instance_user_roles` admin access
- company creation ensures creator membership in `company_memberships` so user assignment/access flows remain consistent

## 10. Naming and Compatibility Policy

- canonical naming is `local_trusted` and `authenticated` with `private/public` exposure
- no long-term compatibility alias layer for discarded naming variants

## 11. Relationship to Other Docs

- implementation plan: `doc/plans/2026-02-23-deployment-auth-mode-consolidation.md`
- V1 contract: `doc/SPEC-implementation.md`
- operator workflows: `doc/DEVELOPING.md` and `doc/CLI.md`
- invite/join state map: `doc/spec/invite-flow.md`