25 KiB
Settings
The Scrapy settings allows you to customize the behaviour of all Scrapy components, including the core, extensions, pipelines and spiders themselves.
The infrastructure of the settings provides a global namespace of key-value mappings that the code can use to pull configuration values from. The settings can be populated through different mechanisms, which are described below.
The settings are also the mechanism for selecting the currently active Scrapy project (in case you have many).
For a list of available built-in settings see: :ref:`topics-settings-ref`.
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Unknown interpreted text role "ref".Designating the settings
When you use Scrapy, you have to tell it which settings you're using. You can do this by using an environment variable, SCRAPY_SETTINGS_MODULE.
The value of SCRAPY_SETTINGS_MODULE should be in Python path syntax, e.g. myproject.settings. Note that the settings module should be on the Python import search path.
Populating the settings
Settings can be populated using different mechanisms, each of which having a different precedence. Here is the list of them in decreasing order of precedence:
- Command line options (most precedence)
- Settings per-spider
- Project settings module
- Default settings per-command
- Default global settings (less precedence)
The population of these settings sources is taken care of internally, but a manual handling is possible using API calls. See the :ref:`topics-api-settings` topic for reference.
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Unknown interpreted text role "ref".These mechanisms are described in more detail below.
1. Command line options
Arguments provided by the command line are the ones that take most precedence, overriding any other options. You can explicitly override one (or more) settings using the -s (or --set) command line option.
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.. highlight:: sh
Example:
scrapy crawl myspider -s LOG_FILE=scrapy.log
2. Settings per-spider
Spiders (See the :ref:`topics-spiders` chapter for reference) can define their own settings that will take precedence and override the project ones. They can do so by setting their :attr:`scrapy.spider.Spider.custom_settings` attribute.
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Unknown interpreted text role "attr".3. Project settings module
The project settings module is the standard configuration file for your Scrapy project. It's where most of your custom settings will be populated. For example:: myproject.settings.
4. Default settings per-command
Each :doc:`Scrapy tool </topics/commands>` command can have its own default settings, which override the global default settings. Those custom command settings are specified in the default_settings attribute of the command class.
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Unknown interpreted text role "doc".5. Default global settings
The global defaults are located in the scrapy.settings.default_settings module and documented in the :ref:`topics-settings-ref` section.
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.. highlight:: python
Settings can be accessed through the :attr:`scrapy.crawler.Crawler.settings` attribute of the Crawler that is passed to from_crawler method in extensions and middlewares:
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@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
settings = crawler.settings
if settings['LOG_ENABLED']:
print "log is enabled!"
In other words, settings can be accessed like a dict, but it's usually preferred to extract the setting in the format you need it to avoid type errors. In order to do that you'll have to use one of the methods provided the :class:`~scrapy.settings.Settings` API.
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Unknown interpreted text role "class".Rationale for setting names
Setting names are usually prefixed with the component that they configure. For example, proper setting names for a fictional robots.txt extension would be ROBOTSTXT_ENABLED, ROBOTSTXT_OBEY, ROBOTSTXT_CACHEDIR, etc.
Built-in settings reference
Here's a list of all available Scrapy settings, in alphabetical order, along with their default values and the scope where they apply.
The scope, where available, shows where the setting is being used, if it's tied to any particular component. In that case the module of that component will be shown, typically an extension, middleware or pipeline. It also means that the component must be enabled in order for the setting to have any effect.
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.. setting:: AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
Default: None
The AWS access key used by code that requires access to Amazon Web services, such as the :ref:`S3 feed storage backend <topics-feed-storage-s3>`.
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.. setting:: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
Default: None
The AWS secret key used by code that requires access to Amazon Web services, such as the :ref:`S3 feed storage backend <topics-feed-storage-s3>`.
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.. setting:: BOT_NAME
BOT_NAME
Default: 'scrapybot'
The name of the bot implemented by this Scrapy project (also known as the project name). This will be used to construct the User-Agent by default, and also for logging.
It's automatically populated with your project name when you create your project with the :command:`startproject` command.
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.. setting:: CONCURRENT_ITEMS
CONCURRENT_ITEMS
Default: 100
Maximum number of concurrent items (per response) to process in parallel in the Item Processor (also known as the :ref:`Item Pipeline <topics-item-pipeline>`).
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.. setting:: CONCURRENT_REQUESTS
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS
Default: 16
The maximum number of concurrent (ie. simultaneous) requests that will be performed by the Scrapy downloader.
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.. setting:: CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN
Default: 8
The maximum number of concurrent (ie. simultaneous) requests that will be performed to any single domain.
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.. setting:: CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP
Default: 0
The maximum number of concurrent (ie. simultaneous) requests that will be performed to any single IP. If non-zero, the :setting:`CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN` setting is ignored, and this one is used instead. In other words, concurrency limits will be applied per IP, not per domain.
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Unknown interpreted text role "setting".This setting also affects :setting:`DOWNLOAD_DELAY`: if :setting:`CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP` is non-zero, download delay is enforced per IP, not per domain.
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.. setting:: DEFAULT_ITEM_CLASS
DEFAULT_ITEM_CLASS
Default: 'scrapy.item.Item'
The default class that will be used for instantiating items in the :ref:`the Scrapy shell <topics-shell>`.
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.. setting:: DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS
Default:
{
'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
'Accept-Language': 'en',
}
The default headers used for Scrapy HTTP Requests. They're populated in the :class:`~scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware`.
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.. setting:: DEPTH_LIMIT
DEPTH_LIMIT
Default: 0
The maximum depth that will be allowed to crawl for any site. If zero, no limit will be imposed.
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.. setting:: DEPTH_PRIORITY
DEPTH_PRIORITY
Default: 0
An integer that is used to adjust the request priority based on its depth.
If zero, no priority adjustment is made from depth.
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.. setting:: DEPTH_STATS
DEPTH_STATS
Default: True
Whether to collect maximum depth stats.
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.. setting:: DEPTH_STATS_VERBOSE
DEPTH_STATS_VERBOSE
Default: False
Whether to collect verbose depth stats. If this is enabled, the number of requests for each depth is collected in the stats.
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.. setting:: DNSCACHE_ENABLED
DNSCACHE_ENABLED
Default: True
Whether to enable DNS in-memory cache.
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.. setting:: DNSCACHE_SIZE
DNSCACHE_SIZE
Default: 10000
DNS in-memory cache size.
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.. setting:: DNS_TIMEOUT
DNS_TIMEOUT
Default: 60
Timeout for processing of DNS queries in seconds. Float is supported.
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.. setting:: DOWNLOADER
DOWNLOADER
Default: 'scrapy.core.downloader.Downloader'
The downloader to use for crawling.
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.. setting:: DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES
Default:: {}
A dict containing the downloader middlewares enabled in your project, and their orders. For more info see :ref:`topics-downloader-middleware-setting`.
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.. setting:: DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE
Default:
{
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.robotstxt.RobotsTxtMiddleware': 100,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware': 300,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware': 350,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware': 400,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.retry.RetryMiddleware': 500,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware': 550,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware': 580,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware': 590,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.redirect.RedirectMiddleware': 600,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.cookies.CookiesMiddleware': 700,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware': 750,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.chunked.ChunkedTransferMiddleware': 830,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.stats.DownloaderStats': 850,
'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpcache.HttpCacheMiddleware': 900,
}
A dict containing the downloader middlewares enabled by default in Scrapy. You should never modify this setting in your project, modify :setting:`DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES` instead. For more info see :ref:`topics-downloader-middleware-setting`.
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.. setting:: DOWNLOADER_STATS
DOWNLOADER_STATS
Default: True
Whether to enable downloader stats collection.
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.. setting:: DOWNLOAD_DELAY
DOWNLOAD_DELAY
Default: 0
The amount of time (in secs) that the downloader should wait before downloading consecutive pages from the same website. This can be used to throttle the crawling speed to avoid hitting servers too hard. Decimal numbers are supported. Example:
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 0.25 # 250 ms of delay
This setting is also affected by the :setting:`RANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY` setting (which is enabled by default). By default, Scrapy doesn't wait a fixed amount of time between requests, but uses a random interval between 0.5 and 1.5 * :setting:`DOWNLOAD_DELAY`.
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Unknown interpreted text role "setting".When :setting:`CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP` is non-zero, delays are enforced per ip address instead of per domain.
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Unknown interpreted text role "setting".You can also change this setting per spider by setting download_delay spider attribute.
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.. setting:: DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS
DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS
Default: {}
A dict containing the request downloader handlers enabled in your project. See DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS_BASE for example format.
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.. setting:: DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS_BASE
DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS_BASE
Default:
{
'file': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.file.FileDownloadHandler',
'http': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.http.HttpDownloadHandler',
'https': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.http.HttpDownloadHandler',
's3': 'scrapy.core.downloader.handlers.s3.S3DownloadHandler',
}
A dict containing the request download handlers enabled by default in Scrapy. You should never modify this setting in your project, modify :setting:`DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS` instead.
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Unknown interpreted text role "setting".If you want to disable any of the above download handlers you must define them in your project's :setting:`DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS` setting and assign None as their value. For example, if you want to disable the file download handler:
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'file': None,
}
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.. setting:: DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT
DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT
Default: 180
The amount of time (in secs) that the downloader will wait before timing out.
Note
This timeout can be set per spider using :attr:`download_timeout` spider attribute and per-request using :reqmeta:`download_timeout` Request.meta key.
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.. setting:: DOWNLOAD_MAXSIZE
DOWNLOAD_MAXSIZE
Default: 1073741824 (1024MB)
The maximum response size (in bytes) that downloader will download.
If you want to disable it set to 0.
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.. reqmeta:: download_maxsize
Note
This size can be set per spider using :attr:`download_maxsize` spider attribute and per-request using :reqmeta:`download_maxsize` Request.meta key.
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.. setting:: DOWNLOAD_WARNSIZE
DOWNLOAD_WARNSIZE
Default: 33554432 (32MB)
The response size (in bytes) that downloader will start to warn.
If you want to disable it set to 0.
Note
This size can be set per spider using :attr:`download_warnsize` spider attribute and per-request using :reqmeta:`download_warnsize` Request.meta key.
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.. setting:: DUPEFILTER_CLASS
DUPEFILTER_CLASS
Default: 'scrapy.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter'
The class used to detect and filter duplicate requests.
The default (RFPDupeFilter) filters based on request fingerprint using the scrapy.utils.request.request_fingerprint function. In order to change the way duplicates are checked you could subclass RFPDupeFilter and override its request_fingerprint method. This method should accept scrapy :class:`~scrapy.http.Request` object and return its fingerprint (a string).
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.. setting:: DUPEFILTER_DEBUG
DUPEFILTER_DEBUG
Default: False
By default, RFPDupeFilter only logs the first duplicate request. Setting :setting:`DUPEFILTER_DEBUG` to True will make it log all duplicate requests.
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.. setting:: EDITOR
EDITOR
Default: depends on the environment
The editor to use for editing spiders with the :command:`edit` command. It defaults to the EDITOR environment variable, if set. Otherwise, it defaults to vi (on Unix systems) or the IDLE editor (on Windows).
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.. setting:: EXTENSIONS
EXTENSIONS
Default:: {}
A dict containing the extensions enabled in your project, and their orders.
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.. setting:: EXTENSIONS_BASE
EXTENSIONS_BASE
Default:
{
'scrapy.contrib.corestats.CoreStats': 0,
'scrapy.telnet.TelnetConsole': 0,
'scrapy.contrib.memusage.MemoryUsage': 0,
'scrapy.contrib.memdebug.MemoryDebugger': 0,
'scrapy.contrib.closespider.CloseSpider': 0,
'scrapy.contrib.feedexport.FeedExporter': 0,
'scrapy.contrib.logstats.LogStats': 0,
'scrapy.contrib.spiderstate.SpiderState': 0,
'scrapy.contrib.throttle.AutoThrottle': 0,
}
The list of available extensions. Keep in mind that some of them need to be enabled through a setting. By default, this setting contains all stable built-in extensions.
For more information See the :ref:`extensions user guide <topics-extensions>` and the :ref:`list of available extensions <topics-extensions-ref>`.
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.. setting:: ITEM_PIPELINES
ITEM_PIPELINES
Default: {}
A dict containing the item pipelines to use, and their orders. The dict is empty by default order values are arbitrary but it's customary to define them in the 0-1000 range.
Lists are supported in :setting:`ITEM_PIPELINES` for backwards compatibility, but they are deprecated.
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ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'mybot.pipelines.validate.ValidateMyItem': 300,
'mybot.pipelines.validate.StoreMyItem': 800,
}
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.. setting:: ITEM_PIPELINES_BASE
ITEM_PIPELINES_BASE
Default: {}
A dict containing the pipelines enabled by default in Scrapy. You should never modify this setting in your project, modify :setting:`ITEM_PIPELINES` instead.
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.. setting:: LOG_ENABLED
LOG_ENABLED
Default: True
Whether to enable logging.
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.. setting:: LOG_ENCODING
LOG_ENCODING
Default: 'utf-8'
The encoding to use for logging.
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.. setting:: LOG_FILE
LOG_FILE
Default: None
File name to use for logging output. If None, standard error will be used.
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.. setting:: LOG_LEVEL
LOG_LEVEL
Default: 'DEBUG'
Minimum level to log. Available levels are: CRITICAL, ERROR, WARNING, INFO, DEBUG. For more info see :ref:`topics-logging`.
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.. setting:: LOG_STDOUT
LOG_STDOUT
Default: False
If True, all standard output (and error) of your process will be redirected to the log. For example if you print 'hello' it will appear in the Scrapy log.
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.. setting:: MEMDEBUG_ENABLED
MEMDEBUG_ENABLED
Default: False
Whether to enable memory debugging.
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.. setting:: MEMDEBUG_NOTIFY
MEMDEBUG_NOTIFY
Default: []
When memory debugging is enabled a memory report will be sent to the specified addresses if this setting is not empty, otherwise the report will be written to the log.
Example:
MEMDEBUG_NOTIFY = ['user@example.com']
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.. setting:: MEMUSAGE_ENABLED
MEMUSAGE_ENABLED
Default: False
Scope: scrapy.contrib.memusage
Whether to enable the memory usage extension that will shutdown the Scrapy process when it exceeds a memory limit, and also notify by email when that happened.
See :ref:`topics-extensions-ref-memusage`.
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.. setting:: MEMUSAGE_LIMIT_MB
MEMUSAGE_LIMIT_MB
Default: 0
Scope: scrapy.contrib.memusage
The maximum amount of memory to allow (in megabytes) before shutting down Scrapy (if MEMUSAGE_ENABLED is True). If zero, no check will be performed.
See :ref:`topics-extensions-ref-memusage`.
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.. setting:: MEMUSAGE_NOTIFY_MAIL
MEMUSAGE_NOTIFY_MAIL
Default: False
Scope: scrapy.contrib.memusage
A list of emails to notify if the memory limit has been reached.
Example:
MEMUSAGE_NOTIFY_MAIL = ['user@example.com']
See :ref:`topics-extensions-ref-memusage`.
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.. setting:: MEMUSAGE_REPORT
MEMUSAGE_REPORT
Default: False
Scope: scrapy.contrib.memusage
Whether to send a memory usage report after each spider has been closed.
See :ref:`topics-extensions-ref-memusage`.
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.. setting:: MEMUSAGE_WARNING_MB
MEMUSAGE_WARNING_MB
Default: 0
Scope: scrapy.contrib.memusage
The maximum amount of memory to allow (in megabytes) before sending a warning email notifying about it. If zero, no warning will be produced.
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.. setting:: NEWSPIDER_MODULE
NEWSPIDER_MODULE
Default: ''
Module where to create new spiders using the :command:`genspider` command.
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NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'mybot.spiders_dev'
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.. setting:: RANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY
RANDOMIZE_DOWNLOAD_DELAY
Default: True
If enabled, Scrapy will wait a random amount of time (between 0.5 and 1.5 * :setting:`DOWNLOAD_DELAY`) while fetching requests from the same website.
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Unknown interpreted text role "setting".This randomization decreases the chance of the crawler being detected (and subsequently blocked) by sites which analyze requests looking for statistically significant similarities in the time between their requests.
The randomization policy is the same used by wget --random-wait option.
If :setting:`DOWNLOAD_DELAY` is zero (default) this option has no effect.
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.. setting:: REACTOR_THREADPOOL_MAXSIZE
REACTOR_THREADPOOL_MAXSIZE
Default: 10
The maximum limit for Twisted Reactor thread pool size. This is common multi-purpose thread pool used by various Scrapy components. Threaded DNS Resolver, BlockingFeedStorage, S3FilesStore just to name a few. Increase this value if you're experiencing problems with insufficient blocking IO.
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.. setting:: REDIRECT_MAX_TIMES
REDIRECT_MAX_TIMES
Default: 20
Defines the maximum times a request can be redirected. After this maximum the request's response is returned as is. We used Firefox default value for the same task.
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.. setting:: REDIRECT_MAX_METAREFRESH_DELAY
REDIRECT_MAX_METAREFRESH_DELAY
Default: 100
Some sites use meta-refresh for redirecting to a session expired page, so we restrict automatic redirection to a maximum delay (in seconds)
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.. setting:: REDIRECT_PRIORITY_ADJUST
REDIRECT_PRIORITY_ADJUST
Default: +2
Adjust redirect request priority relative to original request. A negative priority adjust means more priority.
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.. setting:: ROBOTSTXT_OBEY
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY
Default: False
Scope: scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.robotstxt
If enabled, Scrapy will respect robots.txt policies. For more information see :ref:`topics-dlmw-robots`
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.. setting:: SCHEDULER
SCHEDULER
Default: 'scrapy.core.scheduler.Scheduler'
The scheduler to use for crawling.
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.. setting:: SPIDER_CONTRACTS
SPIDER_CONTRACTS
Default:: {}
A dict containing the scrapy contracts enabled in your project, used for testing spiders. For more info see :ref:`topics-contracts`.
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.. setting:: SPIDER_CONTRACTS_BASE
SPIDER_CONTRACTS_BASE
Default:
{
'scrapy.contracts.default.UrlContract' : 1,
'scrapy.contracts.default.ReturnsContract': 2,
'scrapy.contracts.default.ScrapesContract': 3,
}
A dict containing the scrapy contracts enabled by default in Scrapy. You should never modify this setting in your project, modify :setting:`SPIDER_CONTRACTS` instead. For more info see :ref:`topics-contracts`.
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.. setting:: SPIDER_LOADER_CLASS
SPIDER_LOADER_CLASS
Default: 'scrapy.spiderloader.SpiderLoader'
The class that will be used for loading spiders, which must implement the :ref:`topics-api-spiderloader`.
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.. setting:: SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES
SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES
Default:: {}
A dict containing the spider middlewares enabled in your project, and their orders. For more info see :ref:`topics-spider-middleware-setting`.
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.. setting:: SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE
SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE
Default:
{
'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware': 50,
'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware': 500,
'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.referer.RefererMiddleware': 700,
'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware': 800,
'scrapy.contrib.spidermiddleware.depth.DepthMiddleware': 900,
}
A dict containing the spider middlewares enabled by default in Scrapy. You should never modify this setting in your project, modify :setting:`SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES` instead. For more info see :ref:`topics-spider-middleware-setting`.
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.. setting:: SPIDER_MODULES
SPIDER_MODULES
Default: []
A list of modules where Scrapy will look for spiders.
Example:
SPIDER_MODULES = ['mybot.spiders_prod', 'mybot.spiders_dev']
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.. setting:: STATS_CLASS
STATS_CLASS
Default: 'scrapy.statscol.MemoryStatsCollector'
The class to use for collecting stats, who must implement the :ref:`topics-api-stats`.
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.. setting:: STATS_DUMP
STATS_DUMP
Default: True
Dump the :ref:`Scrapy stats <topics-stats>` (to the Scrapy log) once the spider finishes.
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.. setting:: STATSMAILER_RCPTS
STATSMAILER_RCPTS
Default: [] (empty list)
Send Scrapy stats after spiders finish scraping. See :class:`~scrapy.contrib.statsmailer.StatsMailer` for more info.
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.. setting:: TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED
TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED
Default: True
A boolean which specifies if the :ref:`telnet console <topics-telnetconsole>` will be enabled (provided its extension is also enabled).
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.. setting:: TELNETCONSOLE_PORT
TELNETCONSOLE_PORT
Default: [6023, 6073]
The port range to use for the telnet console. If set to None or 0, a dynamically assigned port is used. For more info see :ref:`topics-telnetconsole`.
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.. setting:: TEMPLATES_DIR
TEMPLATES_DIR
Default: templates dir inside scrapy module
The directory where to look for templates when creating new projects with :command:`startproject` command.
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.. setting:: URLLENGTH_LIMIT
URLLENGTH_LIMIT
Default: 2083
Scope: contrib.spidermiddleware.urllength
The maximum URL length to allow for crawled URLs. For more information about the default value for this setting see: http://www.boutell.com/newfaq/misc/urllength.html
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.. setting:: USER_AGENT
USER_AGENT
Default: "Scrapy/VERSION (+http://scrapy.org)"
The default User-Agent to use when crawling, unless overridden.