1.2 KiB
Map and Compass
Declination
True north and magnetic north are not the same, and the angle between them is declination. It varies by location and drifts over time. A map printed with a declination diagram from 1998 is telling you about 1998.
Set the declination on the compass housing if it adjusts. If it does not, write the correction on the compass with a paint pen so you are not doing arithmetic under stress.
Taking a bearing
Lay the compass edge along your intended line of travel on the map, rotate the housing until the orienting lines match the map's north-south grid, then lift the compass and turn your body until the needle sits in the shed. Walk the direction of travel arrow.
Pacing
Know your pace count — the number of double-steps you take to cover 100 meters. For most adults it is between 60 and 70 on flat ground, and it lengthens downhill and shortens uphill and under load. Measure yours on a known distance; do not assume an average.
Handrails and catching features
Navigate along linear features — a stream, a ridge, a fence line — and pick a "catching feature" beyond your target that tells you when you have gone too far. This is more reliable than trying to hit a small point precisely.