25 KiB
Settings
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.. module:: scrapy.conf :synopsis: Settings manager
The Scrapy settings allows you to customize the behaviour of all Scrapy components, including the core, extensions, pipelines and spiders themselves.
The infrastructure of the settings provides a global namespace of key-value mappings that the code can use to pull configuration values from. The settings can be populated through different mechanisms, which are described below.
The settings are also the mechanism for selecting the currently active Scrapy project (in case you have many).
For a list of available built-in settings see: :ref:`topics-settings-ref`.
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Unknown interpreted text role "ref".Designating the settings
When you use Scrapy, you have to tell it which settings you're using. You can do this by using an environment variable, SCRAPY_SETTINGS_MODULE.
The value of SCRAPY_SETTINGS_MODULE should be in Python path syntax, e.g. myproject.settings. Note that the settings module should be on the Python import search path.
Populating the settings
Settings can be populated using different mechanisms, each of which having a different precedence. Here is the list of them in decreasing order of precedence:
- Global overrides (most precedence)
- Project settings module
- Default settings per-command
- Default global settings (less precedence)
These mechanisms are described in more detail below.
1. Global overrides
Global overrides are the ones that take most precedence, and are usually populated by command-line options.
- Example::
>>> from scrapy.conf import settings >>> settings.overrides['LOG_ENABLED'] = True
You can also override one (or more) settings from command line using the -s (or --set) command line option.
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.. highlight:: sh
Example:
scrapy crawl domain.com -s LOG_FILE=scrapy.log
2. Project settings module
The project settings module is the standard configuration file for your Scrapy project. It's where most of your custom settings will be populated. For example:: myproject.settings.
3. Default settings per-command
Each :doc:`Scrapy tool </topics/commands>` command can have its own default settings, which override the global default settings. Those custom command settings are specified in the default_settings attribute of the command class.
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The global defaults are located in the scrapy.settings.default_settings module and documented in the :ref:`topics-settings-ref` section.
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.. highlight:: python
Here's an example of the simplest way to access settings from Python code:
>>> from scrapy.conf import settings >>> print settings['LOG_ENABLED'] True
In other words, settings can be accesed like a dict, but it's usually preferred to extract the setting in the format you need it to avoid type errors. In order to do that you'll have to use one of the following methods:
There is a (singleton) Settings object automatically instantiated when the :mod:`scrapy.conf` module is loaded, and it's usually accessed like this:
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.. method:: get(name, default=None) Get a setting value without affecting its original type. :param name: the setting name :type name: string :param default: the value to return if no setting is found :type default: anySystem Message: ERROR/3 (<stdin>, line 120)
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.. method:: getbool(name, default=False) Get a setting value as a boolean. For example, both ``1`` and ``'1'``, and ``True`` return ``True``, while ``0``, ``'0'``, ``False`` and ``None`` return ``False```` For example, settings populated through environment variables set to ``'0'`` will return ``False`` when using this method. :param name: the setting name :type name: string :param default: the value to return if no setting is found :type default: anySystem Message: ERROR/3 (<stdin>, line 135)
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.. method:: getint(name, default=0) Get a setting value as an int :param name: the setting name :type name: string :param default: the value to return if no setting is found :type default: anySystem Message: ERROR/3 (<stdin>, line 145)
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.. method:: getfloat(name, default=0.0) Get a setting value as a float :param name: the setting name :type name: string :param default: the value to return if no setting is found :type default: anySystem Message: ERROR/3 (<stdin>, line 155)
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.. method:: getlist(name, default=None) Get a setting value as a list. If the setting original type is a list it will be returned verbatim. If it's a string it will be split by ",". For example, settings populated through environment variables set to ``'one,two'`` will return a list ['one', 'two'] when using this method. :param name: the setting name :type name: string :param default: the value to return if no setting is found :type default: any
Rationale for setting names
Setting names are usually prefixed with the component that they configure. For example, proper setting names for a fictional robots.txt extension would be ROBOTSTXT_ENABLED, ROBOTSTXT_OBEY, ROBOTSTXT_CACHEDIR, etc.
Built-in settings reference
Here's a list of all available Scrapy settings, in alphabetical order, along with their default values and the scope where they apply.
The scope, where available, shows where the setting is being used, if it's tied to any particular component. In that case the module of that component will be shown, typically an extension, middleware or pipeline. It also means that the component must be enabled in order for the setting to have any effect.
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.. setting:: AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
Default: None
The AWS access key used by code that requires access to Amazon Web services, such as the :ref:`S3 feed storage backend <topics-feed-storage-s3>`.
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.. setting:: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
Default: None
The AWS secret key used by code that requires access to Amazon Web services, such as the :ref:`S3 feed storage backend <topics-feed-storage-s3>`.
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.. setting:: BOT_NAME
BOT_NAME
Default: 'scrapybot'
The name of the bot implemented by this Scrapy project (also known as the project name). This will be used to construct the User-Agent by default, and also for logging.
It's automatically populated with your project name when you create your project with the :command:`startproject` command.
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.. setting:: BOT_VERSION
BOT_VERSION
Default: 1.0
The version of the bot implemented by this Scrapy project. This will be used to construct the User-Agent by default.
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.. setting:: CONCURRENT_ITEMS
CONCURRENT_ITEMS
Default: 100
Maximum number of concurrent items (per response) to process in parallel in the Item Processor (also known as the :ref:`Item Pipeline <topics-item-pipeline>`).
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.. setting:: CONCURRENT_REQUESTS
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS
Default: 16
The maximum number of concurrent (ie. simultaneous) requests that will be performed by the Scrapy downloader.
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.. setting:: CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN
Default: 8
The maximum number of concurrent (ie. simultaneous) requests that will be performed to any single domain.
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.. setting:: CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP
Default: 0
The maximum number of concurrent (ie. simultaneous) requests that will be performed to any single IP. If non-zero, the :setting:`CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN` setting is ignored, and this one is used instead. In other words, concurrency limits will be applied per IP, not per domain.
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.. setting:: DEFAULT_ITEM_CLASS
DEFAULT_ITEM_CLASS
Default: 'scrapy.item.Item'
The default class that will be used for instantiating items in the :ref:`the Scrapy shell <topics-shell>`.
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.. setting:: DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS
Default:
{
'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
'Accept-Language': 'en',
}
The default headers used for Scrapy HTTP Requests. They're populated in the :class:`~scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware`.
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.. setting:: DEFAULT_RESPONSE_ENCODING
DEFAULT_RESPONSE_ENCODING
Default: 'ascii'
The default encoding to use for :class:`~scrapy.http.TextResponse` objects (and subclasses) when no encoding is declared and no encoding could be inferred from the body.
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.. setting:: DEPTH_LIMIT
DEPTH_LIMIT
Default: 0
The maximum depth that will be allowed to crawl for any site. If zero, no limit will be imposed.
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.. setting:: DEPTH_PRIORITY
DEPTH_PRIORITY
Default: 0
An integer that is used to adjust the request priority based on its depth.
If zero, no priority adjustment is made from depth.
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.. setting:: DEPTH_STATS
DEPTH_STATS
Default: True
Whether to collect maximum depth stats.
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.. setting:: DEPTH_STATS_VERBOSE
DEPTH_STATS_VERBOSE
Default: False
Whether to collect verbose depth stats. If this is enabled, the number of requests for each depth is collected in the stats.
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.. setting:: DNSCACHE_ENABLED
DNSCACHE_ENABLED
Default: True
Whether to enable DNS in-memory cache.
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.. setting:: DOWNLOADER_DEBUG
DOWNLOADER_DEBUG
Default: False
Whether to enable the Downloader debugging mode.
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.. setting:: DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES
Default:: {}
A dict containing the downloader middlewares enabled in your project, and their orders. For more info see :ref:`topics-downloader-middleware-setting`.
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.. setting:: DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE
Default:
{
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.robotstxt.RobotsTxtMiddleware': 100,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware': 300,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware': 350,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware': 400,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.retry.RetryMiddleware': 500,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware': 550,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.redirect.RedirectMiddleware': 600,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.cookies.CookiesMiddleware': 700,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware': 750,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware': 800,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.chunked.ChunkedTransferMiddleware': 830,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.stats.DownloaderStats': 850,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpcache.HttpCacheMiddleware': 900,
}
A dict containing the downloader middlewares enabled by default in Scrapy. You should never modify this setting in your project, modify :setting:`DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES` instead. For more info see :ref:`topics-downloader-middleware-setting`.
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.. setting:: DOWNLOADER_STATS
DOWNLOADER_STATS
Default: True
Whether to enable downloader stats collection.
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.. setting:: DOWNLOAD_DELAY
DOWNLOAD_DELAY
Default: 0
The amount of time (in secs) that the downloader should wait before downloading consecutive pages from the same spider. This can be used to throttle the crawling speed to avoid hitting servers too hard. Decimal numbers are supported. Example:
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 0.25 # 250 ms of delay
This setting is also affected by the :setting:`RANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY` setting (which is enabled by default). By default, Scrapy doesn't wait a fixed amount of time between requests, but uses a random interval between 0.5 and 1.5 * :setting:`DOWNLOAD_DELAY`.
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.. setting:: DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS
DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS
Default: {}
A dict containing the request downloader handlers enabled in your project. See DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS_BASE for example format.
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.. setting:: DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS_BASE
DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS_BASE
Default:
{
'file': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.file.FileDownloadHandler',
'http': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.http.HttpDownloadHandler',
'https': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.http.HttpDownloadHandler',
's3': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.s3.S3DownloadHandler',
}
A dict containing the request download handlers enabled by default in Scrapy. You should never modify this setting in your project, modify :setting:`DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS` instead.
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.. setting:: DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT
DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT
Default: 180
The amount of time (in secs) that the downloader will wait before timing out.
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.. setting:: DUPEFILTER_CLASS
DUPEFILTER_CLASS
Default: 'scrapy.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter'
The class used to detect and filter duplicate requests.
The default (RFPDupeFilter) filters based on request fingerprint using the scrapy.utils.request.request_fingerprint function.
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.. setting:: EDITOR
EDITOR
The editor to use for editing spiders with the :command:`edit` command. It defaults to the EDITOR environment variable, if set. Otherwise, it defaults to vi (on Unix systems) or the IDLE editor (on Windows).
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.. setting:: ENCODING_ALIASES
ENCODING_ALIASES
Default: {}
A mapping of custom encoding aliases for your project, where the keys are the aliases (and must be lower case) and the values are the encodings they map to.
This setting extends the :setting:`ENCODING_ALIASES_BASE` setting which contains some default mappings.
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.. setting:: ENCODING_ALIASES_BASE
ENCODING_ALIASES_BASE
Default:
{
# gb2312 is superseded by gb18030
'gb2312': 'gb18030',
'chinese': 'gb18030',
'csiso58gb231280': 'gb18030',
'euc- cn': 'gb18030',
'euccn': 'gb18030',
'eucgb2312-cn': 'gb18030',
'gb2312-1980': 'gb18030',
'gb2312-80': 'gb18030',
'iso- ir-58': 'gb18030',
# gbk is superseded by gb18030
'gbk': 'gb18030',
'936': 'gb18030',
'cp936': 'gb18030',
'ms936': 'gb18030',
# latin_1 is a subset of cp1252
'latin_1': 'cp1252',
'iso-8859-1': 'cp1252',
'iso8859-1': 'cp1252',
'8859': 'cp1252',
'cp819': 'cp1252',
'latin': 'cp1252',
'latin1': 'cp1252',
'l1': 'cp1252',
# others
'zh-cn': 'gb18030',
'win-1251': 'cp1251',
'macintosh' : 'mac_roman',
'x-sjis': 'shift_jis',
}
The default encoding aliases defined in Scrapy. Don't override this setting in your project, override :setting:`ENCODING_ALIASES` instead.
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.. setting:: EXTENSIONS
EXTENSIONS
Default:: {}
A dict containing the extensions enabled in your project, and their orders.
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.. setting:: EXTENSIONS_BASE
EXTENSIONS_BASE
Default:
{
'scrapy.contrib.corestats.CoreStats': 0,
'scrapy.webservice.WebService': 0,
'scrapy.telnet.TelnetConsole': 0,
'scrapy.contrib.memusage.MemoryUsage': 0,
'scrapy.contrib.memdebug.MemoryDebugger': 0,
'scrapy.contrib.closespider.CloseSpider': 0,
'scrapy.contrib.feedexport.FeedExporter': 0,
'scrapy.contrib.spidercontext.SpiderContext': 0,
'scrapy.contrib.logstats.LogStats': 0,
'scrapy.contrib.spiderstate.SpiderState': 0,
}
The list of available extensions. Keep in mind that some of them need to be enabled through a setting. By default, this setting contains all stable built-in extensions.
For more information See the :ref:`extensions user guide <topics-extensions>` and the :ref:`list of available extensions <topics-extensions-ref>`.
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.. setting:: ITEM_PIPELINES
ITEM_PIPELINES
Default: []
The item pipelines to use (a list of classes).
Example:
ITEM_PIPELINES = [
'mybot.pipeline.validate.ValidateMyItem',
'mybot.pipeline.validate.StoreMyItem'
]
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.. setting:: LOG_ENABLED
LOG_ENABLED
Default: True
Whether to enable logging.
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.. setting:: LOG_ENCODING
LOG_ENCODING
Default: 'utf-8'
The encoding to use for logging.
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.. setting:: LOG_FILE
LOG_FILE
Default: None
File name to use for logging output. If None, standard error will be used.
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.. setting:: LOG_LEVEL
LOG_LEVEL
Default: 'DEBUG'
Minimum level to log. Available levels are: CRITICAL, ERROR, WARNING, INFO, DEBUG. For more info see :ref:`topics-logging`.
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.. setting:: LOG_STDOUT
LOG_STDOUT
Default: False
If True, all standard output (and error) of your process will be redirected to the log. For example if you print 'hello' it will appear in the Scrapy log.
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.. setting:: MEMDEBUG_ENABLED
MEMDEBUG_ENABLED
Default: False
Whether to enable memory debugging.
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.. setting:: MEMDEBUG_NOTIFY
MEMDEBUG_NOTIFY
Default: []
When memory debugging is enabled a memory report will be sent to the specified addresses if this setting is not empty, otherwise the report will be written to the log.
Example:
MEMDEBUG_NOTIFY = ['user@example.com']
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.. setting:: MEMUSAGE_ENABLED
MEMUSAGE_ENABLED
Default: False
Scope: scrapy.contrib.memusage
Whether to enable the memory usage extension that will shutdown the Scrapy process when it exceeds a memory limit, and also notify by email when that happened.
See :ref:`topics-extensions-ref-memusage`.
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.. setting:: MEMUSAGE_LIMIT_MB
MEMUSAGE_LIMIT_MB
Default: 0
Scope: scrapy.contrib.memusage
The maximum amount of memory to allow (in megabytes) before shutting down Scrapy (if MEMUSAGE_ENABLED is True). If zero, no check will be performed.
See :ref:`topics-extensions-ref-memusage`.
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.. setting:: MEMUSAGE_NOTIFY_MAIL
MEMUSAGE_NOTIFY_MAIL
Default: False
Scope: scrapy.contrib.memusage
A list of emails to notify if the memory limit has been reached.
Example:
MEMUSAGE_NOTIFY_MAIL = ['user@example.com']
See :ref:`topics-extensions-ref-memusage`.
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.. setting:: MEMUSAGE_REPORT
MEMUSAGE_REPORT
Default: False
Scope: scrapy.contrib.memusage
Whether to send a memory usage report after each spider has been closed.
See :ref:`topics-extensions-ref-memusage`.
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.. setting:: MEMUSAGE_WARNING_MB
MEMUSAGE_WARNING_MB
Default: 0
Scope: scrapy.contrib.memusage
The maximum amount of memory to allow (in megabytes) before sending a warning email notifying about it. If zero, no warning will be produced.
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.. setting:: NEWSPIDER_MODULE
NEWSPIDER_MODULE
Default: ''
Module where to create new spiders using the :command:`genspider` command.
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NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'mybot.spiders_dev'
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.. setting:: RANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY
RANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY
Default: True
If enabled, Scrapy will wait a random amount of time (between 0.5 and 1.5 * :setting:`DOWNLOAD_DELAY`) while fetching requests from the same spider.
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The randomization policy is the same used by wget --random-wait option.
If :setting:`DOWNLOAD_DELAY` is zero (default) this option has no effect.
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.. setting:: REDIRECT_MAX_TIMES
REDIRECT_MAX_TIMES
Default: 20
Defines the maximun times a request can be redirected. After this maximun the request's response is returned as is. We used Firefox default value for the same task.
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.. setting:: REDIRECT_MAX_METAREFRESH_DELAY
REDIRECT_MAX_METAREFRESH_DELAY
Default: 100
Some sites use meta-refresh for redirecting to a session expired page, so we restrict automatic redirection to a maximum delay (in seconds)
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.. setting:: REDIRECT_PRIORITY_ADJUST
REDIRECT_PRIORITY_ADJUST
Default: +2
Adjust redirect request priority relative to original request. A negative priority adjust means more priority.
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.. setting:: ROBOTSTXT_OBEY
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY
Default: False
Scope: scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.robotstxt
If enabled, Scrapy will respect robots.txt policies. For more information see :ref:`topics-dlmw-robots`
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.. setting:: SCHEDULER
SCHEDULER
Default: 'scrapy.core.scheduler.Scheduler'
The scheduler to use for crawling.
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.. setting:: SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES
SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES
Default:: {}
A dict containing the spider middlewares enabled in your project, and their orders. For more info see :ref:`topics-spider-middleware-setting`.
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.. setting:: SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE
SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE
Default:
{
'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware': 50,
'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware': 500,
'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.referer.RefererMiddleware': 700,
'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware': 800,
'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.depth.DepthMiddleware': 900,
}
A dict containing the spider middlewares enabled by default in Scrapy. You should never modify this setting in your project, modify :setting:`SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES` instead. For more info see :ref:`topics-spider-middleware-setting`.
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.. setting:: SPIDER_MODULES
SPIDER_MODULES
Default: []
A list of modules where Scrapy will look for spiders.
Example:
SPIDER_MODULES = ['mybot.spiders_prod', 'mybot.spiders_dev']
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.. setting:: STATS_CLASS
STATS_CLASS
Default: 'scrapy.statscol.MemoryStatsCollector'
The class to use for collecting stats (must implement the Stats Collector API, or subclass the StatsCollector class).
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.. setting:: STATS_DUMP
STATS_DUMP
Default: True
Dump (to the Scrapy log) the :ref:`Scrapy stats <topics-stats>` collected during the crawl. The spider-specific stats are logged when the spider is closed, while the global stats are dumped when the Scrapy process finishes.
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.. setting:: STATS_ENABLED
STATS_ENABLED
Default: True
Enable stats collection.
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.. setting:: STATSMAILER_RCPTS
STATSMAILER_RCPTS
Default: [] (empty list)
Send Scrapy stats after spiders finish scraping. See :class:`~scrapy.contrib.statsmailer.StatsMailer` for more info.
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.. setting:: TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED
TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED
Default: True
A boolean which specifies if the :ref:`telnet console <topics-telnetconsole>` will be enabled (provided its extension is also enabled).
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.. setting:: TELNETCONSOLE_PORT
TELNETCONSOLE_PORT
Default: [6023, 6073]
The port range to use for the telnet console. If set to None or 0, a dynamically assigned port is used. For more info see :ref:`topics-telnetconsole`.
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.. setting:: TEMPLATES_DIR
TEMPLATES_DIR
Default: templates dir inside scrapy module
The directory where to look for templates when creating new projects with :command:`startproject` command.
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.. setting:: URLLENGTH_LIMIT
URLLENGTH_LIMIT
Default: 2083
Scope: contrib.spidermiddleware.urllength
The maximum URL length to allow for crawled URLs. For more information about the default value for this setting see: http://www.boutell.com/newfaq/misc/urllength.html
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.. setting:: USER_AGENT
USER_AGENT
Default: "%s/%s" % (BOT_NAME, BOT_VERSION)
The default User-Agent to use when crawling, unless overridden.