25 KiB
Settings
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.. module:: scrapy.conf :synopsis: Settings manager
The Scrapy settings allows you to customize the behaviour of all Scrapy components, including the core, extensions, pipelines and spiders themselves.
The infrastructure of setting provides a global namespace of key-value mappings that the code can use to pull configuration values from. The settings can be populated through different mechanisms, which are described below.
The settings is also the mechanism for selecting the currently active Scrapy project (in case you have many).
For a list of available built-in settings see: :ref:`topics-settings-ref`.
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Unknown interpreted text role "ref".Designating the settings
When you use Scrapy, you have to tell it which settings you're using. You can do this by using an environment variable, SCRAPY_SETTINGS_MODULE, or the --settings argument of the :doc:`scrapy command </topics/cmdline>`.
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Unknown interpreted text role "doc".The value of SCRAPY_SETTINGS_MODULE should be in Python path syntax, e.g. myproject.settings. Note that the settings module should be on the Python import search path.
Populating the settings
Settings can be populated using different mechanisms, each of which having a different precedence. Here is the list of them in decreasing order of precedence:
- Global overrides (most precedence)
- Environment variables
- scrapy_settings
- Default settings per-command
- Default global settings (less precedence)
This mechanisms are described with more detail below.
1. Global overrides
Global overrides are the ones that takes most precedence, and are usually populated by command line options.
- Example::
>>> from scrapy.conf import settings >>> settings.overrides['LOG_ENABLED'] = True
You can also override one (or more) settings from command line using the --set command line argument.
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.. highlight:: sh
Example:
scrapy crawl domain.com --set LOG_FILE=scrapy.log
2. Environment variables
You can populate settings using environment variables prefixed with SCRAPY_. For example, to change the log file location un Unix systems:
$ export SCRAPY_LOG_FILE=scrapy.log $ scrapy crawl example.com
In Windows systems, you can change the environment variables from the Control Panel following these guidelines.
3. scrapy_settings
scrapy_settings is the standard configuration file for your Scrapy project. It's where most of your custom settings will be populated.
4. Default settings per-command
Each :doc:`/topics/cmdline` command can have its own default settings, which override the global default settings. Those custom command settings are specified in the default_settings attribute of the command class.
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Unknown interpreted text role "doc".5. Default global settings
The global defaults are located in scrapy.conf.default_settings and documented in the :ref:`topics-settings-ref` section.
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.. highlight:: python
Here's an example of the simplest way to access settings from Python code:
>>> from scrapy.conf import settings >>> print settings['LOG_ENABLED'] True
In other words, settings can be accesed like a dict, but it's usually preferred to extract the setting in the format you need it to avoid type errors. In order to do that you'll have to use one of the following methods:
The Settings object is automatically instantiated when the :mod:`scrapy.conf` module is loaded, and it's usually accessed like this:
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.. method:: Settings.get(name, default=None) Get a setting value without affecting its original type. ``name`` is a string with the setting name ``default`` is the value to return if no setting is found
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.. method:: Settings.getbool(name, default=False) Get a setting value as a boolean. For example, both ``1`` and ``'1'``, and ``True`` return ``True``, while ``0``, ``'0'``, ``False`` and ``None`` return ``False```` For example, settings populated through environment variables set to ``'0'`` will return ``False`` when using this method. ``name`` is a string with the setting name ``default`` is the value to return if no setting is found
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.. method:: Settings.getint(name, default=0) Get a setting value as an int ``name`` is a string with the setting name ``default`` is the value to return if no setting is found
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.. method:: Settings.getfloat(name, default=0.0) Get a setting value as a float ``name`` is a string with the setting name ``default`` is the value to return if no setting is found
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.. method:: Settings.getlist(name, default=None) Get a setting value as a list. If the setting original type is a list it will be returned verbatim. If it's a string it will be splitted by ",". For example, settings populated through environment variables set to ``'one,two'`` will return a list ['one', 'two'] when using this method. ``name`` is a string with the setting name ``default`` is the value to return if no setting is found
Rationale for setting names
Setting names are usually prefixed with the component that they configure. For example, proper setting names for a fictional robots.txt extension would be ROBOTSTXT_ENABLED, ROBOTSTXT_OBEY, ROBOTSTXT_CACHEDIR, etc.
Built-in settings reference
Here's a list of all available Scrapy settings, in alphabetical order, along with their default values and the scope where they apply.
The scope, where available, shows where the setting is being used, if it's tied to any particular component. In that case the module of that component will be shown, typically an extension, middleware or pipeline. It also means that the component must be enabled in order for the setting to have any effect.
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.. setting:: AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
Default: None
The AWS access key used by code that requires access to Amazon Web services, such as the :ref:`S3 feed storage backend <topics-feed-storage-s3>`.
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.. setting:: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
Default: None
The AWS secret key used by code that requires access to Amazon Web services, such as the :ref:`S3 feed storage backend <topics-feed-storage-s3>`.
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.. setting:: BOT_NAME
BOT_NAME
Default: 'scrapybot'
The name of the bot implemented by this Scrapy project (also known as the project name). This will be used to construct the User-Agent by default, and also for logging.
It's automatically populated with your project name when you create your project with the :doc:`scrapy </topics/cmdline>` startproject command.
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.. setting:: BOT_VERSION
BOT_VERSION
Default: 1.0
The version of the bot implemented by this Scrapy project. This will be used to construct the User-Agent by default.
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.. setting:: COMMANDS_MODULE
COMMANDS_MODULE
Default: '' (empty string)
A module to use for looking for custom Scrapy commands. This is used to add custom command for your Scrapy project.
Example:
COMMANDS_MODULE = 'mybot.commands'
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.. setting:: CONCURRENT_ITEMS
CONCURRENT_ITEMS
Default: 100
Maximum number of concurrent items (per response) to process in parallel in the Item Processor (also known as the :ref:`Item Pipeline <topics-item-pipeline>`).
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.. setting:: CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_SPIDER
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_SPIDER
Default: 8
Specifies how many concurrent (ie. simultaneous) requests will be performed per open spider.
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.. setting:: CONCURRENT_SPIDERS
CONCURRENT_SPIDERS
Default: 8
Maximum number of spiders to scrape in parallel.
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.. setting:: COOKIES_DEBUG
DEFAULT_ITEM_CLASS
Default: 'scrapy.item.Item'
The default class that will be used for instantiating items in the :ref:`the Scrapy shell <topics-shell>`.
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.. setting:: DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS
Default:
{
'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
'Accept-Language': 'en',
}
The default headers used for Scrapy HTTP Requests. They're populated in the :class:`~scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware`.
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.. setting:: DEFAULT_RESPONSE_ENCODING
DEFAULT_RESPONSE_ENCODING
Default: 'ascii'
The default encoding to use for :class:`~scrapy.http.TextResponse` objects (and subclasses) when no encoding is declared and no encoding could be inferred from the body.
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.. setting:: DEPTH_LIMIT
DEPTH_LIMIT
Default: 0
The maximum depth that will be allowed to crawl for any site. If zero, no limit will be imposed.
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.. setting:: DEPTH_STATS
DEPTH_STATS
Default: True
Whether to collect depth stats.
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.. setting:: DOWNLOADER_DEBUG
DOWNLOADER_DEBUG
Default: False
Whether to enable the Downloader debugging mode.
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.. setting:: DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES
Default:: {}
A dict containing the downloader middlewares enabled in your project, and their orders. For more info see :ref:`topics-downloader-middleware-setting`.
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.. setting:: DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE
Default:
{
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.robotstxt.RobotsTxtMiddleware': 100,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware': 300,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware': 400,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.retry.RetryMiddleware': 500,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware': 550,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.redirect.RedirectMiddleware': 600,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.cookies.CookiesMiddleware': 700,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware': 750,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware': 800,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.stats.DownloaderStats': 850,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpcache.HttpCacheMiddleware': 900,
}
A dict containing the downloader middlewares enabled by default in Scrapy. You should never modify this setting in your project, modify :setting:`DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES` instead. For more info see :ref:`topics-downloader-middleware-setting`.
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.. setting:: DOWNLOADER_STATS
DOWNLOADER_STATS
Default: True
Whether to enable downloader stats collection.
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.. setting:: DOWNLOAD_DELAY
DOWNLOAD_DELAY
Default: 0
The amount of time (in secs) that the downloader should wait before downloading consecutive pages from the same spider. This can be used to throttle the crawling speed to avoid hitting servers too hard. Decimal numbers are supported. Example:
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 0.25 # 250 ms of delay
This setting is also affected by the :setting:`RANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY` setting (which is enabled by default). By default, Scrapy doesn't wait a fixed amount of time between requests, but uses a random interval between 0.5 and 1.5 * :setting:`DOWNLOAD_DELAY`.
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Unknown interpreted text role "setting".Another way to change the download delay (per spider, instead of globally) is by using the download_delay spider attribute, which takes more precedence than this setting.
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.. setting:: DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT
DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT
Default: 180
The amount of time (in secs) that the downloader will wait before timing out.
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.. setting:: DUPEFILTER_CLASS
DUPEFILTER_CLASS
Default: 'scrapy.contrib.dupefilter.RequestFingerprintDupeFilter'
The class used to detect and filter duplicate requests.
The default (RequestFingerprintDupeFilter) filters based on request fingerprint (using scrapy.utils.request.request_fingerprint) and grouping per domain.
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.. setting:: ENCODING_ALIASES
ENCODING_ALIASES
Default: {}
A mapping of custom encoding aliases for your project, where the keys are the aliases (and must be lower case) and the values are the encodings they map to.
This setting extends the :setting:`ENCODING_ALIASES_BASE` setting which contains some default mappings.
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.. setting:: ENCODING_ALIASES_BASE
ENCODING_ALIASES_BASE
Default:
{
# gb2312 is superseded by gb18030
'gb2312': 'gb18030',
'chinese': 'gb18030',
'csiso58gb231280': 'gb18030',
'euc- cn': 'gb18030',
'euccn': 'gb18030',
'eucgb2312-cn': 'gb18030',
'gb2312-1980': 'gb18030',
'gb2312-80': 'gb18030',
'iso- ir-58': 'gb18030',
# gbk is superseded by gb18030
'gbk': 'gb18030',
'936': 'gb18030',
'cp936': 'gb18030',
'ms936': 'gb18030',
# latin_1 is a subset of cp1252
'latin_1': 'cp1252',
'iso-8859-1': 'cp1252',
'iso8859-1': 'cp1252',
'8859': 'cp1252',
'cp819': 'cp1252',
'latin': 'cp1252',
'latin1': 'cp1252',
'l1': 'cp1252',
# others
'zh-cn': 'gb18030',
'win-1251': 'cp1251',
'macintosh' : 'mac_roman',
'x-sjis': 'shift_jis',
}
The default encoding aliases defined in Scrapy. Don't override this setting in your project, override :setting:`ENCODING_ALIASES` instead.
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.. setting:: EXTENSIONS
EXTENSIONS
Default:: {}
A dict containing the extensions enabled in your project, and their orders.
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.. setting:: EXTENSIONS_BASE
EXTENSIONS_BASE
Default:
{
'scrapy.contrib.corestats.CoreStats': 0,
'scrapy.webservice.WebService': 0,
'scrapy.telnet.TelnetConsole': 0,
'scrapy.contrib.memusage.MemoryUsage': 0,
'scrapy.contrib.memdebug.MemoryDebugger': 0,
'scrapy.contrib.closedomain.CloseDomain': 0,
}
The list of available extensions. Keep in mind that some of them need need to be enabled through a setting. By default, this setting contains all stable built-in extensions.
For more information See the :ref:`extensions user guide <topics-extensions>` and the :ref:`list of available extensions <topics-extensions-ref>`.
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.. setting:: GROUPSETTINGS_ENABLED
GROUPSETTINGS_ENABLED
Default: False
Whether to enable group settings where spiders pull their settings from.
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.. setting:: GROUPSETTINGS_MODULE
GROUPSETTINGS_MODULE
Default: '' (empty string)
The module to use for pulling settings from, if the group settings is enabled.
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.. setting:: ITEM_PIPELINES
ITEM_PIPELINES
Default: []
The item pipelines to use (a list of classes).
Example:
ITEM_PIPELINES = [
'mybot.pipeline.validate.ValidateMyItem',
'mybot.pipeline.validate.StoreMyItem'
]
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.. setting:: LOG_ENABLED
LOG_ENABLED
Default: True
Whether to enable logging.
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.. setting:: LOG_ENCODING
LOG_ENCODING
Default: 'utf-8'
The encoding to use for logging.
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.. setting:: LOG_FILE
LOG_FILE
Default: None
File name to use for logging output. If None, standard error will be used.
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.. setting:: LOG_LEVEL
LOG_LEVEL
Default: 'DEBUG'
Minimum level to log. Available levels are: CRITICAL, ERROR, WARNING, INFO, DEBUG. For more info see :ref:`topics-logging`.
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.. setting:: LOG_STDOUT
LOG_STDOUT
Default: False
If True, all standard output (and error) of your process will be redirected to the log. For example if you print 'hello' it will appear in the Scrapy log.
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.. setting:: MEMDEBUG_ENABLED
MEMDEBUG_ENABLED
Default: False
Whether to enable memory debugging.
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.. setting:: MEMDEBUG_NOTIFY
MEMDEBUG_NOTIFY
Default: []
When memory debugging is enabled a memory report will be sent to the specified addresses if this setting is not empty, otherwise the report will be written to the log.
Example:
MEMDEBUG_NOTIFY = ['user@example.com']
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.. setting:: MEMUSAGE_ENABLED
MEMUSAGE_ENABLED
Default: False
Scope: scrapy.contrib.memusage
Whether to enable the memory usage extension that will shutdown the Scrapy process when it exceeds a memory limit, and also notify by email when that happened.
See :ref:`topics-extensions-ref-memusage`.
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.. setting:: MEMUSAGE_LIMIT_MB
MEMUSAGE_LIMIT_MB
Default: 0
Scope: scrapy.contrib.memusage
The maximum amount of memory to allow (in megabytes) before shutting down Scrapy (if MEMUSAGE_ENABLED is True). If zero, no check will be performed.
See :ref:`topics-extensions-ref-memusage`.
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.. setting:: MEMUSAGE_NOTIFY_MAIL
MEMUSAGE_NOTIFY_MAIL
Default: False
Scope: scrapy.contrib.memusage
A list of emails to notify if the memory limit has been reached.
Example:
MEMUSAGE_NOTIFY_MAIL = ['user@example.com']
See :ref:`topics-extensions-ref-memusage`.
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.. setting:: MEMUSAGE_REPORT
MEMUSAGE_REPORT
Default: False
Scope: scrapy.contrib.memusage
Whether to send a memory usage report after each domain has been closed.
See :ref:`topics-extensions-ref-memusage`.
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.. setting:: MEMUSAGE_WARNING_MB
MEMUSAGE_WARNING_MB
Default: 0
Scope: scrapy.contrib.memusage
The maximum amount of memory to allow (in megabytes) before sending a warning email notifying about it. If zero, no warning will be produced.
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.. setting:: NEWSPIDER_MODULE
NEWSPIDER_MODULE
Default: ''
Module where to create new spiders using the genspider command.
Example:
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'mybot.spiders_dev'
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.. setting:: RANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY
RANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY
Default: True
If enabled, Scrapy will wait a random amount of time (between 0.5 and 1.5 * :setting:`DOWNLOAD_DELAY`) while fetching requests from the same spider.
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The randomization policy is the same used by wget --random-wait option.
If :setting:`DOWNLOAD_DELAY` is zero (default) this option has no effect.
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.. setting:: REDIRECT_MAX_TIMES
REDIRECT_MAX_TIMES
Default: 20
Defines the maximun times a request can be redirected. After this maximun the request's response is returned as is. We used Firefox default value for the same task.
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.. setting:: REDIRECT_MAX_METAREFRESH_DELAY
REDIRECT_MAX_METAREFRESH_DELAY
Default: 100
Some sites use meta-refresh for redirecting to a session expired page, so we restrict automatic redirection to a maximum delay (in seconds)
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.. setting:: REDIRECT_PRIORITY_ADJUST
REDIRECT_PRIORITY_ADJUST
Default: +2
Adjust redirect request priority relative to original request. A negative priority adjust means more priority.
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.. setting:: REQUEST_HANDLERS
REQUEST_HANDLERS
Default: {}
A dict containing the request downloader handlers enabled in your project. See REQUEST_HANDLERS_BASE for example format.
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.. setting:: REQUEST_HANDLERS_BASE
REQUEST_HANDLERS_BASE
Default:
{
'file': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.file.download_file',
'http': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.http.download_http',
'https': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.http.download_http',
}
A dict containing the request download handlers enabled by default in Scrapy. You should never modify this setting in your project, modify :setting:`REQUEST_HANDLERS` instead.
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.. setting:: REQUESTS_QUEUE_SIZE
REQUESTS_QUEUE_SIZE
Default: 0
Scope: scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.limit
If non zero, it will be used as an upper limit for the amount of requests that can be scheduled per domain.
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.. setting:: ROBOTSTXT_OBEY
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY
Default: False
Scope: scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.robotstxt
If enabled, Scrapy will respect robots.txt policies. For more information see :ref:`topics-dlmw-robots`
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.. setting:: SCHEDULER
SCHEDULER
Default: 'scrapy.core.scheduler.Scheduler'
The scheduler to use for crawling.
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.. setting:: SCHEDULER_ORDER
SCHEDULER_ORDER
Default: 'DFO'
Scope: scrapy.core.scheduler
The order to use for the crawling scheduler. Available orders are:
- 'BFO': Breadth-first order - typically consumes more memory but reaches most relevant pages earlier.
- 'DFO': Depth-first order - typically consumes less memory than but takes longer to reach most relevant pages.
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.. setting:: SCHEDULER_MIDDLEWARES
SCHEDULER_MIDDLEWARES
Default:: {}
A dict containing the scheduler middlewares enabled in your project, and their orders.
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.. setting:: SCHEDULER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE
SCHEDULER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE
Default:
SCHEDULER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE = {
'scrapy.contrib.schedulermiddleware.duplicatesfilter.DuplicatesFilterMiddleware': 500,
}
A dict containing the scheduler middlewares enabled by default in Scrapy. You should never modify this setting in your project, modify :setting:`SCHEDULER_MIDDLEWARES` instead.
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.. setting:: SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES
SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES
Default:: {}
A dict containing the spider middlewares enabled in your project, and their orders. For more info see :ref:`topics-spider-middleware-setting`.
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.. setting:: SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE
SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE
Default:
{
'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware': 50,
'scrapy.contrib.itemsampler.ItemSamplerMiddleware': 100,
'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.requestlimit.RequestLimitMiddleware': 200,
'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware': 500,
'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.referer.RefererMiddleware': 700,
'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware': 800,
'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.depth.DepthMiddleware': 900,
}
A dict containing the spider middlewares enabled by default in Scrapy. You should never modify this setting in your project, modify :setting:`SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES` instead. For more info see :ref:`topics-spider-middleware-setting`.
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.. setting:: SPIDER_MODULES
SPIDER_MODULES
Default: []
A list of modules where Scrapy will look for spiders.
Example:
SPIDER_MODULES = ['mybot.spiders_prod', 'mybot.spiders_dev']
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.. setting:: STATS_CLASS
STATS_CLASS
Default: 'scrapy.stats.collector.MemoryStatsCollector'
The class to use for collecting stats (must implement the Stats Collector API, or subclass the StatsCollector class).
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.. setting:: STATS_DUMP
STATS_DUMP
Default: False
Dump (to log) domain-specific stats collected when a domain is closed, and all global stats when the Scrapy process finishes (ie. when the engine is shutdown).
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.. setting:: STATS_ENABLED
STATS_ENABLED
Default: True
Enable stats collection.
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.. setting:: STATSMAILER_RCPTS
STATSMAILER_RCPTS
Default: [] (empty list)
Send Scrapy stats after domains finish scrapy. See :class:`~scrapy.contrib.statsmailer.StatsMailer` for more info.
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.. setting:: TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED
TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED
Default: True
A boolean which specifies if the :ref:`telnet console <topics-telnetconsole>` will be enabled (provided its extension is also enabled).
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.. setting:: TELNETCONSOLE_PORT
TELNETCONSOLE_PORT
Default: 6023
The port to use for the telnet console. If set to None or 0, a dynamically assigned port is used. For more info see :ref:`topics-telnetconsole`.
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.. setting:: TEMPLATES_DIR
TEMPLATES_DIR
Default: templates dir inside scrapy module
The directory where to look for template when creating new projects with :doc:`scrapy startproject </topics/cmdline>` command.
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.. setting:: URLLENGTH_LIMIT
URLLENGTH_LIMIT
Default: 2083
Scope: contrib.spidermiddleware.urllength
The maximum URL length to allow for crawled URLs. For more information about the default value for this setting see: http://www.boutell.com/newfaq/misc/urllength.html
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.. setting:: USER_AGENT
USER_AGENT
Default: "%s/%s" % (BOT_NAME, BOT_VERSION)
The default User-Agent to use when crawling, unless overrided.