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.. _topics-extensions:
==========
Extensions
==========
Extensions are :ref:`components <topics-components>` that allow inserting your
own custom functionality into Scrapy.
Unlike other components, extensions do not have a specific role in Scrapy. They
are “wildcard” components that can be used for anything that does not fit the
role of any other type of component.
Loading and activating extensions
=================================
Extensions are loaded at startup by creating a single instance of the extension
class per spider being run.
To enable an extension, add it to the :setting:`EXTENSIONS` setting. For
example:
.. code-block:: python
EXTENSIONS = {
"scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats": 500,
"scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole": 500,
}
:setting:`EXTENSIONS` is merged with :setting:`EXTENSIONS_BASE` (not meant to
be overridden), and the priorities in the resulting value determine the
*loading* order.
As extensions typically do not depend on each other, their loading order is
irrelevant in most cases. This is why the :setting:`EXTENSIONS_BASE` setting
defines all extensions with the same order (``0``). However, you may need to
carefully use priorities if you add an extension that depends on other
extensions being already loaded.
Writing your own extension
==========================
Each extension is a :ref:`component <topics-components>`.
Typically, extensions connect to :ref:`signals <topics-signals>` and perform
tasks triggered by them.
Sample extension
----------------
Here we will implement a simple extension to illustrate the concepts described
in the previous section. This extension will log a message every time:
* a spider is opened
* a spider is closed
* a specific number of items are scraped
The extension will be enabled through the ``MYEXT_ENABLED`` setting and the
number of items will be specified through the ``MYEXT_ITEMCOUNT`` setting.
Here is the code of such extension:
.. code-block:: python
import logging
from scrapy import signals
from scrapy.exceptions import NotConfigured
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class SpiderOpenCloseLogging:
def __init__(self, item_count):
self.item_count = item_count
self.items_scraped = 0
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
# first check if the extension should be enabled and raise
# NotConfigured otherwise
if not crawler.settings.getbool("MYEXT_ENABLED"):
raise NotConfigured
# get the number of items from settings
item_count = crawler.settings.getint("MYEXT_ITEMCOUNT", 1000)
# instantiate the extension object
ext = cls(item_count)
# connect the extension object to signals
crawler.signals.connect(ext.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
crawler.signals.connect(ext.spider_closed, signal=signals.spider_closed)
crawler.signals.connect(ext.item_scraped, signal=signals.item_scraped)
# return the extension object
return ext
def spider_opened(self, spider):
logger.info("opened spider %s", spider.name)
def spider_closed(self, spider):
logger.info("closed spider %s", spider.name)
def item_scraped(self, item, spider):
self.items_scraped += 1
if self.items_scraped % self.item_count == 0:
logger.info("scraped %d items", self.items_scraped)
.. _topics-extensions-ref:
Built-in extensions reference
=============================
General purpose extensions
--------------------------
Log Stats extension
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. module:: scrapy.extensions.logstats
:synopsis: Basic stats logging
.. class:: LogStats
Log basic stats like crawled pages and scraped items.
Core Stats extension
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. module:: scrapy.extensions.corestats
:synopsis: Core stats collection
.. class:: CoreStats
Enable the collection of core statistics, provided the stats collection is
enabled (see :ref:`topics-stats`).
The following stats are collected:
* ``start_time``: start date/time of the crawl (:class:`~datetime.datetime`).
* ``finish_time``: end date/time of the crawl (:class:`~datetime.datetime`).
* ``elapsed_time_seconds``: total crawl duration in seconds (:class:`float`).
* ``finish_reason``: the closing reason string (e.g. ``"finished"``,
``"closespider_timeout"``).
* ``item_scraped_count``: total number of items that passed all pipelines.
* ``item_dropped_count``: total number of items dropped by a pipeline.
* ``item_dropped_reasons_count/<ExceptionName>``: per-exception drop count
(e.g. ``item_dropped_reasons_count/DropItem``).
* ``response_received_count``: total number of HTTP responses received.
Log Count extension
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. module:: scrapy.extensions.logcount
:synopsis: Basic stats logging
.. autoclass:: LogCount
.. _topics-extensions-ref-telnetconsole:
Telnet console extension
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. module:: scrapy.extensions.telnet
:synopsis: Telnet console
.. class:: TelnetConsole
Provides a telnet console for getting into a Python interpreter inside the
currently running Scrapy process, which can be very useful for debugging.
The telnet console must be enabled by the :setting:`TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED`
setting, and the server will listen in the port specified in
:setting:`TELNETCONSOLE_PORT`.
.. _topics-extensions-ref-memusage:
Memory usage extension
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. module:: scrapy.extensions.memusage
:synopsis: Memory usage extension
.. class:: MemoryUsage
.. note:: This extension does not work in Windows.
Monitors the memory used by the Scrapy process that runs the spider and:
1. sends a :signal:`memusage_warning_reached` signal when it exceeds
:setting:`MEMUSAGE_WARNING_MB`
2. closes the spider with the `"memusage_exceeded"` reason when it exceeds
:setting:`MEMUSAGE_LIMIT_MB`
This extension is enabled by the :setting:`MEMUSAGE_ENABLED` setting and
can be configured with the following settings:
* :setting:`MEMUSAGE_LIMIT_MB`
* :setting:`MEMUSAGE_WARNING_MB`
* :setting:`MEMUSAGE_CHECK_INTERVAL_SECONDS`
Memory debugger extension
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. module:: scrapy.extensions.memdebug
:synopsis: Memory debugger extension
.. class:: MemoryDebugger
An extension for debugging memory usage. It collects information about:
* objects uncollected by the Python garbage collector
* objects left alive that shouldn't. For more info, see :ref:`topics-leaks-trackrefs`
To enable this extension, turn on the :setting:`MEMDEBUG_ENABLED` setting. The
info will be stored in the stats.
.. _topics-extensions-ref-spiderstate:
Spider state extension
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. module:: scrapy.extensions.spiderstate
:synopsis: Spider state extension
.. class:: SpiderState
Manages spider state data by loading it before a crawl and saving it after.
Give a value to the :setting:`JOBDIR` setting to enable this extension.
When enabled, this extension manages the :attr:`~scrapy.Spider.state`
attribute of your :class:`~scrapy.Spider` instance:
- When your spider closes (:signal:`spider_closed`), the contents of its
:attr:`~scrapy.Spider.state` attribute are serialized into a file named
``spider.state`` in the :setting:`JOBDIR` folder.
- When your spider opens (:signal:`spider_opened`), if a previously-generated
``spider.state`` file exists in the :setting:`JOBDIR` folder, it is loaded
into the :attr:`~scrapy.Spider.state` attribute.
For an example, see :ref:`topics-keeping-persistent-state-between-batches`.
Close spider extension
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. module:: scrapy.extensions.closespider
:synopsis: Close spider extension
.. class:: CloseSpider
Closes a spider automatically when some conditions are met, using a specific
closing reason for each condition.
The conditions for closing a spider can be configured through the following
settings:
* :setting:`CLOSESPIDER_TIMEOUT`
* :setting:`CLOSESPIDER_TIMEOUT_NO_ITEM`
* :setting:`CLOSESPIDER_ITEMCOUNT`
* :setting:`CLOSESPIDER_PAGECOUNT`
* :setting:`CLOSESPIDER_PAGECOUNT_NO_ITEM`
* :setting:`CLOSESPIDER_ERRORCOUNT`
.. note::
When a certain closing condition is met, requests which are
currently in the downloader queue (up to :setting:`CONCURRENT_REQUESTS`
requests) are still processed.
.. setting:: CLOSESPIDER_TIMEOUT
CLOSESPIDER_TIMEOUT
"""""""""""""""""""
Default: ``0.0``
If the spider remains open for more than this number of seconds, it will be
automatically closed with the reason ``closespider_timeout``. If zero (or non
set), spiders won't be closed by timeout.
.. setting:: CLOSESPIDER_TIMEOUT_NO_ITEM
CLOSESPIDER_TIMEOUT_NO_ITEM
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""
Default: ``0``
An integer which specifies a number of seconds. If the spider has not produced
any items in the last number of seconds, it will be closed with the reason
``closespider_timeout_no_item``. If zero (or non set), spiders won't be closed
regardless if it hasn't produced any items.
.. setting:: CLOSESPIDER_ITEMCOUNT
CLOSESPIDER_ITEMCOUNT
"""""""""""""""""""""
Default: ``0``
An integer which specifies a number of items. If the spider scrapes more than
that amount and those items are passed by the item pipeline, the
spider will be closed with the reason ``closespider_itemcount``.
If zero (or non set), spiders won't be closed by number of passed items.
.. setting:: CLOSESPIDER_PAGECOUNT
CLOSESPIDER_PAGECOUNT
"""""""""""""""""""""
Default: ``0``
An integer which specifies the maximum number of responses to crawl. If the spider
crawls more than that, the spider will be closed with the reason
``closespider_pagecount``. If zero (or non set), spiders won't be closed by
number of crawled responses.
.. setting:: CLOSESPIDER_PAGECOUNT_NO_ITEM
CLOSESPIDER_PAGECOUNT_NO_ITEM
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
Default: ``0``
An integer which specifies the maximum number of consecutive responses to crawl
without items scraped. If the spider crawls more consecutive responses than that
and no items are scraped in the meantime, the spider will be closed with the
reason ``closespider_pagecount_no_item``. If zero (or not set), spiders won't be
closed by number of crawled responses with no items.
.. setting:: CLOSESPIDER_ERRORCOUNT
CLOSESPIDER_ERRORCOUNT
""""""""""""""""""""""
Default: ``0``
An integer which specifies the maximum number of errors to receive before
closing the spider. If the spider generates more than that number of errors,
it will be closed with the reason ``closespider_errorcount``. If zero (or non
set), spiders won't be closed by number of errors.
.. module:: scrapy.extensions.periodic_log
:synopsis: Periodic stats logging
Periodic log extension
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. class:: PeriodicLog
This extension periodically logs rich stat data as a JSON object::
2023-08-04 02:30:57 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 976 pages (at 162 pages/min), scraped 925 items (at 161 items/min)
2023-08-04 02:30:57 [scrapy.extensions.periodic_log] INFO: {
"delta": {
"downloader/request_bytes": 55582,
"downloader/request_count": 162,
"downloader/request_method_count/GET": 162,
"downloader/response_bytes": 618133,
"downloader/response_count": 162,
"downloader/response_status_count/200": 162,
"item_scraped_count": 161
},
"stats": {
"downloader/request_bytes": 338243,
"downloader/request_count": 992,
"downloader/request_method_count/GET": 992,
"downloader/response_bytes": 3836736,
"downloader/response_count": 976,
"downloader/response_status_count/200": 976,
"item_scraped_count": 925,
"log_count/INFO": 21,
"log_count/WARNING": 1,
"scheduler/dequeued": 992,
"scheduler/dequeued/memory": 992,
"scheduler/enqueued": 1050,
"scheduler/enqueued/memory": 1050
},
"time": {
"elapsed": 360.008903,
"log_interval": 60.0,
"log_interval_real": 60.006694,
"start_time": "2023-08-03 23:24:57",
"utcnow": "2023-08-03 23:30:57"
}
}
This extension logs the following configurable sections:
- ``"delta"`` shows how some numeric stats have changed since the last stats
log message.
The :setting:`PERIODIC_LOG_DELTA` setting determines the target stats. They
must have ``int`` or ``float`` values.
- ``"stats"`` shows the current value of some stats.
The :setting:`PERIODIC_LOG_STATS` setting determines the target stats.
- ``"time"`` shows detailed timing data.
The :setting:`PERIODIC_LOG_TIMING_ENABLED` setting determines whether or
not to show this section.
This extension logs data at the start, then on a fixed time interval
configurable through the :setting:`LOGSTATS_INTERVAL` setting, and finally
right before the crawl ends.
Example extension configuration:
.. code-block:: python
custom_settings = {
"LOG_LEVEL": "INFO",
"PERIODIC_LOG_STATS": {
"include": ["downloader/", "scheduler/", "log_count/", "item_scraped_count"],
},
"PERIODIC_LOG_DELTA": {"include": ["downloader/"]},
"PERIODIC_LOG_TIMING_ENABLED": True,
"EXTENSIONS": {
"scrapy.extensions.periodic_log.PeriodicLog": 0,
},
}
.. setting:: PERIODIC_LOG_DELTA
PERIODIC_LOG_DELTA
""""""""""""""""""
Default: ``None``
* ``"PERIODIC_LOG_DELTA": True`` - show deltas for all ``int`` and ``float`` stat values.
* ``"PERIODIC_LOG_DELTA": {"include": ["downloader/", "scheduler/"]}`` - show deltas for stats with names containing any configured substring.
* ``"PERIODIC_LOG_DELTA": {"exclude": ["downloader/"]}`` - show deltas for all stats with names not containing any configured substring.
.. setting:: PERIODIC_LOG_STATS
PERIODIC_LOG_STATS
""""""""""""""""""
Default: ``None``
* ``"PERIODIC_LOG_STATS": True`` - show the current value of all stats.
* ``"PERIODIC_LOG_STATS": {"include": ["downloader/", "scheduler/"]}`` - show current values for stats with names containing any configured substring.
* ``"PERIODIC_LOG_STATS": {"exclude": ["downloader/"]}`` - show current values for all stats with names not containing any configured substring.
.. setting:: PERIODIC_LOG_TIMING_ENABLED
PERIODIC_LOG_TIMING_ENABLED
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""
Default: ``False``
``True`` enables logging of timing data (i.e. the ``"time"`` section).
Debugging extensions
--------------------
.. module:: scrapy.extensions.debug
:synopsis: Extensions for debugging Scrapy
Stack trace dump extension
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. class:: StackTraceDump
Dumps information about the running process when a `SIGQUIT`_ or `SIGUSR2`_
signal is received. The information dumped is the following:
1. engine status (using ``scrapy.utils.engine.get_engine_status()``)
2. live references (see :ref:`topics-leaks-trackrefs`)
3. stack trace of all threads
After the stack trace and engine status is dumped, the Scrapy process continues
running normally.
This extension only works on POSIX-compliant platforms (i.e. not Windows),
because the `SIGQUIT`_ and `SIGUSR2`_ signals are not available on Windows.
There are at least two ways to send Scrapy the `SIGQUIT`_ signal:
1. By pressing Ctrl-\ while a Scrapy process is running (Linux only?)
2. By running this command (assuming ``<pid>`` is the process id of the Scrapy
process)::
kill -QUIT <pid>
.. _SIGUSR2: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIGUSR1_and_SIGUSR2
.. _SIGQUIT: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIGQUIT
Debugger extension
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.. class:: Debugger
Invokes a :doc:`Python debugger <library/pdb>` inside a running Scrapy process when a `SIGUSR2`_
signal is received. After the debugger is exited, the Scrapy process continues
running normally.
This extension only works on POSIX-compliant platforms (i.e. not Windows).
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