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Settings

The Scrapy settings allows you to customize the behaviour of all Scrapy components, including the core, extensions, pipelines and spiders themselves.

The infrastructure of the settings provides a global namespace of key-value mappings that the code can use to pull configuration values from. The settings can be populated through different mechanisms, which are described below.

The settings are also the mechanism for selecting the currently active Scrapy project (in case you have many).

For a list of available built-in settings see: :ref:`topics-settings-ref`.

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Designating the settings

When you use Scrapy, you have to tell it which settings you're using. You can do this by using an environment variable, SCRAPY_SETTINGS_MODULE.

The value of SCRAPY_SETTINGS_MODULE should be in Python path syntax, e.g. myproject.settings. Note that the settings module should be on the Python import search path.

Populating the settings

Settings can be populated using different mechanisms, each of which having a different precedence. Here is the list of them in decreasing order of precedence:

Global overrides (most precedence)

Project settings module

Default settings per-command

Default global settings (less precedence)

These mechanisms are described in more detail below.

1. Global overrides

Global overrides are the ones that take most precedence, and are usually populated by command-line options. You can also override one (or more) settings from command line using the -s (or --set) command line option.

For more information see the :attr:`~scrapy.settings.Settings.overrides` Settings attribute.

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.. highlight:: sh

Example:

scrapy crawl domain.com -s LOG_FILE=scrapy.log

2. Project settings module

The project settings module is the standard configuration file for your Scrapy project. It's where most of your custom settings will be populated. For example:: myproject.settings.

3. Default settings per-command

Each :doc:`Scrapy tool </topics/commands>` command can have its own default settings, which override the global default settings. Those custom command settings are specified in the default_settings attribute of the command class.

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4. Default global settings

The global defaults are located in the scrapy.settings.default_settings module and documented in the :ref:`topics-settings-ref` section.

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How to access settings

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.. highlight:: python

Settings can be accessed through the :attr:`scrapy.crawler.Crawler.settings` attribute of the Crawler that is passed to from_crawler method in extensions and middlewares:

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class MyExtension(object):

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        settings = crawler.settings
        if settings['LOG_ENABLED']:
            print "log is enabled!"

In other words, settings can be accesed like a dict, but it's usually preferred to extract the setting in the format you need it to avoid type errors. In order to do that you'll have to use one of the methods provided the :class:`~scrapy.settings.Settings` API.

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Rationale for setting names

Setting names are usually prefixed with the component that they configure. For example, proper setting names for a fictional robots.txt extension would be ROBOTSTXT_ENABLED, ROBOTSTXT_OBEY, ROBOTSTXT_CACHEDIR, etc.

Built-in settings reference

Here's a list of all available Scrapy settings, in alphabetical order, along with their default values and the scope where they apply.

The scope, where available, shows where the setting is being used, if it's tied to any particular component. In that case the module of that component will be shown, typically an extension, middleware or pipeline. It also means that the component must be enabled in order for the setting to have any effect.

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.. setting:: AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID

AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID

Default: None

The AWS access key used by code that requires access to Amazon Web services, such as the :ref:`S3 feed storage backend <topics-feed-storage-s3>`.

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.. setting:: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY

AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY

Default: None

The AWS secret key used by code that requires access to Amazon Web services, such as the :ref:`S3 feed storage backend <topics-feed-storage-s3>`.

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.. setting:: BOT_NAME

BOT_NAME

Default: 'scrapybot'

The name of the bot implemented by this Scrapy project (also known as the project name). This will be used to construct the User-Agent by default, and also for logging.

It's automatically populated with your project name when you create your project with the :command:`startproject` command.

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.. setting:: CONCURRENT_ITEMS

CONCURRENT_ITEMS

Default: 100

Maximum number of concurrent items (per response) to process in parallel in the Item Processor (also known as the :ref:`Item Pipeline <topics-item-pipeline>`).

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.. setting:: CONCURRENT_REQUESTS

CONCURRENT_REQUESTS

Default: 16

The maximum number of concurrent (ie. simultaneous) requests that will be performed by the Scrapy downloader.

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.. setting:: CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN

CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN

Default: 8

The maximum number of concurrent (ie. simultaneous) requests that will be performed to any single domain.

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.. setting:: CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP

CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP

Default: 0

The maximum number of concurrent (ie. simultaneous) requests that will be performed to any single IP. If non-zero, the :setting:`CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN` setting is ignored, and this one is used instead. In other words, concurrency limits will be applied per IP, not per domain.

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.. setting:: DEFAULT_ITEM_CLASS

DEFAULT_ITEM_CLASS

Default: 'scrapy.item.Item'

The default class that will be used for instantiating items in the :ref:`the Scrapy shell <topics-shell>`.

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.. setting:: DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS

DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS

Default:

{
    'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
    'Accept-Language': 'en',
}

The default headers used for Scrapy HTTP Requests. They're populated in the :class:`~scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware`.

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.. setting:: DEPTH_LIMIT

DEPTH_LIMIT

Default: 0

The maximum depth that will be allowed to crawl for any site. If zero, no limit will be imposed.

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.. setting:: DEPTH_PRIORITY

DEPTH_PRIORITY

Default: 0

An integer that is used to adjust the request priority based on its depth.

If zero, no priority adjustment is made from depth.

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.. setting:: DEPTH_STATS

DEPTH_STATS

Default: True

Whether to collect maximum depth stats.

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.. setting:: DEPTH_STATS_VERBOSE

DEPTH_STATS_VERBOSE

Default: False

Whether to collect verbose depth stats. If this is enabled, the number of requests for each depth is collected in the stats.

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.. setting:: DNSCACHE_ENABLED

DNSCACHE_ENABLED

Default: True

Whether to enable DNS in-memory cache.

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.. setting:: DOWNLOADER_DEBUG

DOWNLOADER_DEBUG

Default: False

Whether to enable the Downloader debugging mode.

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.. setting:: DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES

Default:: {}

A dict containing the downloader middlewares enabled in your project, and their orders. For more info see :ref:`topics-downloader-middleware-setting`.

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.. setting:: DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE

Default:

{
    'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.robotstxt.RobotsTxtMiddleware': 100,
    'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware': 300,
    'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware': 350,
    'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware': 400,
    'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.retry.RetryMiddleware': 500,
    'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware': 550,
    'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.redirect.RedirectMiddleware': 600,
    'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.cookies.CookiesMiddleware': 700,
    'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware': 750,
    'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware': 800,
    'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.chunked.ChunkedTransferMiddleware': 830,
    'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.stats.DownloaderStats': 850,
    'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpcache.HttpCacheMiddleware': 900,
}

A dict containing the downloader middlewares enabled by default in Scrapy. You should never modify this setting in your project, modify :setting:`DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES` instead. For more info see :ref:`topics-downloader-middleware-setting`.

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.. setting:: DOWNLOADER_STATS

DOWNLOADER_STATS

Default: True

Whether to enable downloader stats collection.

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.. setting:: DOWNLOAD_DELAY

DOWNLOAD_DELAY

Default: 0

The amount of time (in secs) that the downloader should wait before downloading consecutive pages from the same spider. This can be used to throttle the crawling speed to avoid hitting servers too hard. Decimal numbers are supported. Example:

DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 0.25    # 250 ms of delay

This setting is also affected by the :setting:`RANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY` setting (which is enabled by default). By default, Scrapy doesn't wait a fixed amount of time between requests, but uses a random interval between 0.5 and 1.5 * :setting:`DOWNLOAD_DELAY`.

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You can also change this setting per spider.

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.. setting:: DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS

DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS

Default: {}

A dict containing the request downloader handlers enabled in your project. See DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS_BASE for example format.

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.. setting:: DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS_BASE

DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS_BASE

Default:

{
    'file': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.file.FileDownloadHandler',
    'http': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.http.HttpDownloadHandler',
    'https': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.http.HttpDownloadHandler',
    's3': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.s3.S3DownloadHandler',
}

A dict containing the request download handlers enabled by default in Scrapy. You should never modify this setting in your project, modify :setting:`DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS` instead.

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.. setting:: DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT

DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT

Default: 180

The amount of time (in secs) that the downloader will wait before timing out.

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.. setting:: DUPEFILTER_CLASS

DUPEFILTER_CLASS

Default: 'scrapy.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter'

The class used to detect and filter duplicate requests.

The default (RFPDupeFilter) filters based on request fingerprint using the scrapy.utils.request.request_fingerprint function.

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.. setting:: jDITOR

EDITOR

Default: depends on the environment

The editor to use for editing spiders with the :command:`edit` command. It defaults to the EDITOR environment variable, if set. Otherwise, it defaults to vi (on Unix systems) or the IDLE editor (on Windows).

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.. setting:: EXTENSIONS

EXTENSIONS

Default:: {}

A dict containing the extensions enabled in your project, and their orders.

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.. setting:: EXTENSIONS_BASE

EXTENSIONS_BASE

Default:

{
    'scrapy.contrib.corestats.CoreStats': 0,
    'scrapy.webservice.WebService': 0,
    'scrapy.telnet.TelnetConsole': 0,
    'scrapy.contrib.memusage.MemoryUsage': 0,
    'scrapy.contrib.memdebug.MemoryDebugger': 0,
    'scrapy.contrib.closespider.CloseSpider': 0,
    'scrapy.contrib.feedexport.FeedExporter': 0,
    'scrapy.contrib.logstats.LogStats': 0,
    'scrapy.contrib.spiderstate.SpiderState': 0,
    'scrapy.contrib.throttle.AutoThrottle': 0,
}

The list of available extensions. Keep in mind that some of them need to be enabled through a setting. By default, this setting contains all stable built-in extensions.

For more information See the :ref:`extensions user guide <topics-extensions>` and the :ref:`list of available extensions <topics-extensions-ref>`.

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.. setting:: ITEM_PIPELINES

ITEM_PIPELINES

Default: []

The item pipelines to use (a list of classes).

Example:

ITEM_PIPELINES = [
    'mybot.pipeline.validate.ValidateMyItem',
    'mybot.pipeline.validate.StoreMyItem'
]

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.. setting:: LOG_ENABLED

LOG_ENABLED

Default: True

Whether to enable logging.

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.. setting:: LOG_ENCODING

LOG_ENCODING

Default: 'utf-8'

The encoding to use for logging.

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.. setting:: LOG_FILE

LOG_FILE

Default: None

File name to use for logging output. If None, standard error will be used.

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.. setting:: LOG_LEVEL

LOG_LEVEL

Default: 'DEBUG'

Minimum level to log. Available levels are: CRITICAL, ERROR, WARNING, INFO, DEBUG. For more info see :ref:`topics-logging`.

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.. setting:: LOG_STDOUT

LOG_STDOUT

Default: False

If True, all standard output (and error) of your process will be redirected to the log. For example if you print 'hello' it will appear in the Scrapy log.

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.. setting:: MEMDEBUG_ENABLED

MEMDEBUG_ENABLED

Default: False

Whether to enable memory debugging.

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.. setting:: MEMDEBUG_NOTIFY

MEMDEBUG_NOTIFY

Default: []

When memory debugging is enabled a memory report will be sent to the specified addresses if this setting is not empty, otherwise the report will be written to the log.

Example:

MEMDEBUG_NOTIFY = ['user@example.com']

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.. setting:: MEMUSAGE_ENABLED

MEMUSAGE_ENABLED

Default: False

Scope: scrapy.contrib.memusage

Whether to enable the memory usage extension that will shutdown the Scrapy process when it exceeds a memory limit, and also notify by email when that happened.

See :ref:`topics-extensions-ref-memusage`.

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.. setting:: MEMUSAGE_LIMIT_MB

MEMUSAGE_LIMIT_MB

Default: 0

Scope: scrapy.contrib.memusage

The maximum amount of memory to allow (in megabytes) before shutting down Scrapy (if MEMUSAGE_ENABLED is True). If zero, no check will be performed.

See :ref:`topics-extensions-ref-memusage`.

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.. setting:: MEMUSAGE_NOTIFY_MAIL

MEMUSAGE_NOTIFY_MAIL

Default: False

Scope: scrapy.contrib.memusage

A list of emails to notify if the memory limit has been reached.

Example:

MEMUSAGE_NOTIFY_MAIL = ['user@example.com']

See :ref:`topics-extensions-ref-memusage`.

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.. setting:: MEMUSAGE_REPORT

MEMUSAGE_REPORT

Default: False

Scope: scrapy.contrib.memusage

Whether to send a memory usage report after each spider has been closed.

See :ref:`topics-extensions-ref-memusage`.

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.. setting:: MEMUSAGE_WARNING_MB

MEMUSAGE_WARNING_MB

Default: 0

Scope: scrapy.contrib.memusage

The maximum amount of memory to allow (in megabytes) before sending a warning email notifying about it. If zero, no warning will be produced.

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.. setting:: NEWSPIDER_MODULE

NEWSPIDER_MODULE

Default: ''

Module where to create new spiders using the :command:`genspider` command.

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Example:

NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'mybot.spiders_dev'

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.. setting:: RANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY

RANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY

Default: True

If enabled, Scrapy will wait a random amount of time (between 0.5 and 1.5 * :setting:`DOWNLOAD_DELAY`) while fetching requests from the same spider.

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This randomization decreases the chance of the crawler being detected (and subsequently blocked) by sites which analyze requests looking for statistically significant similarities in the time between their requests.

The randomization policy is the same used by wget --random-wait option.

If :setting:`DOWNLOAD_DELAY` is zero (default) this option has no effect.

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.. setting:: REDIRECT_MAX_TIMES

REDIRECT_MAX_TIMES

Default: 20

Defines the maximun times a request can be redirected. After this maximun the request's response is returned as is. We used Firefox default value for the same task.

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.. setting:: REDIRECT_MAX_METAREFRESH_DELAY

REDIRECT_MAX_METAREFRESH_DELAY

Default: 100

Some sites use meta-refresh for redirecting to a session expired page, so we restrict automatic redirection to a maximum delay (in seconds)

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.. setting:: REDIRECT_PRIORITY_ADJUST

REDIRECT_PRIORITY_ADJUST

Default: +2

Adjust redirect request priority relative to original request. A negative priority adjust means more priority.

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.. setting:: ROBOTSTXT_OBEY

ROBOTSTXT_OBEY

Default: False

Scope: scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.robotstxt

If enabled, Scrapy will respect robots.txt policies. For more information see :ref:`topics-dlmw-robots`

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.. setting:: SCHEDULER

SCHEDULER

Default: 'scrapy.core.scheduler.Scheduler'

The scheduler to use for crawling.

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.. setting:: SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES

SPIDER_CONTRACTS

Default:: {}

A dict containing the scrapy contracts enabled in your project, used for testing spiders. For more info see :ref:`topics-contracts`.

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SPIDER_CONTRACTS_BASE

Default:

{
    'scrapy.contracts.default.UrlContract' : 1,
    'scrapy.contracts.default.ReturnsContract': 2,
    'scrapy.contracts.default.ScrapesContract': 3,
}

A dict containing the scrapy contracts enabled by default in Scrapy. You should never modify this setting in your project, modify :setting:`SPIDER_CONTRACTS` instead. For more info see :ref:`topics-contracts`.

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SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES

Default:: {}

A dict containing the spider middlewares enabled in your project, and their orders. For more info see :ref:`topics-spider-middleware-setting`.

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.. setting:: SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE

SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE

Default:

{
    'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware': 50,
    'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware': 500,
    'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.referer.RefererMiddleware': 700,
    'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware': 800,
    'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.depth.DepthMiddleware': 900,
}

A dict containing the spider middlewares enabled by default in Scrapy. You should never modify this setting in your project, modify :setting:`SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES` instead. For more info see :ref:`topics-spider-middleware-setting`.

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.. setting:: SPIDER_MODULES

SPIDER_MODULES

Default: []

A list of modules where Scrapy will look for spiders.

Example:

SPIDER_MODULES = ['mybot.spiders_prod', 'mybot.spiders_dev']

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.. setting:: STATS_CLASS

STATS_CLASS

Default: 'scrapy.statscol.MemoryStatsCollector'

The class to use for collecting stats, who must implement the :ref:`topics-api-stats`.

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.. setting:: STATS_DUMP

STATS_DUMP

Default: True

Dump (to the Scrapy log) the :ref:`Scrapy stats <topics-stats>` collected during the crawl. The spider-specific stats are logged when the spider is closed, while the global stats are dumped when the Scrapy process finishes.

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For more info see: :ref:`topics-stats`.

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.. setting:: STATSMAILER_RCPTS

STATSMAILER_RCPTS

Default: [] (empty list)

Send Scrapy stats after spiders finish scraping. See :class:`~scrapy.contrib.statsmailer.StatsMailer` for more info.

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.. setting:: TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED

TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED

Default: True

A boolean which specifies if the :ref:`telnet console <topics-telnetconsole>` will be enabled (provided its extension is also enabled).

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.. setting:: TELNETCONSOLE_PORT

TELNETCONSOLE_PORT

Default: [6023, 6073]

The port range to use for the telnet console. If set to None or 0, a dynamically assigned port is used. For more info see :ref:`topics-telnetconsole`.

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.. setting:: TEMPLATES_DIR

TEMPLATES_DIR

Default: templates dir inside scrapy module

The directory where to look for templates when creating new projects with :command:`startproject` command.

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.. setting:: URLLENGTH_LIMIT

URLLENGTH_LIMIT

Default: 2083

Scope: contrib.spidermiddleware.urllength

The maximum URL length to allow for crawled URLs. For more information about the default value for this setting see: http://www.boutell.com/newfaq/misc/urllength.html

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.. setting:: USER_AGENT

USER_AGENT

Default: "Scrapy/VERSION (+http://scrapy.org)"

The default User-Agent to use when crawling, unless overridden.

</html>

21 KiB Raw Blame History

Settings

Designating the settings

Populating the settings

1. Global overrides

2. Project settings module

3. Default settings per-command

4. Default global settings

How to access settings

Rationale for setting names

Built-in settings reference

AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID

AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY

BOT_NAME

CONCURRENT_ITEMS

CONCURRENT_REQUESTS

CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN

CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP

DEFAULT_ITEM_CLASS

DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS

DEPTH_LIMIT

DEPTH_PRIORITY

DEPTH_STATS

DEPTH_STATS_VERBOSE

DNSCACHE_ENABLED

DOWNLOADER_DEBUG

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE

DOWNLOADER_STATS

DOWNLOAD_DELAY

DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS

DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS_BASE

DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT

DUPEFILTER_CLASS

EDITOR

EXTENSIONS

EXTENSIONS_BASE

ITEM_PIPELINES

LOG_ENABLED

LOG_ENCODING

LOG_FILE

LOG_LEVEL

LOG_STDOUT

MEMDEBUG_ENABLED

MEMDEBUG_NOTIFY

MEMUSAGE_ENABLED

MEMUSAGE_LIMIT_MB

MEMUSAGE_NOTIFY_MAIL

MEMUSAGE_REPORT

MEMUSAGE_WARNING_MB

NEWSPIDER_MODULE

RANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY

REDIRECT_MAX_TIMES

REDIRECT_MAX_METAREFRESH_DELAY

REDIRECT_PRIORITY_ADJUST

ROBOTSTXT_OBEY

SCHEDULER

SPIDER_CONTRACTS

SPIDER_CONTRACTS_BASE

SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES

SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE

SPIDER_MODULES

STATS_CLASS

STATS_DUMP

STATSMAILER_RCPTS

TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED

TELNETCONSOLE_PORT

TEMPLATES_DIR

URLLENGTH_LIMIT

USER_AGENT

21 KiB

Raw Blame History